Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury:PERK as a potential target for intervention

Several studies have shown that activation of unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress plays a crucial role in severe cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Autophagy occurs within hours after cerebral ischemia,but the relationship between ER stress and autophagy remains unclear.In this study,we established experimental models using oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in PC12 cells and primary neurons to simulate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.We found that prolongation of oxygen-glucose deprivation activated the ER stress pathway protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha(e IF2α)-activating transcription factor 4(ATF4)-C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP),increased neuronal apoptosis,and induced autophagy.Furthermore,inhibition of ER stress using inhibitors or by si RNA knockdown of the PERK gene significantly attenuated excessive autophagy and neuronal apoptosis,indicating an interaction between autophagy and ER stress and suggesting PERK as an essential target for regulating autophagy.Blocking autophagy with chloroquine exacerbated ER stress-induced apoptosis,indicating that normal levels of autophagy play a protective role in neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Findings from this study indicate that cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury can trigger neuronal ER stress and promote autophagy,and suggest that PERK is a possible target for inhibiting excessive autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

科举制传统和家庭股票市场参与

历史因素会对当前的经济结果产生重要作用,但尚未有文献探索科举制传统对家庭金融市场参与的长期影响。使用清代的进士密度代理科举制,我们发现科举制传统深厚地区的家庭当前的股市参与概率和参与深度更低。使用清代到最近的印刷中心的距离作为进士密度的工具变量,我们验证了科举制传统与股市参与之间关系的稳健性。我们同时识别了背后可能的作用机制是对金融教育消极的态度和金融知识的欠缺,而不是非认知能力和风险态度的改变。

Stereotactic surgery for refractory epilepsy complicated by mental disorders A retrospective case analysis

BACKGROUND： Anti-epilepsy and anti-psychosis drugs have traditionally been used in the clinic to treat epilepsy complicated by mental disorders. However, there is still no effective therapy for refractory epilepsy patients suffering from persistent mental disorders. OBJECTIVE： To explore the therapeutic effects of stereotactic multi-element localization and multi-target radiofrequency ablation on patients with refractory primary epilepsy and mental disorders. DESIGN： A retrospective case analysis. SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery, the 454 Hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS： Between June and November 2004, 13 patients with refractory primary epilepsy complicated by persistent mental disorders were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the 454 Hospital of Chinese PLA. The patient group consisted of nine males and four females, with an average age of 25 years （range 18-39 years）, and a course of disease ranging 3-11 years. Diagnosis of mental disorders was in accordance with Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and their families, and the treatment protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital. METHODS： Under venous inhalation anesthesia, the disease targets, including bilateral corpus callosum, bilateral amygdala, and bilateral medial septal area, as well as unilateral Forel-H area, were coagulated by RFG-3CF radiofrequency thermocoagnlation at 75-80 ℃ for 60-70 seconds. During thermocoagulation, the targets were identified using deep-brain microelectrodes and localized according to electrophysiology and electric resistance values. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： One year post-surgery, epileptic seizures were assessed on the basis of the Tan classification, and psychogenic （non-epileptic） seizures were evaluated using a 5-grade system. RESULTS： All enrolled 13 epileptic patients were included in the final analysis. The results of follow-up evaluations demonstrated that epilepsy was well-controlled. In total, nine patients did not experience relapse, and the frequency of seizures was reduced by 75% in two patients, and 50%-74% in another two patients. Psychogenic seizures were ameliorated in 11 cases （class 1, recovery） and improved significantly in two cases （class 2, significant improvement）. CONCLUSION： Radiofrequency ablation of bilateral corpus callosum, bilateral amygdala, bilateral medial septal area, and unilateral Forel-H area exhibits certain efficacy in treating epileptic patients suffering from persistent mental disorders.

线上销售、市场反应与未来股票收益

本文基于A股市场的消费行业上市公司检验线上销售数据对未来股票收益的预测作用。研究发现,月度线上销售额的同比增长率能预测下个月的股票收益率,且基于线上销售额增长率构建的日历投资组合具有显著的超额收益。本文进一步实证分析了线上销售数据具有预测作用的两个条件:线上销售数据含有与公司经营业绩相关的信息、股票价格不能对这些信息及时反应。研究发现,线上销售额同比增长率能够显著预测公司营业收入的增长和盈利能力的变化,并且日历投资组合的收益率在组合构建后的第二周最高,即市场对线上销售信息的反应有滞后性。此外,本文也发现线上销售数据包含了影响股票定价的传统财务信息之外的新信息。本文的结论对于理解线上销售数据等另类数据在资本市场中发挥的作用和市场有效性具有重要意义。

Ni-catalyzed carbon–carbon bonds cleavage of mixed polyolefin plastics waste

The inert carbon–carbon(C–C) bonds cleavage is a main bottleneck in the chemical upcycling of recalcitrant polyolefin plastics waste. Here we develop an efficient strategy to catalyze the complete cleavage of C–C bonds in mixed polyolefin plastics over non-noble metal catalysts under mild conditions. The nickelbased catalyst involving Ni_(2)Al_(3) phase enables the direct transformation of mixed polyolefin plastics into natural gas, and the gas carbon yield reaches up to 89.6%. Reaction pathway investigation reveals that natural gas comes from the stepwise catalytic cleavage of C–C bonds in polypropylene, and the catalyst prefers catalytic cleavage of terminal C–C bond in the side-chain with the low energy barrier.Additionally, our developed approach is evaluated by the technical economic analysis for an economically competitive production process.

Research on the Properties of a Surface-Type Infrared Decoy and Effect of Multiple Launching

To study the properties of a new surface-type infrared decoy,the numerical dispersion model and the infrared radiance model of the plates are established. In addition,the temperature of a single plate was measured during combustion experiment,and the spatial position and infrared radiance of each plate are calculated in plate cloud by the two models respectively. Furthermore,the radar images of the plate cloud are simulated and analyzed in dependence of time and direction for single and multiple launching. The result shows that the surface-type infrared decoy can be a point source of interference when the missile is remote tracking. In the meanwhile,the plates cloud shelters the infrared characteristics of the plume and jets of aircraft when the missile is on IR imaging guidance mode. Moreover,With the analysis of the plate cloud dispersion at different intervals and the infrared radiation intensity in the case of different launching number,it can be concluded that a comfortable launching interval can maintain a continuous plate cloud,launching the decoys simultaneously increase the increment of the radiation intensity obviously,the multiple launching is an effective way to enhance the interference property of the decoy.

Te-free SbBi thin film as a laser heat-mode photoresist

A Te-free binary phase change material Sb Bi is proposed as a new inorganic photoresist for heat-mode lithography. It shows good film-forming ability(surface roughness <1 nm), low threshold power for crystallization(2 m W), and high etching selectivity(15:1). Line-type, dot-type, and complex pattern structures with the smallest feature size of 275 nm are fabricated on Sb Bi thin films using a 405 nm diode laser direct writing system. In addition, the excellent grating structures with a period of 0.8 μm demonstrate that thermal interference does not affect the adjacent microstructures obviously. These results indicate that Sb Bi is a promising laser heat-mode resist material for micro/nanostructure fabrication.

A novel task-oriented framework for dual-arm robotic assembly task

In industrial manufacturing,the deployment of dual-arm robots in assembly tasks has become a trend.However,making the dual-arm robots more intelligent in such applications is still an open,challenging issue.This paper proposes a novel framework that combines task-oriented motion planning with visual perception to facilitate robot deployment from perception to execution and finish assembly problems by using dual-arm robots.In this framework,visual perception is first employed to track the effects of the robot behaviors and observe states of the workpieces,where the performance of tasks can be abstracted as a high-level state for intelligent reasoning.The assembly task and manipulation sequences can be obtained by analyzing and reasoning the state transition trajectory of the environment as well as the workpieces.Next,the corresponding assembly manipulation can be generated and parameterized according to the differences between adjacent states by combining with the prebuilt knowledge of the scenarios.Experiments are set up with a dual-arm robotic system(ABB YuMi and an RGB-D camera)to validate the proposed framework.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and the promising value of its practical application.