Enriched environment upregulates growth-associated protein 43 expression in the hippocampus and enhances cognitive abilities in prenatally stressed rat offspring

In our previous study, we reported that prenatal restraint stress could induce cognitive deficits, which correlated with a change in expression of growth-associated protein 43 in the hippocampus. In this study, we investigated the effects of enriched environment on cognitive abilities in prenatally stressed rat offspring, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot assay results revealed that growth-associated protein 43 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated on postnatal day 15 in the prenatal restraint stress group. Growth-associated protein 43 expression was significantly lower in the prenatal restraint stress group compared with the negative control and prenatal restraint stress plus enriched environment groups on postnatal days 30 and 50. Morris water maze test demonstrated that cognitive abilities were noticeably increased in rats from the prenatal restraint stress plus enriched environment group on postnatal day 50. These results indicate that enriched environment can improve the spatial learning and memory ability of prenatally stressed offspring by upregulating growth-associated protein 43 expression.

Generative Adversarial Networks Based Digital Twin Channel Modeling for Intelligent Communication Networks

Integration of digital twin(DT)and wireless channel provides new solution of channel modeling and simulation,and can assist to design,optimize and evaluate intelligent wireless communication system and networks.With DT channel modeling,the generated channel data can be closer to realistic channel measurements without requiring a prior channel model,and amount of channel data can be significantly increased.Artificial intelligence(AI)based modeling approach shows outstanding performance to solve such problems.In this work,a channel modeling method based on generative adversarial networks is proposed for DT channel,which can generate identical statistical distribution with measured channel.Model validation is conducted by comparing DT channel characteristics with measurements,and results show that DT channel leads to fairly good agreement with measured channel.Finally,a link-layer simulation is implemented based on DT channel.It is found that the proposed DT channel model can be well used to conduct link-layer simulation and its performance is comparable to using measurement data.The observations and results can facilitate the development of DT channel modeling and provide new thoughts for DT channel applications,as well as improving the performance and reliability of intelligent communication networking.

A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 in neuronal maturation and gliogenesis during cortex development

The multiple-layer structure of the cerebral cortex is important for its functions. Such a structure is generated based on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells. Notch functions as a molecular switch for neural stem/progenitor cell fate during cortex development but the mechanism remains unclear. Biochemical and cellular studies showed that Notch receptor activation induces several proteases to release the Notch intracellular domain （NICD）. A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 10 （ADAM10） might be a physiological rate-limiting $2 enzyme for Notch activation. Nestin-driven conditional ADAM10 knockout in mouse cortex showed that ADAM10 is cdtical for maintenance of the neural stem cell population during early embryonic cortex development. However, the expression pattern and function of ADAM10 during later cerebral cortex development remains poorly understood. We performed in situ hybridization for ADAMIO mRNA and immunofluorescent analysis to determine the expression of ADAM10 and NICD in mouse cortex from embryonic day 9 （E14.5） to postnatal day 1 （P1）. ADAM10 and NICD were highly co-localized in the cortex of E16.5 to P1 mice. Comparisons of expression patterns of ADAM10 with Nestin （neural stem cell marker）, Tujl （mature neuron marker）, and S100β （gila marker） showed that ADAM10 expression highly matched that of S10013 and partially matched that of Tujl at later embryonic to early postnatal cortex developmental stages. Such expression patterns indicated that ADAM10-Notch signaling might have a critical function in neuronal maturation and gliogenesis during cortex development.

Throughput-based mode switching for MIMO ARQ systems in presence of transmit correlation

The mode switching between spatial multiplexing （SM） and space-time block code （STBC） diversity is investigated for the multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） automatic repeat request （ARQ） system. Five important practical factors are considered in the proposed switching scheme： transmit correlation, ARQ technique, packet loss probability （PLP） constraint, discrete rate transmission （DRT） and channel coding. Under the spatially correlated channel, the distributions of the post signal-to-interference-plus- noise ratio （SiNR） for the SM mode and the STBC mode are obtained by using Gamma approximations. Then this paper derives the closed-form expressions of the PLP and the throughput for different modes when the ARQ technique is employed, based on which the mode switching algorithm is proposed to improve the spectral efficency. In the simulation, the correction of the expressions is first verified. Then, the significant gain observed by the proposed algorithm is presented. Since the switching point is the key parameter to implement the mode switching, this paper also shows how the switching point is affected by the practical factors considered.

Transmission electron microscopy of synaptic ultrastructural white matter damage in neonatal rats

BACKGROUND： To date, animal models of white matter damage remain controversial. Mild grey matter damage should be the basis for animal models to investigate white matter disease. OBJECTIVE： To establish white matter damage in neonatal rats and evaluate feasibility of the established model by observing myelination and synaptic ultrastructure. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Histology and Embryology of Guangzhou Medical College from December 2008 to May 2009. MATERIALS： H600 transmission electron microscopy was provided by Hitachi, Japan. METHODS： A total of 39 neonatal, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normal control （n = 12）, sham-surgery （n = 12）, and white matter damage （n = 15） groups. White matter damage rats were subjected to right common carotid artery ligation, followed by inhalation of nitrogen oxygen gas mixture （6% oxygen） for 4 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Myelin sheath and synaptic ultrastructure in the injured （right） hippocampal CA1 region in 1-month-old rats were observed through the use of transmission electron microscopy, and pathological changes in the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum of the right hemisphere were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS： Obvious tissue loss was observed in the corpus callosum of the injured （right） hemisphere. Injured oligodendrocytes and disrupted myelination were observed in the white matter damage group. However, synaptic length in the active zones, width of synaptic cleft, thickness of postsynaptic density, and curvature of the synaptic interface remained unchanged following injury, compared with the control and sham-surgery groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The established white matter damage model resulted in changes in myelination and slightly altered synaptic ultrastructures. The model could function as an ideal model for white matter damage in neonatal rats.

List-Serial Pipelined Hardware Architecture for SCL Decoding of Polar Codes

For polar codes,the performance of successive cancellation list(SCL)decoding is capable of approaching that of maximum likelihood decoding.However,the existing hardware architectures for the SCL decoding suffer from high hardware complexity due to calculating L decoding paths simultaneously,which are unfriendly to the devices with limited logical resources,such as field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs).In this paper,we propose a list-serial pipelined hardware architecture with low complexity for the SCL decoding,where the serial calculation and the pipelined operation are elegantly combined to strike a balance between the complexity and the latency.Moreover,we employ only one successive cancellation(SC)decoder core without L×L crossbars,and reduce the number of inputs of the metric sorter from 2L to L+2.Finally,the FPGA implementations show that the hardware resource consumption is significantly reduced with negligible decoding performance loss.

Differential expression of microRNA clusters in bladder transitional cell carcinoma

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the differential expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in bladder transitional cell carcinoma （BTC）. Methods： Fresh tissues were obtained from patients with BTC （9 cases; 3 cases with grade Ⅰ, 3 cases with grade Ⅱ, 3 cases with grade III） and those with normal bladder mucosa （3 cases） and stored in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted using TRizol reagent and RNA was quantified and quality control was performed, miRNA probes were labeled with Hy3TM fluorescence, then hybridized with a miRCUR^M array labeling kit. miRNAarrays were scanned and analyzed and the scanned result was validated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Results： In four groups of differentially expressed genes obtained from grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ, grade Ⅲ, and grade Ⅰ ＋ grade Ⅱ ＋ grade Ⅲ BTC tissues compared with normal bladder mucosa, hsa-miR-29b-1＊ was upregulated, and hsa-miR-923 and hsa-miR-300 were downregulated. The hsa-miR-29b-1＊, hsa-miR-300, and hsa-miR-923 findings were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Conclusion： Genes that were differentially expressed between BTC and normal bladder mucosa may be involved in the pathogenesis and development of BTC, and may be useful for further studies of BTC-related genes.

Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma: two cases report and review of the literature

We reported the clinical and pathologic features of two different types of renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC). The first patient was incidentally discovered by health examination, with lower nuclear grade, no part and distant metastasis. The second patient presented with persistence hyperpyrexia, part and distant metastasis, and high nuclear grade. Surgery were both performed successfully. The first patient had no recurrences and no distant metastases. The second patient died of multiple organ failure 3 months postoperatively. Although MTSCC is usually a low potential malignancy carcinoma, high malignancy may occur and lead to a fatal course. So it needs a proper management and prognostication.

Optimization of the Deployment of Temperature Nodes Based on Linear Programing in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things emphasizes the concept of objects connected with each other, which includes all kinds of wireless sensor networks. An important issue is to reduce the energy consumption in the sensor networks since sensor nodes always have energy constraints. Deployment of thousands of wireless sensors in an appropriate pattern will simultaneously satisfy the application requirements and reduce the sensor network energy consumption. This article deployed a number of sensor nodes to record temperature data. The data was then used to predict the temperatures of some of the sensor node using linear programming. The predictions were able to reduce the node sampling rate and to optimize the node deployment to reduce the sensor energy consumption. This method can compensate for the temporarily disabled nodes. The main objective is to design the objective function and determine the constraint condition for the linear programming. The result based on real experiments shows that this method successfully predicts the values of unknown sensor nodes and optimizes the node deployment. The sensor network energy consumption is also reduced by the optimized node deployment.

Relation between standard entropies of elements and electronic configurations

A close relationship has been found between the standard entropies of elements and their electronic configurations. Based on the positions of elements in the periodic table and the variation in the standard entropies of elements, the standard entropies of elements can be expressed as the sum of two functions: S0= f（N） + f（E）, where S0 is the standard entropy of an element, N the principal quantum number, and E the number of outermost electrons. And the specific formula is S0=99.05N1/3 + [0.32（sp - 4）4 - 119.76] + [- 56.56N1/3 + 0.70（sd - 7）2 - 42.12]+[- 11.95 ×10-4（df- 8）4-105.70], where sp, sd, df are the numbers of the outermost electrons in the sp, sd, df regions of the periodic table, respectively. This formula helps reveal the essence of the standard entropies of elements and deepens our understanding of the thermodynamic characteristics of compounds.

CsPbBr_(3)-DMSO merged perovskite micro-bricks for efficient X-ray detection

Inorganic perovskite wafers with good stability and adjustable sizes are promising in X-ray detection but the high synthetic temperature is a hindrance.Herein,dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)is used to prepare the CsPbBr_(3)micro-bricks powder at room temperature.The CsPbBr_(3)powder has a cubic shape with few crystal defects,small charge trap density,and high crystallinity.A trace amount of DMSO attaches to the surface of the CsPbBr_(3)micro-bricks via Pb-O bonding,forming the CsPbBr_(3)-DMSO adduct.During hot isostatic processing,the released DMSO vapor merges the CsPbBr_(3)micro-bricks,producing a compact and dense CsPbBr_(3)wafer with minimized grain boundaries and excellent charge transport properties.The CsPbBr_(3)wafer shows a large mobility-lifetime(μτ)product of 5.16×10^(-4)cm^(2)·V^(-1),high sensitivity of 14,430μC·Gyair^(-1)·cm^(-2),low detection limit of 564 nGyair·s^(-1),as well as robust stability in X-ray detection.The results reveal a novel strategy with immense practical potential pertaining to high-contrast X-ray detection.

Solid-state reaction induced defects in multi-walled carbon nanotubes for improving microwave absorption properties

Dielectric polarization performance induced by defect engineering approach has been proved to be an effective way for improving the microwave absorption property of carbon-based materials.Assisting by the solid-state reaction,the structural integrity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)would be broken along with the volume expansion and etching process of cobalt oxides.Therefore,the defects could be obtained and result in the enhancement of microwave absorption property.Ascribing to the broken wall structures,the defect-distances(L_(D))and concentrations(n_(D))have been optimized to be 9.80 nm and3.37×10^(11) cm^(-2).The minimum reflection loss(RL)had reached-54.6 dB at 4.5 GHz with a thickness of4.13 mm and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth(EAB_(<-10 dB))was analyzed to be 14.6 GHz.Such enhancement is correlated to the dielectric polarization and the permeability-to-permittivity transformation raised from the defect structures and concentrations.The present work demonstrates an effective strategy for tailoring the microwave absorption property of MWCNTs by engineering defect concentrations,and could be further extended to other carbon-based absorbents.

DSA引导下经皮动脉栓塞治疗腹壁下动脉出血一例

一、临床资料患者女,80岁,于2022年2月13日因"乏力、纳差4天,黑便1天"入院。入院后患者乏力、纳差进一步加重,精神较差,查体胸腹部皮肤可见大片淤斑,腹部可触及多个皮下包块,明显压痛,包块质韧,边界尚清,拒按。血常规提示HGB 37 g/L,凝血功能提示PT 21.7 s、APTT 46.9 s、INR 1.88。床旁彩超检查提示腹壁及腹腔内多发不均质包块,考虑血肿可能。追问病史,患者曾于当地医院腹部皮下注射肝素。