Jujube witches’ broom phytoplasmas inhibit ZjBRC1-mediated abscisic acid metabolism to induce shoot proliferation

Jujube witches’broom(JWB)phytoplasmas parasitize the sieve tubes of diseased phloem and cause an excessive proliferation of axillary shoots from dormant lateral buds to favour their transmission.In previous research,two JWB effectors,SJP1 and SJP2,were identified to induce lateral bud outgrowth by disrupting ZjBRC1-mediated auxin flux.However,the pathogenesis of JWB disease remains largely unknown.Here,tissue-specific transcriptional reprogramming was examined to gain insight into the genetic mechanisms acting inside jujube lateral buds under JWB phytoplasma infection.JWB phytoplasmas modulated a series of plant signalling networks involved in lateral bud development and defence,including auxin,abscisic acid(ABA),ethylene,jasmonic acid,and salicylic acid.JWB-induced bud outgrowth was accompanied by downregulation of ABA synthesis within lateral buds.ABA application rescued the bushy appearances of transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing SJP1 and SJP2 in Col-0 and ZjBRC1 in the brc1-2 mutant.Furthermore,the expression of ZjBRC1 and ABA-related genes ZjHB40 and ZjNCED3 was negatively correlated with lateral main bud outgrowth in decapitated healthy jujube.Molecular evidence showed that ZjBRC1 interacted with ZjBRC2 via its N-terminus to activate ZjHB40 and ZjNCED3 expression and ABA accumulation in transgenic jujube calli.In addition,ZjBRC1 widely regulated differentially expressed genes related to ABA homeostasis and ABA signalling,especially by binding to and suppressing ABA receptors.Therefore,these results suggest that JWB phytoplasmas hijack the ZjBRC1-mediated ABA pathways to stimulate lateral bud outgrowth and expansion,providing a strategy to engineer plants resistant to JWB phytoplasma disease and regulate woody plant architecture to promote crop yield and quality.

ECC:Edge Collaborative Caching Strategy for Differentiated Services Load-Balancing

Due to the explosion of network data traffic and IoT devices,edge servers are overloaded and slow to respond to the massive volume of online requests.A large number of studies have shown that edge caching can solve this problem effectively.This paper proposes a distributed edge collaborative caching mechanism for Internet online request services scenario.It solves the problem of large average access delay caused by unbalanced load of edge servers,meets users’differentiated service demands and improves user experience.In particular,the edge cache node selection algorithm is optimized,and a novel edge cache replacement strategy considering the differentiated user requests is proposed.This mechanism can shorten the response time to a large number of user requests.Experimental results show that,compared with the current advanced online edge caching algorithm,the proposed edge collaborative caching strategy in this paper can reduce the average response delay by 9%.It also increases the user utility by 4.5 times in differentiated service scenarios,and significantly reduces the time complexity of the edge caching algorithm.

Electricity Theft Detection Method Based on Ensemble Learning and Prototype Learning

With the development of advanced metering infrastructure(AMI),large amounts of electricity consumption data can be collected for electricity theft detection.However,the imbalance of electricity consumption data is violent,which makes the training of detection model challenging.In this case,this paper proposes an electricity theft detection method based on ensemble learning and prototype learning,which has great performance on imbalanced dataset and abnormal data with different abnormal level.In this paper,convolutional neural network(CNN)and long short-term memory(LSTM)are employed to obtain abstract feature from electricity consumption data.After calculating the means of the abstract feature,the prototype per class is obtained,which is used to predict the labels of unknown samples.In the meanwhile,through training the network by different balanced subsets of training set,the prototype is representative.Compared with some mainstream methods including CNN,random forest(RF)and so on,the proposed method has been proved to effectively deal with the electricity theft detection when abnormal data only account for 2.5%and 1.25%of normal data.The results show that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.

Optimal Configuration of Multitype Energy Storage for Integrated Energy Systems Considering System Reserve Value

An integrated energy system(IES)contributes to improving energy efficiency and promoting sustainable energy development.For different dynamic characteristics of the system,such as demand/response schemes and complex coupling characteristics among energy sources,siting and sizing of multitype energy storage(MES)are very important for the economic operation of the IES.Considering the effect of the diversity of the IES on system reserve based on electricity,gas and heat systems in different scenarios,a two-stage MES optimal configuration model,considering the system reserve value,is proposed.In the first stage,to determine the location and charging/discharging strategies,a location choice model that minimizes the operating cost,considering the system reserve value,is proposed.In the second stage,a capacity choice model,to minimize the investment and maintenance cost of the MES,is proposed.Finally,an example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the MES configuration method in this paper in handling operational diversity and ensuring system reserve.Compared with the configuration method that disregards the system reserve value,the results show that the MES configuration method proposed in this paper can reduce the annual investment cost and operating cost and improve the system reserve value.

无定型NiCoS_(x)纳米片在多孔碳基纳米纤维表面的原位可控形成及其超级电容性能研究

近年来,导电碳基质与过渡金属硫化物(TMS)的巧妙结合在超级电容器中取得了一系列的研究进展.然而,在长期的充/放电过程中,这些复合物在异质界面处较弱的兼容性和结合力通常导致TMS的剥离和电极容量的衰减.基于此,本文设计了一种简单且可扩展的原位硫化方法,用于构建稳定的超级电容器电极,其中多孔NiCo/C纳米纤维作为核芯,无定形NiCoS_(x)纳米片作为壳层,形成NiCo/C@NiCoS_(x)(CNCS)分级核壳结构.外部NiCoS_(x)纳米片的质量负载和尺寸在很大程度上取决于内部NiCo/C纳米纤维的碳化温度.优化后的CNCS电极表现出优异的比容量和良好的倍率性能.组装的非对称超级电容器具有突出的能量密度和较高的循环稳定性.这种调节异质界面的原位策略有望用于开发稳定的基于TMS的复合电极.

Market-oriented Optimal Dispatching Strategy for a Wind Farm with a Multiple Stage Hybrid Energy Storage System

With the increased promotion of integrated energy power systems(IEPS),renewable energy and energy storage systems(ESS)play a more important role.However,the fluctuation and intermittent nature of wind not only results in substantial reliability and stability defects,but it also weakens the competitiveness of wind generation in the electric power market.Meanwhile,the way to further enhance the system reliability effectively improving market profits of wind farms is one of the most important aspects of Wind-ESS joint operational design.In this paper,a market-oriented optimized dispatching strategy for a wind farm with a multiple stage hybrid ESS is proposed.The first stage ESS is designed to improve the profits of wind generation through day-ahead market operations,the real-time marketbased second stage ESS is focused on day-ahead forecasting error elimination and wind power fluctuation smoothing,while the backup stage ESS is associated with them to provide the ancillary service.An interval forecasting method is adopted to help to ensure reliable forecast results of day-ahead wind power,electricity prices and loads.With this hybrid ESS design,supply reliability and market profits are simultaneously achieved for wind farms.

One‑Pot Rational Deposition of Coaxial Double‑Layer MnO_(2)/Ni(OH)_(2) Nanosheets on Carbon Nanofibers for High‑Performance Supercapacitors

Constructing“nanoglue”between inorganic electroactive species and conductive carbon scaffolds is an effective strategy to improve their compatibility and binding interaction,holding a great promise for fabricating high-performance hybrid electrodes for supercapacitors.However,multistep reactions are usually required to obtain these multicomponent systems,thus giving rise to the complicated and time-consuming issues.Herein,we for the first time,demonstrate a green one-pot method to anchor coaxial double-layer MnO_(2)/Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheets on electrospun carbon nanofibers(CNFs)(denoted as MNC),where the intermediate MnO_(2)layer serves as the“nanoglue”to couple the vertically aligned Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheets and conductive CNFs.Benefiting from the unique chemical composition and hierarchical architecture,the resultant electrode delivers outstanding electrochemical performance,including an excellent specific capacitance(1133.3 F g^(-1)at 1 A g^(-1))and an ultrahigh rate capability(844.4 F g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)).Moreover,the asymmetric supercapacitor assembled by using the MNC as positive electrode and the CNF as negative electrode can achieve an optimal energy density of 35.1 Wh kg^(-1)and a maximum power density of 8000 W kg^(-1).The one-pot strategy that stabilizes electroactive metal hydroxides on conductive carbons using a MnO_(2)“nanoglue”to design advanced hybrid electrodes is expected to be broadly applicable not only to the supercapacitor technology but also to other electrochemical applications.

Polydopamine-derived carbon layer anchoring NiCo-P nanowire arrays for high-performance binder-free supercapacitor and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have been extensively and deeply researched as electrode materials for energy-related applications.However,the inferior stability is still a bottleneck restricting their substantive development.Herein,a freestanding three-dimensional hierarchical nanostructure(marked as CC@NC/NiCo-P)is delicately designed for high-performance supercapacitors and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution,where the nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)layer derived from polydopamine serves as an interface coupling bridge for anchoring electroactive nickel cobalt phosphide(NiCo-P)nanowire arrays on flexible carbon cloth(CC)substrate.Thanks to the robust interaction between the conductive carbon support and NiCo-P nanowires,the resultant CC@NC/NiCo-P electrode delivers an ultrahigh capacitance(2175.5 F/g at 1 A/g)and a distinguished rate capability with a capacity retention of 85.8%.The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor can achieve a superior energy density of 28.47 Wh/kg and an ultralong lifespan of 10000 cycles.In addition,the CC@NC/NiCo-P electrode shows favorable electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction.These results indicate that the strong binding between the NC layer and metal species in TMPs notably improves the stability and electrochemical activity of CC@NC/NiCo-P.It is expected that this effective strategy to design innovative electrode materials may be promising for the applications in energy-related fields.