基于二氧化碳矿化固定的碳利用技术研究

【目的】碳利用技术难题是氟硅新材料产业发展过程中亟待解决的难题。通过对二氧化碳矿化固定的碳利用技术进行研究,以期为开发适合高耗能行业的规模化CO_(2)利用技术提供参考。【方法】分析了CO_(2)矿化固定的原理、方法和应用,研究了CO_(2)养护反应系统和烟气CO_(2)直接矿化反应系统,用来实现建材预制构件制备和工业固废中的碱性废料处理。【结果】采用碳捕集、利用和封存(CCUS)技术进行CO_(2)矿化固定,能够实现大规模CO_(2)处理。在矿化固定技术的基础上,可建立碳利用技术开发测试平台,依托平台提供数据、方法、成套设备等方面的技术支撑。【结论】碳捕集、利用和封存(CCUS)技术在减缓气候变化和实现碳循环经济等方面具有潜力。

化妆品纳米原料物料属性及其功效相关性

随着纳米技术的发展,化妆品产业中纳米原料的应用也愈加广泛。文章基于欧盟法规中收录的化妆品纳米原料,结合欧盟消费者安全委员会(SCCS)的评估工作,重点总结了三联苯基三嗪、氧化锌、炭黑、二氧化钛、亚甲基双-苯并三唑基四甲基丁基酚等5种化妆品纳米原料的基本信息,梳理了其主要理化性质的一般表征方法及限度要求。进一步调研与化妆品纳米原料具有显著相关性的理化性质,以期明确影响化妆品纳米原料质量的关键物料属性,为相关产品的质量控制提供有益帮助。

LP油田沉降罐过渡带原油破乳脱水实验研究

LP油田沉降罐过渡带原油中含有起乳化作用的胶态FeS等成分,导致原油脱水困难,不能满足原油进后续电脱水器的要求;分析了过渡带原油物性、原油组分及采出水组成,对FeS脱除剂及破乳剂的筛选进行优化实验,重点研究了FeS脱除剂与破乳剂联合破乳效果及适应性。结果表明,筛选出的FeS脱除剂BLJ-01对FeS有很好的溶解效果,体积分数3%的FeS脱除剂BLJ-01和质量浓度800 mg/L的破乳剂X-75联合使用,55℃下可有效去除沉降罐过渡带原油中FeS,沉降罐过渡带原油脱水率达85.78%;BLJ-01与X-75配合使用适应性较强,对含水率超过40%的P2联合站沉降罐过渡带原油脱水率均可达80%以上,且在弱酸或弱碱性条件下都可以表现出优良的破乳效果,也适用于SJ站沉降罐过渡带原油的破乳脱水,并能显著降低破乳剂使用量。

12.6μm-Thick Asymmetric Composite Electrolyte with Superior Interfacial Stability for Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries

Solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs)show great promise in terms of high-energy-density and high-safety performance.However,there is an urgent need to address the compatibility of electrolytes with high-voltage cathodes/Li anodes,and to minimize the electrolyte thickness to achieve highenergy-density of SSLMBs.Herein,we develop an ultrathin(12.6μm)asymmetric composite solid-state electrolyte with ultralight areal density(1.69 mg cm^(−2))for SSLMBs.The electrolyte combining a garnet(LLZO)layer and a metal organic framework(MOF)layer,which are fabricated on both sides of the polyethylene(PE)separator separately by tape casting.The PE separator endows the electrolyte with flexibility and excellent mechanical properties.The LLZO layer on the cathode side ensures high chemical stability at high voltage.The MOF layer on the anode side achieves a stable electric field and uniform Li flux,thus promoting uniform Li^(+)deposition.Thanks to the well-designed structure,the Li symmetric battery exhibits an ultralong cycle life(5000 h),and high-voltage SSLMBs achieve stable cycle performance.The assembled pouch cells provided a gravimetric/volume energy density of 344.0 Wh kg^(−1)/773.1 Wh L^(−1).This simple operation allows for large-scale preparation,and the design concept of ultrathin asymmetric structure also reveals the future development direction of SSLMBs.

Bibliometric study of sepsis-associated liver injury from 2000 to 2023

BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated liver injury(SLI)is a severe and prevalent complication of sepsis.AIM To explore the literature on SLI via a bibliometric approach.METHODS Reviews and articles correlated with SLI published from January 1,2000 to October 28,2023 were searched from the Web of Science Core Collection.Then,the searched data were analyzed using VOSviewer,CiteSpace,and R language.RESULTS There were 787 publications involved in this paper,comprising 745 articles and 42 reviews.China,the United States,and Germany are the primary publication sources in this area.Studies related to SLI primarily focused on mechanisms of pathogenesis,as evidenced by analyzing keywords,references,and the counting of original research.These studies mainly involved tumor necrosis factor alpha,inflammation,oxidative stress,and nuclear factor-kappa B.CONCLUSION There is significant growth in the research on SLI.Current investigations primarily involve basic experiments that aimed at uncovering pathogenic mechanisms.According to the analyzed literature,the identified pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets serve as the foundation for translating findings from basic research to clinical applications.

Multi-Strategy Assisted Multi-Objective Whale Optimization Algorithm for Feature Selection

In classification problems,datasets often contain a large amount of features,but not all of them are relevant for accurate classification.In fact,irrelevant features may even hinder classification accuracy.Feature selection aims to alleviate this issue by minimizing the number of features in the subset while simultaneously minimizing the classification error rate.Single-objective optimization approaches employ an evaluation function designed as an aggregate function with a parameter,but the results obtained depend on the value of the parameter.To eliminate this parameter’s influence,the problem can be reformulated as a multi-objective optimization problem.The Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)is widely used in optimization problems because of its simplicity and easy implementation.In this paper,we propose a multi-strategy assisted multi-objective WOA(MSMOWOA)to address feature selection.To enhance the algorithm’s search ability,we integrate multiple strategies such as Levy flight,Grey Wolf Optimizer,and adaptive mutation into it.Additionally,we utilize an external repository to store non-dominant solution sets and grid technology is used to maintain diversity.Results on fourteen University of California Irvine(UCI)datasets demonstrate that our proposed method effectively removes redundant features and improves classification performance.The source code can be accessed from the website:https://github.com/zc0315/MSMOWOA.

Recent advances in keratinase production via protein engineering,breeding,and fermentation

The gene editing and synthetic biological tools have led to the implementation of diverse metabolic engineering approaches to enhance the production of specific enzymes.Microbial keratinases can convert keratin wastes into valuable compounds for mankind.Since the market for keratinases cannot be satisfied by production from wild hosts,it is obligatory to develop hosts with high keratinase yields.The intention of this review is to evaluate microbial keratinase advancement through protein engineering,breeding techniques,and fermentation optimization.The main aim of protein engineering is to improve the heat resistance ability and catalytic activity of keratinases by employing mutagenesis methods.Moreover,modifying the expression elements and host engineering are also two unique ways to augment the keratinase yield.Intending to accelerate the production of modified keratinase,this review attempts to highlight the optimization of expression elements,such as promoter engineering,UTR,signal peptide,and codon optimization.Moreover,the approaches of host engineering including strengthening precursor supply,membrane surface engineering,and optimization of secretion pathways were also explained here.Furthermore,it is also essential to optimize the medium composition and fermentation condition for high keratinase yield.This review also addressed the present advancements,difficulties,and tendencies in the field of microbial keratinase production,along with its potential.

Performance Limits and Advancements in Single 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Transistor

Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)allow for atomic-scale manipulation,challenging the conventional limitations of semiconductor materials.This capability may overcome the short-channel effect,sparking significant advancements in electronic devices that utilize 2D TMDs.Exploring the dimension and performance limits of transistors based on 2D TMDs has gained substantial importance.This review provides a comprehensive investigation into these limits of the single 2D-TMD transistor.It delves into the impacts of miniaturization,including the reduction of channel length,gate length,source/drain contact length,and dielectric thickness on transistor operation and performance.In addition,this review provides a detailed analysis of performance parameters such as source/drain contact resistance,subthreshold swing,hysteresis loop,carrier mobility,on/off ratio,and the development of p-type and single logic transistors.This review details the two logical expressions of the single 2D-TMD logic transistor,including current and voltage.It also emphasizes the role of 2D TMD-based transistors as memory devices,focusing on enhancing memory operation speed,endurance,data retention,and extinction ratio,as well as reducing energy consumption in memory devices functioning as artificial synapses.This review demonstrates the two calculating methods for dynamic energy consumption of 2D synaptic devices.This review not only summarizes the current state of the art in this field but also highlights potential future research directions and applications.It underscores the anticipated challenges,opportunities,and potential solutions in navigating the dimension and performance boundaries of 2D transistors.

A review on electrocatalytic CO_(2) conversion via C-C and C-N coupling

Electrochemical C-C and C-N coupling reactions with the conversion of abundant and inexpensive small molecules,such as CO_(2) and nitrogencontaining species,are considered a promising route for increasing the value of CO_(2) reduction products.The development of high-performance catalysts is the key to the both electrocatalytic reactions.In this review,we present a systematic summary of the reaction systems for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction,along with the coupling mechanisms of C-C and C-N bonds over outstanding electrocatalytic materials recently developed.The key intermediate species and reaction pathways related to the coupling as well as the catalyst-structure relationship will be also discussed,aiming to provide insights and guidance for designing efficient CO_(2) reduction systems.

General and specialized metabolites in peanut roots regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Arbuscular mycorrhizae(AM)fungi form symbiotic associations with plant roots,providing nutritional benefits and promoting plant growth and defenses against various stresses.Metabolic changes in the roots during AM fungal colonization are key to understanding the development and maintenance of these symbioses.Here,we investigated metabolic changes in the roots of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)plants during the colonization and development of AM symbiosis,and compared them to uncolonized roots.The primary changes during the initial stage of AM colonization were in the contents and compositions of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid compounds.These compounds function in signaling pathways that regulate recognition,interactions,and pre-colonization between roots and AM fungi.Flavonoid compounds decreased by 25%when the symbiosis was fully established compared to the initial colonization stage.After AM symbiosis was established,general metabolism strongly shifted toward the formation of lipids,amino acids,carboxylic acids,and carbohydrates.Lipid compounds increased by 8.5%from the pre-symbiotic stage to well-established symbiosis.Lyso-phosphatidylcholines,which are signaling compounds,were only present in AM roots,and decreased in content after the symbiosis was established.In the initial stage of AM establishment,the content of salicylic acid increased two-fold,whereas jasmonic acid and abscisic acid decreased compared to uncolonized roots.The jasmonic acid content decreased in roots after the symbiosis was well established.AM symbiosis was associated with high levels of calcium,magnesium,and D-(+)-mannose,which stimulated seedling growth.Overall,specific metabolites that favor the establishment of AM symbiosis were common in the roots,primarily during early colonization,whereas general metabolism was strongly altered when AM symbiosis was well-established.In conclusion,specialized metabolites function as signaling compounds to establish AM symbiosis.These compounds are no longer produced after the symbiosis between the roots and AM becomes fully established.

Finite Temperature Magnetism in the Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet KErTe_(2)

After the discovery of the ARECh_(2)(A=alkali or monovalent ions,RE=rare-earth,Ch=chalcogen)triangular lattice quantum spin liquid(QSL)family,a series of its oxide,sulfide,and selenide counterparts has been consistently reported and extensively investigated.While KErTe_(2) represents the initial synthesized telluride member,preserving its triangular spin lattice,it was anticipated that the substantial tellurium ions could impart more pronounced magnetic attributes and electronic structures to this material class.This study delves into the magnetism of KErTe_(2) at finite temperatures through magnetization and electron spin resonance(ESR)measurements.Based on the angular momentum J after spin-orbit coupling(SOC)and symmetry analysis,we obtain the magnetic effective Hamiltonian to describe the magnetism of Er^(3+)in R3m space group.Applying the mean-field approximation to the Hamiltonian,we can simulate the magnetization and magnetic heat capacity of KErTe_(2) in paramagnetic state and determine the crystalline electric field(CEF)parameters and partial exchange interactions.The relatively narrow energy gaps between the CEF ground state and excited states exert a significant influence on the magnetism.For example,small CEF excitations can result in a significant broadening of the ESR linewidth at 2 K.For the fitted exchange interactions,although the values are small,given a large angular momentum J=15/2 after SOC,they still have a noticeable effect at finite temperatures.Notably,the heat capacity data under different magnetic fields along the𝑐axis direction also roughly match our calculated results,further validating the reliability of our analytical approach.These derived parameters serve as crucial tools for future investigations into the ground state magnetism of KErTe_(2).The findings presented herein lay a foundation for exploration of the intricate magnetism within the triangular-lattice delafossite family.

Rare-Earth Chalcogenides:An Inspiring Playground for Exploring Frustrated Magnetism

The rare-earth chalcogenide ARECh_(2) family(A=alkali metal or monovalent ions,RE=rare earth,Ch=chalcogen)has emerged as a paradigmatic platform for studying frustrated magnetism on a triangular lattice.The family members exhibit a variety of ground states,from quantum spin liquid to exotic ordered phases,providing fascinating insight into quantum magnetism.Their simple crystal structure and chemical tunability enable systematic exploration of competing interactions in quantum magnets.Recent neutron scattering and thermodynamic studies have revealed rich phase diagrams and unusual excitations,refining theoretical models of frustrated systems.This review provides a succinct introduction to ARECh_(2)research.It summarizes key findings on crystal structures,single-ion physics,magnetic Hamiltonians,ground states,and low-energy excitations.By highlighting current developments and open questions,we aim to catalyze further exploration and deeper physical understanding on this frontier of quantum magnetism.

Risk factors for recurrence of common bile duct stones after surgical treatment and effect of ursodeoxycholic acid intervention

BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an accurate diagnostic method for choledocholithiasis and treatment option for stone removal.Additionally,ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)can dissolve cholesterol stones and prevent their development and reappearance by lowering the cholesterol concen-tration in bile.Despite these treatment options,there are still patients who experience stone recurrence.The clinical data of 100 patients with choledochal stones who were hospitalized at the Yixing People’s Hospital and underwent ERCP for successful stone extraction between June 2020 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected.According to the post-ERCP treatment plan,100 patients were classified into UDCA(n=47)and control(n=53)groups.We aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and rate of relapse in the two patient populations.We then collected information(basic demographic data,clinical characteristics,and serum biochemical indicators)and determined the factors contributing to relapse using logistic regression analysis.Our secondary goal was to determine the effects of UDCA on liver function after ERCP.Compared to the control group,the UDCA group demonstrated a higher clinical effectiveness rate of 92.45%vs 78.72%(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed in liver function indices,including total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,and aspartate aminotransferase,between the two groups before treatment.After treatment,all liver function indices were significantly reduced.Comparing the control vs UDCA groups,the UDCA group exhibited significantly lower levels of all indices(55.39±6.53 vs 77.31±8.52,32.10±4.62 vs 45.39±5.69,142.32±14.21 vs 189.63±16.87,112.52±14.25 vs 149.36±15.36,122.61±16.00 vs 171.33±22.09,96.98±10.44 vs 121.35±11.57,respectively,all P<0.05).The stone recurrence rate was lower in the UDCA group(13.21%)in contrast with the control group(44.68%).Periampullary diverticula(OR:6.00,95%CI:1.69-21.30),maximum stone diameter(OR:1.69,95%CI:1.01-2.85),stone quantity>3(OR:4.23,95%CI:1.17-15.26),and positive bile culture(OR:7.61,95%CI:2.07-27.91)were independent factors that influenced the relapse of common bile duct stones after ERCP(P<0.05).Furthermore,postoperative UDCA was identified as a preventive factor(OR:0.07;95%CI:0.08-0.09).CONCLUSION The intervention effect of UDCA after ERCP for common bile duct stones is adequate,providing new research directions and references for the prevention and treatment of stone recurrence.

Protecting Protectors:Smartphone-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Mental Health in the Chinese Police

Background:The mental health challenges faced by police officers due to high-stress work environments necessitate effective interventions.Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)has shown promise in addressing mental health issues,and this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy(SCBT)in improving mental health outcomes among police officers.This intervention could provide a reference for enhancing mental health literacy and resilience in this population.Methods:A randomized controlled trial(RCT)design was employed,involving 291 police officers who were randomly assigned to either the SCBT intervention group(n=145)or the control group(n=146).Participants completed pre-and post-intervention assessments using the Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),which measures multiple psychological symptoms including somatization,obsessive-compulsiveness,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation,and psychoticism.Statistical analyses were conducted to examine group differences in symptom severity and effect sizes.Results:Post-intervention results indicated significant reductions in somatization,obsessivecompulsiveness,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation,and psychoticism,with large effect sizes observed in the intervention group.Notably,the intervention group showed significantly greater improvements compared to the control group,particularly in overall psychological distress as measured by the total SCL-90 score.However,significant reductions in interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation were also observed in the control group,suggesting external factors may have influenced these dimensions.Conclusion:SCBT demonstrated efficacy in reducing psychological distress among police officers,offering a flexible and accessible mental health intervention.However,challenges such as high dropout rates and the complex,dynamic nature of mental health warrant further investigation.Future studies should explore targeted interventions for specific behavioral issues and consider SCBT as a supplementary tool alongside traditional psychotherapy.

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性的相关影响因素分析

目的:探究影响腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,LRP)后切缘阳性(positive surgical margin,PSM)的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年12月177例于北京大学第一医院行LRP患者的临床资料,将患者分为术后PSM和切缘阴性组,分析各组不同的年龄、前列腺体积、穿刺前血清前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen,PSA)值、穿刺阳性针数及其百分比、穿刺及术后病理的Gleason评分和术后病理T分期对术后切缘的影响。结果:177例患者中,患者术后PSM的阳性率为32.2%(57/177)。患者年龄、前列腺体积、穿刺前血清PSA值、穿刺及术后病理的Gleason评分与术后PSM之间无显著相关性(P>0.05)。穿刺阳性针数及其百分比、术后病理不同T分期的术后PSM与切缘阴性进行比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示,术后病理T分期是PSM的独立危险因素(OR为1.616,95%CI为1.062～2.459,P<0.05)。结论:LRP后PSM与前列腺穿刺阳性针数及其百分比、术后病理T分期之间具有相关性,且术后病理T分期是其独立危险因素。

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Chongqing,China,2014-2021

Background:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella epidemics in Chongqing Municipality from 2014 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of varicella prevention and control measures.Methods:Data on the incidence of varicella outbreaks and vaccination data in Chongqing from 2014 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and statistically analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results:From 2014 to 2021,213,715 cases of varicella were reported in Chongqing Municipality,with an average annual incidence rate of 86.26/100,000,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=24,972.069,P<0.001);varicella incidence is seasonal,with peaks in May/June and October/December each year,presenting a“double-peak distribution”.The average annual incidence rate of varicella in municipal districts was 90.74/100,000,which was higher than that of counties 69.62/100,000 and autonomous counties 84.04/100,000;the average annual incidence rate of varicella in males was 89.37/100,000,and in females,82.22/100,000,with the difference not being statistically significant;the age of onset of the disease was mainly in the group of people under 15 years of age,with a total of 190,021 cases reported(88.9%),with 5-9 years old(35.7%)as the high incidence age group.The incidence occupation was dominated by students in 133,733 cases(62.6%).Conclusion:The overall varicella epidemic in Chongqing is on the rise,and has obvious seasonal,regional and population distribution characteristics.The prevention and control of varicella epidemic should be strengthened,the publicity of varicella vaccine should be increased,and it is recommended that varicella vaccine should be included in the national immunization program.

某高校医学硕士研究生心理健康问题现状及对策研究

目的:分析“医教协同”背景下医学硕士研究生心理健康问题现状,探讨开展医学生心理健康教育的对策。方法:选取某高校医学硕士研究生作为研究对象,进行问卷调查及统计分析,对影响因素进行调查分析,并制定相应的对策。结果:(1)医学硕士研究生存在心理健康问题最高和最低的因子分别是强迫症状和恐怖,检出率分别为9.06%、1.29%。(2)不同年级的医学硕士研究生均存在抑郁、焦虑等心理健康问题,其中2014级焦虑发生率最高(1.75%),2013级抑郁发生率最高(17.95%);心理健康问题最为严重的是2013级,检出率为10.20%。(3)医学硕士研究生SCL-90各个因子评分均低于常模组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:医学硕士研究生面临着不同心理健康问题,只有社会、学校、导师等各方面给予支持和关爱,才能为其提供良好的成长环境。

ATAC-seq在复杂疾病研究中的应用进展

染色质转座酶可及性测序(assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing,ATAC-seq)是利用Tn5转座酶研究染色质可及性的高通量测序技术。ATAC-seq可以在全基因组范围内绘制染色质可及性图谱,揭示转录因子结合位点以及核小体的位置。在医学领域,ATAC-seq技术是研究重大疾病发病机制、药物作用机制、新药研发和生物标志物功能等的新一代有力工具。本文对ATAC-seq技术的优势及其在复杂疾病研究中的应用和前景进行了综述,以期为人类复杂疾病基因表达调控机制等相关研究的开展提供借鉴与参考。

从社会分层到文化消费分层:基于职业视角的考察

本文以个体的职业状态作为切入视角,探究社会分层如何影响文化消费分层。通过对中国社会综合调查(CGSS)2015的实证数据进行分析,研究发现:1)不同职业地位群体的职业收入、工作时间以及文化消费呈现出显著的组间差异。2)总体而言,职业收入越高、工作时间越短、职业地位越高,则文化消费行为越频繁。3)职业地位调节了工作时间对文化消费的影响。4)职业收入、工作时间以及职业地位存在三向交互作用,协同作用于文化消费。

基于密度的不规则网络多跳定位算法

针对不规则网络中定位算法性能低下的问题,该文提出了一种基于密度的多跳定位算法。首先,算法在网络初始化阶段,利用局部连接信息获取节点间的估计距离;其次,算法在估计距离误差的帮助下推导出最优加权矩阵,并以此消除累积误差的影响;最后,算法在几何分析的基础上避免并纠正了异常的估计位置。实验和分析均表明,该文算法在不规则网络中具有很高的定位性能。