GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Activity Study of Volatile Oil from 11 Kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus Processed Products

[Objectives]To study the volatile components and antibacterial effects of 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products.[Methods]11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products were obtained according to the traditional processing method,the volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation,and the composition of volatile oil in the 11 kinds of processed products was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).the relative percentage content of each component in these 11 kinds of processed products was determined using the peak area normalization.The drug sensitivity activity of the volatile oil of these 11 kinds of processed products was tested using the K-B paper diffusion method and the minimum inhibition volume fraction of volatile oil of these 11 kinds of processed products was tested using the microdilution method.[Results]The highest yield of volatile oil of 11 kinds of these processed products was baking(5.193%),and the lowest was stir-bake to scorch(1.998%).A total of 36 chemical components were identified from the volatile oils of these 11 kinds of processed products.The components with the most volatile oil were stir-bake to scorch(24 kinds),and the components with the least volatile oil were the method of processing with rice-washed water(15 kinds).They contain 8 kinds of common chemical components,such as limonene,linalool,myrcene,α-pinene.The highest content of limonene came from processing with honey(60.93%),the lowest came from processing with rice-washed water(55.25%);the highest content of linalool came from processing with rice-washed water(7.139%),the lowest came from processing with honey(5.436%);the highest content of myrcene came from processing with honey(1.899%),the lowest came from stir-bake to scorch(1.632%);the highest content ofα-pinene came from raw Aurantii Fructus Immaturus(2.355%),and the lowest came from stir-bake to scorch(1.618%).The volatile oil of these 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products has good antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.[Conclusions]The oil yields of volatile oils of 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products are different,the content of limonene is significantly different,and the changes of other chemical components and their contents are not significantly different.The volatile oil of 11 kinds of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus processed products has certain antibacterial effect.

Research Progress of Natural Active Components against Damage from UV Radiation

The sun's ultraviolet(UV)rays are extremely harmful to the skin.In addition to causing sunburn and aging,excessive UV radiation can also lead to benign or malignant skin tumors.This paper reviews the researches on natural active components against damage from UV radiation,and summarizes the types of compounds,research methods and mechanisms of action.Moreover,the main problems in current research are put forward,and the possible development direction in the future is discussed.

In vitro Pharmacological Activity of Chromenes in Disk of Helianthus annuus

[Objectives]The anti-tumor,anti-bacterial,anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-α-glucosidase activity in vitro of five chromenes isolated from Helianthus annuus disk was studied,in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of H.annuus disk resources.[Methods]The effect of different concentrations of chromenes on the survival rate of leukemia HL-60 cells,lung cancer A549 cells,liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells,breast cancer MCF-7 cells and colon cancer SW480 cells was detected by MTS method,and the IC50 was calculated.The inhibitory activity of chromenes against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus subsp.aureus,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans was detected by microdilution method.The DTNB substrate method was used to detect the inhibitory activity of chromenes on acetylcholine.The PNPG substrate method was used to detect the inhibitory activity of chromenes onα-glucosidase.[Results]The five chromenes had no obvious in vitro inhibitory activity on the five kinds of tumor cells,with IC50 greater than 40μM.The five chromenes had no obvious in vitro inhibitory activity against the four kinds of bacteria and C.albicans.The five chromenes had certain inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase,and among them,6-acetyl-2,2-dimethylchromene and 6-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylchromene showed strong inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase,with IC50 of 28.253 and 16.945μM,respectively,both smaller than that(0.275μM)of the positive control tacrine(P<0.01).The five chromenes showed good inhibitory effect onα-glucosidase,and among them,7-hydroxy-6-hydroxyacetyl-2,2-dimethylchromene and 6-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylchromene had stronger inhibitory activity,with IC50 of 20.240 and 21.052μM,respectively,significantly better than that(169.780μM)of the positive control acarbose(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The five chromenes in H.annuus disk have certain in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase andα-glucosidase and certain potential in fighting neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes.

Spectral Characteristics and Quantitative Analysis of Troxerutin-Cu^2+ Complex

[Objectives]This study aims to establish a simple,convenient,fast,low-cost,low-consumption and efficient method for quality control of troxerutin.[Methods]In NaAc-phosphate buffer at pH=8,troxerutin could react with Cu^2+to form complex,which had a characteristic absorption peak at 408 nm in the ultraviolet spectrum.The content of troxerutin could be determined indirectly by measuring the absorbance of the complex.[Results]Within the linear range of 27.82-74.19μg/mL,the absorbance of the complex has a good linear relationship with the concentration of troxerutin.The regression equation is A=0.0119C-0.1384(r=0.9991),and the detection limit is 1.59μg/mL.This method used to determine the content of troxerutin in samples from different manufacturers,and the recovery is 100.9%-102.7%.[Conclusions]The ultraviolet spectrophotometry is used in this experiment to indirectly determine the content of troxerutin by measuring the absorbance of troxerutin-Cu^2+complex,and the results are accurate,reproducible and highly precise.This method can be used for quantitative analysis of troxerutin.

Research Progress of MOFs Materials in Separation Technology

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are a class of porous crystalline materials,consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands.It has the advantages of ultra-high specific surface area,diverse structure,good thermal stability,adjustable pore size and properties,and shows important application value in the field of separation.In this paper,the research progress of metal-organic framework materials in gas separation and chromatographic separation is reviewed,and the existing problems and development direction of metal-organic framework materials in adsorption and separation are discussed.

Exploration of Experimental Teaching of Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on"Five-in-One"Practice Teaching System

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a compulsory comprehensive professional course for Chinese pharmacy major,and it is the necessary knowledge for modern Chinese pharmacy talents.In this paper,the experimental teaching of Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine under the"five-in-one"practice teaching mode of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine was explored to provide reference for the experimental teaching of the course Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

基于规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白技术检测乙型肝炎病毒共价闭合环状DNA方法的建立

目的建立一种基于规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白(CRISPR/Cas13a)的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)共价闭合环状DNA(HBV cccDNA)检测方法。方法提取2017年6月至2020年10月于首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院就诊的4例乙型肝炎患者肝脏总DNA后,使用HindⅢ内切酶和质粒安全性ATP依赖DNA酶(PSAD)分别进行酶切;根据松弛环状DNA(rcDNA)和cccDNA的结构差异,设计特异性扩增HBV cccDNA的引物,对酶切后的产物进行滚环扩增(RCA)和PCR扩增;并筛选crRNA,建立基于CRISPR/Cas13a技术的HBV cccDNA检测新方法。结果利用α-1-抗胰蛋白酶(A1AT)和HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)引物对双重酶切后的产物进行扩增,验证产物中HBV基因组的存在;利用HBV cccDNA和HBV rcDNA引物对PSDA酶切后的产物扩增,验证了产物中只存在HBV cccDNA;利用RCA后的阳性样本作为模板梯度稀释,然后进行PCR扩增转录后使用CRISPR/Cas13a检测,计算出检测下限为10拷贝/μl。结论本研究建立了RCA-PCR-CRISPR-Cas13a的新型检测方法,可对HBV cccDNA进行高灵敏度和高特异性检测,为乙型肝炎患者抗病毒治疗评估、治疗终点的确定以及调整治疗方案提供了有效的监测手段。

Performance of Hepatitis Delta Virus(HDV)RNA Testing for the Diagnosis of Active HDV Infection:Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background and Aims:Hepatitis delta virus(HDV)is a defective virus and causes severe liver disease.Several HDV RNA assays have been developed,however the diagnostic efficacy remains unclear.This systematic review and metaanalysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of HDV RNA assays to aid in the diagnosis of active hepatitis D.Methods:The PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from the beginning to June 31,2022.Information on the characteristics of the literature and data on sensitivity,specificity,and area under curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)were extracted.Stata 14.0 was used for meta-analysis of the combined sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,and negative likelihood ratio.Results:A total of 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis.The summary sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio,and diagnostic odds ratio of HDV RNA assays for HDV diagnosis were 0.92(95%CI:0.87-0.95),0.90(95%CI:0.86-0.93),7.74(95%CI:5.31-11.29),0.10(95%CI:0.06-0.18)and 99.90(95%CI:47.08-211.99),respectively.The AUC of the pooled ROC curve was 0.95(95%CI:0.92-0.96).Conclusions:The results show that HDV RNA assays had high diagnostic performance.However,that is limited by the number and quality of studies.Standard protocols for the development of assays by manufacturers and larger studies on the use of the assays are needed.