Surplus dietary isoleucine intake enhanced monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis and fat accumulation in skeletal muscle of finishing pigs

Background: Isoleucine(Ile) has been implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis and adipogenesis.However,the impact of surplus dietary Ile intake on muscle lipogenesis remains unknown.The present study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation of extra-Ile on lipogenesis,fatty acid profile and lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle in finishing pigs.Methods: Forty-eight barrows with initial body weight of 77.0 ± 0.1 kg were allotted to one of two groups and fed diets containing 0.39%,0.53% standardized ileal digestible(SID) Ile with six replicates per treatment and four pigs per replicate for 30 d.Results: Dietary Ile intake significantly improved the intramuscular fat(IMF) content and monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) concentration in the skeletal muscle(P < 0.05),and decreased the drip loss and shear force(P < 0.05) without influencing the growth performance of pigs(P > 0.05).Moreover,the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase α(AMPKα) and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC) proteins that monitor lipid metabolism were decreased in skeletal muscle of pigs offered extra-Ile diet(P < 0.05).The mRNA expression of adipose-specific genes adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1(ADD1),fatty acid synthase(FAS),and stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD) were upregulated and the activity of SCD was increased as well(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Surplus dietary Ile intake could increase IMF accumulation and MUFA synthesis in skeletal muscle through depressing the phosphorylation of AMPKα-ACC and stimulating the expression and activity of SCD,and increasing the capability of lipogenesis in skeletal muscle.

Primary NK/T cell lymphoma of the testis:A case report and review of the literature

Objective： To study the clinical and pathological features of primary NK/T cell lymphoma of testis and to investigate the effective diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods： The surgical specimens of a patient with primary NK/T cell lymphoma of the testis were observed by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and examined by the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） for Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） DNA and T-cell receptor （TCR） gene rearrangement, and the literature were reviewed. Results： The patient presented with left-sided painless testicular enlargement and the lymphoma had a propensity to spread to the contralateral testis, spleen, central nervous system, and so on. The neoplastic cells were positive for CD56, CD45R0 and CD3ε, while the expressions of CD20, CD79α, CD5, Bcl-2 and PLAP were negative. In addition, the EBV DNA was detected in the lymphoma by PCR. And the results of gene rearrangement studies for the y chain of the T-cell receptor were negative. The pathological diagnosis was NK/T cell lymphoma of the left testis. Conclusion： Primary NK/T cell lymphoma of the testis is a rare entity and progressed rapidly. The histopathological, immunohistochemical, EBV examination and TCR gene rearrangement studies should be carried out as soon as possible in order to get the defined diagnosis. Currently, the therapeutic efficacy is poor and the new measures should be investigated to improve the survival rate.

Effects of phytonutrients on growth performance, antioxidative status,and energy utilization of broilers fed low energy diets

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phytonutrients(PN)on growth performance.antioxidant status,intestinal morphology,and nutrient utilization of birds fed low energy diets.In Exp.1.a total of 1.440 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups,with 16 replicates per treatment(48 pens;30 birds per pen).Birds in treatment 1 were fed diets with normal energy content(NE).Birds in treatment 2 were fed NE diet but with 60 kcal removed(LE).Birds in treatment 3 were assigned to LE diet supplemented with PN(LE + PN).Results indicated that LE diet increased feed conversion ratio(FCR)compared with NE from d 1 to 38.while LE + PN diet prevented this response(P= 0.02).At d 26.birds in the LE + PN group had the highest ileal and jejunal villus height to crypt depth(VH:CD)ratio.At d 39.PN supplementation improved ileal and jejunal VH:CD ratio,compared with LE group.Moreover,birds fed PN diets received a better economic profit,In Exp.2,360 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were used in a metabolism study.The treatments used in Exp.2 were the same as those in Exp.1,with 4 replicates(pens)and 30 birds in each replicate.Dietary apparent metabolism energy(AME),energy and protein digestibility were determined between 21 and 28 d of age.Results showed that chickens fed LE + PN diet tended to have greater AME(P= 0.02)and nictrogen-corrected apparent metabolism energy(AMEn)(P= 0.03)than birds fed LE diets.It was concluded that LE+ PN showed a potential advantage to improve feed conversion and gut health of broilers,as well as economic profits.