Furmonertinib re-challenge for epidermal growth factor receptormutant lung adenocarcinoma after osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease:A case report

BACKGROUND Most non-small cell lung cancer patients have epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)activating mutations,such as exon 19 deletion and exon 21 replacement mutations.Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors ap-proved for the treatment of lung cancer patients carrying EGFR activating mu-tations.Osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease(ILD)is a rare and poten-tially fatal pulmonary toxic manifestation of drug therapy.At present,there is no international consensus on the risks and treatment of the osimertinib-induced ILD.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 56-year-old woman who was diagnosed with lung adenocar-cinoma with lung hilum,mediastinal lymph nodes and brain metastases(T4N3-M1c stage IVB).The patient received targeted treatment with osimertinib after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.But she developed ILD after osimertinib treat-ment.Following active symptomatic treatment and hormone treatment,the lung injury alleviated.The patient was retreated with furmonertinib combined with prednisone and did not experience ILD again.So far,she has survived for 14 months without disease progression.CONCLUSION Retreatment with furmonertinib under prednisone could be considered as an effective therapeutic option after risk-benefit assessment for EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Ultra‑Efficient and Cost‑Effective Platinum Nanomembrane Electrocatalyst for Sustainable Hydrogen Production

Hydrogen production through hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)offers a promising solution to combat climate change by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources.However,the widespread adoption of efficient electrocatalysts,such as platinum(Pt),has been hindered by their high cost.In this study,we developed an easy-to-implement method to create ultrathin Pt nanomembranes,which catalyze HER at a cost significantly lower than commercial Pt/C and comparable to non-noble metal electrocatalysts.These Pt nanomembranes consist of highly distorted Pt nanocrystals and exhibit a heterogeneous elastic strain field,a characteristic rarely seen in conventional crystals.This unique feature results in significantly higher electrocatalytic efficiency than various forms of Pt electrocatalysts,including Pt/C,Pt foils,and numerous Pt singleatom or single-cluster catalysts.Our research offers a promising approach to develop highly efficient and cost-effective low-dimensional electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production,potentially addressing the challenges posed by the climate crisis.

Immunologic mechanism of fungal keratitis

Fungal keratitis(FK)is a refractory disease that poses a serious threat to vision,with common risk factors like eye trauma,contact lens wearing,topical corticosteroids and antibiotic abuse.Nowadays,topical and systemic anti-fungal drugs and ocular surgeries are still the main therapeutic modalities.However,the pathogenesis of FK,especially the immunologic mechanism within it,has not yet been deeply clarified.A better understanding of the pathogenesis of FK is imperative for more effective therapies and prognosis.Meanwhile,the immune protection strategies are also urgently required to manage FK.This review highlights recent advances in the immunologic mechanism in the pathogenesis of FK,in hope of providing valuable reference information for more effective anti-fungal treatment.

Preliminary study on aftershock decay rate of the 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake

We obtained a catalog of early aftershocks of the 2013 Lushan earthquake by examining waveform from a nearby station MDS which is 30.2 km far away from the epicenter, and then we analyzed the relation between aftershock rate and time. We used time-window ratio method to identify aftershocks from continuous waveform data and compare the result with the catalog provided by China Earthquake Networks Center （CENC）. As expected, a significant amount of earthquakes is missing in CENC catalog in the 24 h after the main shock. Moreover, we observed a steady seismicity rate of aftershocks nearly in the first 10,000 s before an obvious power-law decay of aftershock activity. We consider this distinct early stage which does not fit the Omori law with a constant p （p - 1） value as early aftershock deficiency （EAD）, as proposed by previous studies. Our study suggests that the main shock rupture process is different from aftershocks＇ processes, and EAD can vary in different cases as compared to earthquakes of strike-slip mechanism in California.

Water quality,natural chemical weathering and ecological risk assessment of the contaminated area of vanadium ore in Yinhua River,China:Evidence from major ions and trace elements

There are abundant vanadium ores in the Cambrian strata in southern Shaanxi,China.Many years of mining activities and surface leaching have polluted the surface water to a certain extent,but the researches on the water quality characteristics and pollution degree are relatively weak.This contribution was organized to investigate the surface water quality by general parameters,including TDS,Eh,pH,DO,TOC,COD,and EC,in the vanadium ore belt(Yinhua River basin).Major ions were determined to detect the water type and natural chemical weathering,while trace elements were used to illustrate their geochemical characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals.The study found that the surface water was weakly alkaline and mainly dominated from normal to pool grade.The particle size with1000–10,000 nm of suspended particles was the main carrier of organic matter.The concentration of HCO_(3)^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-)in the anions and Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)ions in the cations were relatively high,and the water type was Ca-Mg-HCO_(3)-SO_(4) type.Rock weathering had a great influence on surface water,and the weathering products were mainly silicate and carbonate.Compared with the Type river,the contents of V elements showed an obvious positive anomaly,which may be affected by mining activities of vanadium ore and the annual leaching of the tailings pond.As and Cd in the surface water was polluted seriously.The integrated pollution index suggested that the surface water pollution was serious,and the main stream was more serious with the increasing tailings ponds.

Time and department distribution of hypoglycemia occurrences in hospitalized diabetic patients

Hypoglycemia occurred on hospitalized patients would result in severe complications.So we monitored the blood glucose of hospitalized patients with diabetes in 14 clinical departments from January to December 2013.Totally 105728 cases of blood glucose were monitored and 1374 cases of hypoglycemia were detected.The incidence of hypoglycemia was 1.29%.Among which,317 cases of severe hypoglycemia were detected and the incidence of severe hypoglycemia was 0.29%.The peak periods of hypoglycemia were 0:00~2:00,22:00~24:00,2:00~4:00,8:00~10:00 and 10:00~12:00.The symptomatic hypoglycemia accounted for 47.01%,The asymptomatic hypoglycemia accounted for 52.98%.The incidence of hypoglycemia was 1.49%in medical departments and 0.87%in surgical departments.It is suggested to be vigilant of high risk periods of hypoglycemia,detect and treat asymptomatic hypoglycemia timely and rationally administer antidiabetics to prevent hypoglycemia.

A Superb Iron-Based Glassy-Crystal Alloy Fiber as an Ultrafast and Stable Catalyst for Advanced Oxidation

Waterborne organic pollutants pose significant threats to ecosystems and the health of billions worldwide,presenting a pressing global challenge.Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)offer promise for efficient wastewater treatment,yet the efficacy and the reliability of current environmental catalysts hinder their widespread adoption.This study developed an as-cast nanostructured glassy fiber capable of rapidly activating persulfate and achieved the degradation of diverse organic contaminants within 60 s using the as-prepared fiber.The material is relatively robust and can be reused about 40 times.The exceptional catalytic performance of the fibers stemmed from their low atomic coordination numbers,which facilitated the generation of numerous unsaturated active sites and accelerated radical production rates through a one-electron transfer mechanism.Additionally,the glassy-nanocrystalline heterogeneous interface,achieved through our proposed nanostructur-alization approach,exhibited electron delocalization behavior.This enhanced persulfate adsorption and reduced the energy barrier for heterolytic cleavage of peroxy bonds.These findings present a novel avenue for the rational structural design of high-performance environmental catalysts for advanced water remediation.

Frontiers in high entropy alloys and high entropy functional materials

Owing to their exceptional properties,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)and high-entropy materials have emerged as promising research areas and shown diverse applications.Here,the recent advances in the field are comprehensively reviewed,organized into five sections.The first section introduces the background of HEAs,covering their definition,significance,application prospects,basic properties,design principles,and microstructure.The subsequent section focuses on cutting-edge high-entropy structural materials,highlighting developments such as nanostructured alloys,grain boundary engineering,eutectic systems,cryogenic alloys,thin films,micro-nano-lattice structures,additive manufacturing,high entropy metallic glasses,nano-precipitate strengthened alloys,composition modulation,alloy fibers,and refractory systems.In the following section,the emphasis shifts to functional materials,exploring HEAs as catalysts,magneto-caloric materials,corrosion-resistant alloys,radiation-resistant alloys,hydrogen storage systems,and materials for biomedicine.Additionally,the review encompasses functional high-entropy materials outside the realm of alloys,including thermoelectric,quantum dots,nanooxide catalysts,energy storage materials,negative thermal expansion ceramics,and high-entropy wave absorption materials.The paper concludes with an outlook,discussing future directions and potential growth areas in the field.Through this comprehensive review,researchers,engineers,and scientists may gain valuable insights into the recent progress and opportunities for further exploration in the exciting domains of high-entropy alloys and functional materials.

手术切除与射频消融治疗血管周围型单发小肝癌临床疗效分析

目的探讨手术切除与射频消融(RFA)治疗血管周围型单发小肝癌临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院治疗的219例血管周围型单发小肝癌患者临床资料。其中男169例,女50例;年龄34~76岁,中位年龄55岁;肿瘤≤4 cm。121例患者行肝切除治疗(LR组),98例行RFA治疗(RFA组)。患者均签署知情同意书,符合医学伦理学规定。采用倾向性评分匹配(PSM)对患者进行1∶1匹配,分析PSM后两组术后肝内复发、肝外复发、无进展生存期(PFS)及总体生存期(OS)。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier和Log-rank检验。结果PSM后两组各60例患者,LR组术后1、3、5、7年PFS分别为93.7%、69.0%、58.0%、53.8%,RFA组相应为89.2%、45.4%、30.1%、14.1%,LR组术后PFS明显优于RFA组(HR=1.09,P<0.05)。LR组术后1、3、5、7年OS分别为99.4%、90.5%、89.4%、87.9%,RFA组相应为98.9%、89.3%、79.1%、74.1%,LR组术后OS亦明显优于RFA组(HR=1.35,P<0.05)。LR组术后1、3、5、7年累积肝内复发率分别为5.0%、20.1%、32.6%、40.1%,而RFA组相应为12.9%、40.3%、70.3%、78.7%,差异有统计学意义(HR=3.16,P<0.05)。LR组术后1、3、5、7年累积肝外复发率分别为1.2%、4.4%、7.8%、10.5%,RFA组相应为1.6%、6.6%、13.5%、16.9%,差异无统计学意义(HR=0.47,P>0.05)。亚组分析结果显示,LR组门静脉周围型肝癌患者肝内复发、肝外复发、PFS和OS均明显优于RFA组(HR=0.24,0.68,0.25,0.22;P<0.05);而LR组肝静脉周围型肝癌患者仅肝内复发优于RFA组(HR=0.16,P<0.05)。结论对于血管周围型单发小肝癌,手术切除提供了较RFA更好的长期肿瘤控制和OS,特别是对于门静脉周围型肝癌的患者,如果具备手术切除的条件,应将手术切除作为首选。

Non-noble metal-based amorphous high-entropy oxides as efficient and reliable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

Exploring high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts that are applicable in oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is crucial for water splitting and energy storage.In this work,a facile and scalable chemical reduction strategy is developed to synthesize FeCoNiPB non-noble metal-based amorphous high-entropy oxides for the OER in alkaline media.The FeCoNiPB oxides exhibit overpotentials of 235 and 306 mV at current densities of 10 and 100 mA/cm^(2),respectively,as well as a small Tafel slope of 53 mV/dec in 1.0 M KOH solution,outperforming the performance of FeCoPB,FeNiPB,and CoNiPB oxides and the commercial RuO_(2),while maintaining excellent stability with negligible overpotential amplification over 40 h.The superior OER electrocatalytic efficiency and stability of the FeCoNiPB catalyst is primarily attributed to its unique amorphous high-entropy nanostructure,synergistic effect of the multiple components,and in situ-formed amorphous sheets with a thin(FeCoNi)OOH crystalline layer on the edge during long-term OER.This work provides new insights to design and prepare low-cost,highly efficient,and durable OER electrocatalysts.

Tunable ultrathin dual-phase P-doped Bi_(2)MoO_(6) nanosheets for advanced lithium and sodium storage

The construction of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)has gradually been an appealing and attractive technology in energy storage research field.In the present work,a facile strategy of synthesizing ultrathin amorphous/nanocrystal dual-phase P-doped Bi_(2)MoO_(6)(denoted as P-BiMO)nanosheets via a one-step wet-chemical synthesis approach is explored.Quite distinct from conventional two-dimensional(2D)nanosheets,our newly developed ultrathin P-BiMO nanosheets exhibit a unique tunable amorphous/nanocrystalline dual-phase structure with several compelling advantages including fast ion exchange ability and superb volume change buffer capability.The experimental results reveal that our prepared P-BiMO-6 electrode delivers an excellent reversible capacity of 509.6 mA·g^(−1) after continuous 1,500 cycles at the current densities of 1,500 mA·g^(−1) and improved rate performance for LIBs.In the meanwhile,the P-BiMO-6 electrode also shows a reversible capacity of 300.6 mA·g^(−1) after 100 cycles at 50 mA·g^(−1) when being used as the SIBs electrodes.This present work uncovers an effective dual-phase nanosheet structure to improve the performance of batteries,providing an attractive paradigm to develop superior electrode materials.

Efficient nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts by electrochemical etching of partially crystallized Fe-based metallic glass ribbons

Although an increasing interest has been attracted to further develop heterostructured catalysts from metallic glasses(MGs) by heat treatment, overcoming surface oxidation effect is still a critical problem for such environmental catalysts. Herein, a short-time electrochemical etching of partially crystallized Febased ribbons in 0.3 M H3 PO4 electrolyte enables the formation of honeycomb-like nanoporous structure as effective catalytic active sites in Fenton-like process. Studies of structure and surface morphologies reveal that the formation of nanoporous structure by potentiostatic etching originates from electrochemical potential difference of nanocrystals(a-Fe(Si) and Fe2 B) and residual amorphous phase in partially crystallized ribbons, where Fe2 B having a lower open circuit potential tends to be selectively dissolved.Simultaneously, thin oxide layer after electrochemical etching exposes more active sites for H2 O2 activation and provides an effective protection of nanocrystals from massive loss during etching. Investigation of optimal processing conditions suggests that the selection of electrolyte plays an important role;dye degradation rates of etched ribbons in HNO3 and Na2 SO4 electrolytes can also achieve at least 2 times higher than that of as-annealed ribbons. This work holds the promise to develop novel environmental catalysts by effective electrochemical etching of partially crystallized ribbons.

Insights into the dual effects of Ti on the grain refinement and mechanical properties of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys

Hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys are becoming increasingly popular in automotive and aerospace engineering fields due to their excellent overall performance,and grain refinement is regarded as an important way to improve casting and mechanical properties.Titanium(Ti)is a basic element for grain refinement;thus,a certain amount of Ti is often included in Al-Si alloys.In the present work,the changes in the grain re-finement,mechanical,and casting properties of Al-Si alloys with different Ti concentration levels under various grain refinement conditions were systematically investigated.The specific roles of Ti in the het-erogeneous nucleation ofα-Al grains were summarized,and the formation mechanism of Ti-rich zones in Al-Si alloys was revealed.Excess Ti concentration could not efficiently reduce the grain size of Al-Si alloys and eventually resulted in inferior mechanical and casting qualities;hence,the recommended Ti concentration level for the aluminum alloy grades of A356 and A357 is≤0.1 wt%.Furthermore,an opti-mized technique for the grain refinement of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys was presented.A small amount of an Al-TCB master alloy was introduced to achieve the best grain refinement and mechanical properties in a trace Ti environment.The addition of 0.5 wt%of the Al-TCB master alloy at the Ti concentration level of 0.06 wt%increased the ultimate tensile strength,elongation,and quality index of the Al-7Si-0.45Mg alloy to 328.8±5.0 MPa,14.4%±0.6%,and 970.7±33.1 MPa,respectively.