“双师型”教师素质与能力的内涵结构模型研究

“双师型”教师队伍建设的政策实践与理论进展表明,“双师型”教师素质与能力的内涵结构研究对理论深化和实践应用十分重要。采用修正式德尔菲法和SPSS 20软件对专家调研结果进行实证分析,构建“双师型”教师素质与能力的内涵结构钻石模型,包括专业知识、专业道德、能力、理念4个维度,含32个细分项。“双师型”教师需要具有扎实的专业知识、系统的教学知识、丰富的职业知识、先进的教育理念和良好的专业道德,具备理论教学能力和实践指导能力。其中,知识结构的多样性可以有效激发学生专业学习的积极性;先进的教育理念和良好的专业道德有助于促进学生自主持续发展;理论教学能力中的理论并不是抽象的书本理论,而是面向工作世界、反映职业实践活动的“真实”理论;实践指导能力强调掌握行业领先的实践技术技能,能在实践教学中进行完整演示并指导学生科学训练。

智能手机辅助双探针比色法检测α-葡萄糖苷酶

该文以3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)和罗丹明B为比色探针,建立了α-葡萄糖苷酶的比色检测方法,并在此基础上基于智能手机策略,通过RGB值对α-葡萄糖苷酶进行检测。结果表明,Fe^(3+)-TMB-罗丹明B显色体系的吸光度与α-葡萄糖苷浓度在20~100 U/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为3.3 U/L。采用photo⁃shop软件分析样品图像和样品荧光图像的RGB值,其与α-葡萄糖苷酶浓度在10~100 U/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限分别为2.5 U/L和1.2 U/L。该法已成功用于α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂阿卡波糖抑制率评估和胎牛血清中α-葡萄糖苷酶浓度的测定。所构建的智能手机辅助检测法为α-葡萄糖苷酶的临床分析和酶抑制剂的快速筛选提供了简便、快捷和准确的方法。

劈离式肝移植术后成功妊娠分娩1例并文献复习

目的探讨劈离式肝移植(SLT)术后患者妊娠分娩的临床管理经验。方法收集1例我院器官移植中心收治的SLT术后妊娠并成功分娩患者的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果患者因“自身免疫性肝炎后肝硬化(失代偿期)”接受同种异体原位SLT,术后出现轻度急性排斥反应,经调整免疫抑制药物治疗后好转。患者术后2年自然妊娠,因既往服用麦考酚钠肠溶片,选择终止妊娠并停用该药。术后3年再次妊娠并出现移植物波动,予调整抗排异药物剂量、保肝对症治疗、先兆早产保胎治疗等处理,最终在肝移植科、产科和新生儿科等相关学科共同指导下,于孕35周剖宫产诞下1名健康女婴。结论SLT受者虽然孕期可能出现移植物功能波动、早产等情况,但在多学科共同合作、科学指导用药及密切随访监测下,亦可以获得满意预后。

Impact of climate change and human activities on the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province, China

Understanding the dynamics of surface water area and their drivers is crucial for human survival and ecosystem stability in inland arid and semi-arid areas.This study took Gansu Province,China,a typical area with complex terrain and variable climate,as the research subject.Based on Google Earth Engine,we used Landsat data and the Open-surface Water Detection Method with Enhanced Impurity Control method to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province from 1985 to 2022,and quantitatively analyzed the main causes of regional differences in surface water area.The findings revealed that surface water area in Gansu Province expanded by 406.88 km2 from 1985 to 2022.Seasonal surface water area exhibited significant fluctuations,while permanent surface water area showed a steady increase.Notably,terrestrial water storage exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,correlated with the dynamics of surface water area.Climate change and human activities jointly affected surface hydrological processes,with the impact of climate change being slightly higher than that of human activities.Spatially,climate change affected the'source'of surface water to a greater extent,while human activities tended to affect the'destination'of surface water.Challenges of surface water resources faced by inland arid and semi-arid areas like Gansu Province are multifaceted.Therefore,we summarized the surface hydrology patterns typical in inland arid and semi-arid areas and tailored surface water'supply-demand'balance strategies.The study not only sheds light on the dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province,but also offers valuable insights for ecological protection and surface water resource management in inland arid and semi-arid areas facing water scarcity.

Surface-neutralization engineered NiCo-LDH/phosphate hetero-sheets toward robust oxygen evolution reaction

Developing highly active oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts with robust durability is essential in producing high-purity hydrogen through water electrolysis.Layered double hydroxide(LDH)based catalysts have demonstrated efficient catalytic performance toward the relatively sluggish OER.By considering the promotion effect of phosphate(Pi)on proton transfer,herein,a facile phosphate acid(PA)surface-neutralization strategy is developed to in-situ construct NiCo-LDH/NiCoPi hetero-sheets toward OER catalysis.OER activity of NiCoLDH is significantly boosted due to the proton promotion effect and the electronic modulation effect of NiCoPi.As a result,the facilely prepared NiCo-LDH/NiCoPi catalyst displays superior OER catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 300 mV to deliver 100 mA cm^(-2)OER and a Tafel slope of 73 mV dec^(-1).Furthermore,no visible activity decay is detected after a 200-h continuous OER operation.The present work,therefore,provides a promising strategy to exploit robust OER electrocatalysts for commercial water electrolysers.

Identification of S-RNase genotype and analysis of its origin and evolutionary patterns in Malus plants

Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes,the cultivation and production of apple,the breeding of new varieties,and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibility in Malus plants.In this experiment,88 Malus germplasm resources,such as Aihuahong,Xishuhaitang,and Reguanzi,were used as materials.Seven gene-specific primer combinations were used in the genotype identification.PCR amplification using leaf DNA produced a single S-RNase gene fragment in all materials.The results revealed that 70 of the identified materials obtained a complete S-RNase genotype,while only one S-RNase gene was found in 18 of them.Through homology comparison and analysis,13 S-RNase genotypes were obtained:S_(1)S_(2)(Aihuahong,etc.),S_(1)S_(28)(Xixian Haitang,etc.),S_(1)S_(51)(Hebei Pingdinghaitang),S_(1)S_(3)(Xiangyangcun Daguo,etc.),S_(2)S_(3)(Zhaiyehaitang,etc.),S_(3)S_(51)(Xishan 1),S_(3)S_(28)(Huangselihaerde,etc.),S_(2)S_(28)(Honghaitang,etc.),S_(4)S_(28)(Bo 11),S_(7)S_(28)(Jiuquan Shaguo),S_(10)S_e(Dongchengguan 13),S_(10)S_(21)(Dongxiangjiao)and S_(3)S_(51)(Xiongyue Haitang).Simultaneously,the frequency of the S gene in the tested materials was analyzed.The findings revealed that different S genes had varying frequencies in Malus resources,as well as varying frequencies between intraspecific and interspecific.S_(3) had the highest frequency of 68.18%,followed by S_(1)(42.04%).In addition,the phylogenetic tree and origin evolution analysis revealed that the S gene differentiation was completed prior to the formation of various apple species,that cultivated species also evolved new S genes,and that the S_(50) gene is the oldest S allele in Malus plants.The S_(1),S_(29),and S_(33) genes in apple-cultivated species,on the other hand,may have originated in M.sieversii,M.hupehensis,and M.kansuensis,respectively.In addition to M.sieversii,M.kansuensis and M.sikkimensis may have also played a role in the origin and evolution of some Chinese apples.

制萎汤加减方联合四联法治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎患者的临床疗效及对其中医证候评分、胃蛋白酶原和炎症因子的影响

目的观察制萎汤加减方联合四联法治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎(Chronic atrophic gastritis,CAG)患者的临床疗效及对其中医证候评分、胃蛋白酶原和炎症因子的影响。方法选取2021年4月—2022年4月期间广元市中医医院消化科收治的CAG患者100例,采用随机数字法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各50例。对照组采用四联法治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上联合制萎汤加减治疗。治疗6个疗程后,观察比较两组患者临床疗效、不良反应情况,治疗前后中医证候评分、血清炎症因子[白细胞介素-4(Interleukin 4,IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin 10,IL-10),肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α)]、血清[胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(Pepsinogen I,PGⅠ)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PepsinogenⅡ,PGⅡ)、胃泌素(Gastrin,GAS)、表皮生长因子(Epidermal growth factor,EGF)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1,VCAM-1)]水平。结果治疗后治疗组临床总有效率92.00%(46/50)明显高于对照组76.00%(38/50),差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组血清IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者主症、次症及总积分均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组主症、次症及总积分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血清PGⅠ、GAS水平均较治疗前降低,血清PGⅡ水平均较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组血清PGⅠ、GAS水平均明显低于对照组,血清PGⅡ水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后治疗组血清EGF水平较治疗前升高,VCAM-1水平较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组血清EGF水平较对照组明显升高,VCAM-1水平较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均无不良反应情况发生。结论制萎汤加减方联合四联法治疗CAG可明显改善患者临床症状、有效调节患者血清炎症因子、PGⅠ、PGⅡ、EGF及VCAM-1水平。

Bending Stiffness of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube and Its Influence on Concrete Placement Timing of Composite Beam-String Structure

When the upper chord beam of the beam-string structure(BSS)is made of concrete-filled steel tube(CFST),its overall stiffness will change greatly with the construction of concrete placement,which will have an impact on the design of the tensioning plans and selection of control measures for the BSS.In order to accurately obtain the bending stiffness of CFST beam and clarify its impact on the mechanical properties of composite BSS during construction,the influence of some factors such as height-width ratio,wall thickness of steel tube,elasticity modulus of concrete,and friction coefficient on the bending stiffness are analyzed parametrically by the numerical simulation technology based on an actual project.The calculation formula of the equivalent bending stiffness of CFST is also established through mathematical statistical simulation.Then,the equivalent bending stiffness is introduced into the construction and use stages of the composite BSS,respectively,and the mechanical properties such as prestress-tensioning control value,structural deformation,and internal force of key members are comparatively analyzed when adopting two different construction plans.Moreover,the optimal construction plan of concrete placement first and then prestress-tensioning is proposed.

Establishment of High-sensitivity Rapid Fluorescence Quantitative Detection Method for Antibody against Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a rapid quantitative method for detecting antibody against Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus(PPR V)in sheep serum.[Methods]Soluble N protein and NH fusion protein were obtained in Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system by optimizing codons and expression conditions of E.coli.Furthermore,based on the purified soluble N protein and NH fusion protein,a high-sensitivity fluorescence immunoassay kit for detecting the antibody against PPR V was established.[Results]The method could quickly and quantitatively detect PPR V antibody in sheep serum,with high sensitivity and specificity,without any cross reaction to other related sheep pathogens.The intra-batch and inter-batch coefficients of variation were less than 10%and 15%,respectively,and the method had good repeatability.Through detection on 292 clinical serum samples,it was compared with the French IDVET competitive ELISA kit,and the coincidence rate of the two methods reached 93.84%.Compared with the serum neutralization test,the detected titer value of the high-sensitivity rapid fluorescence quantitative detection method was basically consistent with the tilter value obtained by the neutralization test on the standard positive serum(provided by the WOAH Brucellosis Reference Laboratory of France).[Conclusions]This method can realize rapid quantitative detection of PPR V antibody on site,and has high practical value and popularization value.

拷贝数变异分析及染色体核型分析在发育迟缓与智力障碍儿童中的应用

目的探讨拷贝数变异分析及染色体核型分析在发育迟缓/智力障碍(DD/ID)儿童中的应用。方法对湖南省儿童医院连续649例DD/ID患儿进行染色体微阵列(CMA)检测。通过参考以前的报告或使用荧光原位杂交(FISH)及定量聚合酶链反应(q-PCR)进行的亲本检测结果来评估拷贝数变异(CNV)的致病性。结果649例DD/ID患儿中有110例检出致病性CNV,检出率为16.9%,其中包括长度为270 kb~30 Mb的100个缺失和31个重复。对66例患儿父母进行CMA检测,其中86.4%携带新生CNV。8例患儿的致病性CNV遗传自健康父母,具有平衡易位。在2p21p16.3、3p21.31、10p11.22、14q24.2和21q22.13位点验证了5个罕见报告的缺失。结论CMA检测在DD/ID患儿的基因诊断中具有临床实用性。CMA检测可作为所有DD/ID儿童的临床诊断检测。

Axial load-share ratio testing to assess the healing of open tibial fractures treated with the Taylor Spatial Frame

Background:The Taylor Spatial Frame(TSF)has gained popularity among orthopedic surgeons for treating open fractures.However,a key challenge is the timely and safe removal of the frame.This study assessed the efficacy and safety of axial load-share ratio(ALSR)testing to evaluate callus healing strength after TSF treatment of open tibial fractures.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted,analyzing 180 adult patients with open tibial fractures treated at Tianjin Hospital’s Orthopedic Limb Correction Unit between August 2019 and August 2022.All patients underwent TSF external fixation surgery,and were divided into two groups based on ALSR testing.Group I(92 patients)underwent ALSR testing,with frame removal if the test value fell below 5%.Traditional methods were used for fixator removal guidance in Group II(88 patients).Clinical outcomes,including fixation duration,complications after fixator removal,and Johner-Wruhs functional scores,were compared between the two groups.Results:The groups showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05)in sex,age,injury side,body mass index,surgery timing,or fracture type.Group I had a significantly shorter fixation duration(25.85±5.57 weeks)compared to Group II(31.82±6.98 weeks)(P<0.05).Following fixator removal,Group I demonstrated superior Johner-Wruhs scores compared to Group II,indicating better outcomes(P<0.05).Complication rates did not differ significantly between the groups at the last follow-up(P>0.05).Conclusion:Regular postoperative ALSR testing could safely and effectively guide TSF removal following open tibial fracture treatment.This method significantly reduced fixation duration compared to traditional guidance methods while maintaining efficacy and safety.

Antiviral Activity of the Effective Monomers from Folium Isatidis Against Influenza Virus in Vivo

In order to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of the effective monomer from Folium Isatidis (FI) in vivo,we established mice model with viral pneumonia and divided them into 3 different dose groups,then observed their lung indexes,pulmonary pathological changes,pulmonary virus hemagglitination titers,living time and death rates.The results showed that the monomer could reduce the pulmonary index from 2.64 to 1.93,1.63 and 1.40 (P<0.01) and decrease the hemagglitination titer from 1.15 to 0.84,0.70 and 0.59 (P<0.01).In addition,different groups of FI could significantly lessen the mortality rate from 100% to 30%,25% and 15%,and prolong the living time from 5.1d to 6.5d,8.4d and 8.9d respectively(P<0.01).The high dose (75 mg/kg/d) has the similar effect with 100 mg/kg/d dose of virazole(P>0.05),and more effective than 200 mg/kg/d dose of antiviral liquor (P<0.05).

农民对闲置宅基地和农房盘活利用的认知调研与对策探讨——以苏南桃源村为例

针对农村闲置宅基地和农房盘活利用问题,通过问卷调查和深度访谈,调研农民个体特征、利用意愿、评价建议等,对各因素进行相关性分析,挖掘农民对相关问题的认知机理,探究各个观察变量对潜变量的影响程度。结果表明:农民年龄、房屋建造年代、政策认知程度是影响农民利用意愿的显著因素,其中农民年龄、房屋建造年代对农民利用意愿有显著负向影响,政策认知程度有显著正向影响;农民的其他相关顾虑主要在安全、管理、投入、政策等方面。建议相关部门完善配套政策并强化宣传,树立典型并强化其示范作用,提供适当资金扶持,积极引入社会资本,完善乡村发展规划,规范宅基地流转市场,以此提升农民的积极性,促进农村人居环境改善和乡村振兴。

基于Fe(Ⅲ)和邻苯二胺显色反应快速检测硫化物

比较了不同金属离子(Fe^(2+)、Fe^(3+)、Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Al^(3+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、K^(+)、Ag^(+)、Cr^(3+))对邻苯二胺(OPD)的氧化能力,基于Fe^(3+)能直接氧化OPD产生黄色发荧光的产物而构建了Fe^(3+)-OPD显色体系。结合硫化物的还原性以及对金属离子较强的亲和性,开发了一种通过比色法选择性检测硫化物的方法。结果表明,在pH 4.0NaAc-HAc缓冲液中,Fe^(3+)-OPD显色体系的吸光度和荧光强度与NaHS的浓度分别在10~200μmol/L和5~150μmol/L范围内呈线性关系,荧光法的检出限可达0.1μmol/L,体系内其他还原性物质及硫醇对NaHS的检测无干扰。将Fe^(3+)-OPD显色体系结合纸芯片构建的纸基比色体系蓝色分析色道值(B值)与NaHS的浓度在20~150μmol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2μmol/L,并可用于定量检测加标自来水和胎牛血清中的硫化物。

我国“双师型”教师研究热点与演进趋势——基于CiteSpace可视化分析

“双师型”教师相关研究一直是职业教育的重要研究领域。通过对CNKI数据库中2000—2020年的高质量论文进行知识图谱分析,梳理当前“双师型”教师的科研热点和发展态势。结果表明,近20年间我国“双师型”教师研究热点经历了快速成长阶段、关键发展阶段、平稳发展阶段和新兴发展阶段的演化,形成了内涵研究、标准研究、建设研究等热点领域。

2~4 MPa燃气流量标准装置不确定度评估及验证

为了满足燃气流量仪表的溯源需求,基于标准表法建立一套燃气流量标准装置。该装置采用4台涡轮流量计作为标准表,可达到燃气压力2~4 MPa时,流量范围60~8600 m 3/h的测量能力。针对标准装置存在的标准表非定点使用和低温介质的问题,对其进行不确定度的评估及控制研究。基于NIM-2015模型非线性拟合技术控制标准表非定点使用的不确定度,该标准装置可提供标准流量的不确定度为0.26%(k=2)。在此基础上,建立天然气管道流动传热模型,发现增加预流动时间动态置换管容可实现装置温度动态平衡,提高测量重复性,装置可校准流量计的最优不确定度为0.32%(k=2)。

课程一致性视角下落实课程标准的单元教学设计模型构建

《义务教育物理课程标准(2022年版)》提出了核心素养课程目标,对教师的教学方式提出了新的要求。核心素养目标的落实需要采用单元教学的方式。课程一致性是单元教学设计的理论基础,逆向设计思路是单元教学设计的操作保障。为了使单元教学设计更好地落实课程标准,一方面要根据课程标准形成具有不同功能的教学目标,另一方面要选取适当的教学目标作为教学评价与教学任务设计的依据,以便加强教学目标、教学任务、教学评价三要素与课程标准之间的一致性关系。

区域选择性地电化学氧化自由基参与的邻位-(4+2)/原位-(3+2)环化

碳环化合物,特别是五元环和六元环骨架,广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性分子中.Diels-Alder环加成反应是构建这些功能型分子的有效方法,但其底物适用范围有限,且反应条件(如热、微波和过渡金属的使用)苛刻,限制了该方法的应用.自由基物种含有不成对的价电子,表现出高活性,在温和的反应条件下提供了新的反应途径.因此,自由基介导的反应为复杂环状分子的合成提供了一个新平台.然而,如何实现选择性自由基环化仍然是一个挑战.鲍德温规则为自由基物种与烯烃炔烃的加成提供了指导,研究人员设计并开发了一系列反应模式构建所需的五元和六元环分子.但是,自由基物种,特别是烷基和烯基与芳基之间选择性的邻位原位环化仍然不明确.本文利用苄基丙二酸酯为自由基源,烯烃和炔烃分别为自由基受体,分别获得烷基和烯基自由基中间体,并探究烷基自由基和烯基自由基与芳基之间的选择性环化.利用二茂铁介导的电化学氧化策略,进行了烷基/烯基自由基与芳基的选择性环化实验.结果表明,烷基自由基与芳环发生选择性邻位-(4+2)环化,烯基自由基与芳环发生选择性原位-(3+2)环化.理论研究结果表明,促进烯烃优先邻位加成的主要原因是有利的相互作用能;炔烃优先原位加成区域选择性由形变能量控制.重要的是,该策略被认为是鲍德温自由基环化规则的重要补充.此外,对二茂铁介导的电化学氧化苄基丙二酸酯的C-H键官能团化进行了深入的机理研究.自由基捕获实验证明了苄基丙二酸酯碳自由基的存在.循环伏安测试结果表明,苄基丙二酸酯碳负离子与二茂铁之间存在电子转移.阳极电势实验证明了二茂铁在该自由基反应中的作用;同位素实验揭示了螺环化合物氧的来源.本文合成了一系列四氢萘和螺环衍生物,表现出较好的底物适用范围和官能团耐受性,且该方法避免了化学氧化剂/碱/贵金属的使用、底物的预官能团化以及底物的过氧化.综上,本文为实现自由基的区域选择性环化提供了参考.

2型糖尿病与年龄相关性黄斑变性之间的因果关系:一项孟德尔随机化研究

目的:利用双样本孟德尔随机化(MR)分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)与年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)之间潜在的因果关系。方法:本研究提取FinnGen数据库中T2DM与ARMD数据,将逆方差加权(IVW)作为主要分析方法,MR-Egger回归和加权中位数(WM)作为补充方法分析二者之间的潜在关系,利用Cochran Q检验、MR-Egger回归截距进行敏感性分析,并将P值作为研究结果指标。结果:IVW分析显示,T2DM与渗出性ARMD之间存在因果关系(OR=1.14,95%CI 1.01~1.28,P=0.021),但与萎缩性ARMD的发病无明显关联(OR=0.96,95%CI 0.86~1.07,P=0.554)。敏感性分析结果证实结果不存在异质性及多效性,分析结果可靠。结论:T2DM与渗出性ARMD之间存在因果关系,由于ARMD具有高致盲率,认识和控制ARMD的危险因素对降低其患病率及早诊早治具有重要意义。

连续流动法测定土壤中有机质

建立连续流动化学分析法测定土壤中有机质含量。采用自动凯氏消化器对样品进行加热,使有机质在硫酸作用下被重铬酸钾氧化成二氧化碳和水,过量的重铬酸钾在酸性条件下,与1,5-二苯基碳酰二肼反应生成紫红色络合物,用连续流动化学分析仪测定。该法线性范围为0.4~2.0 g/L,线性相关系数为0.999 0,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.48%~2.85%(n=6),土壤标准物质测定值与标准值吻合。该法与NY/T 1121.6—2006方法对土壤中有机质的测定结果无显著性差异。