Data-driven Wasserstein distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization for crude oil scheduling under uncertainty

Crude oil scheduling optimization is an effective method to enhance the economic benefits of oil refining.But uncertainties,including uncertain demands of crude distillation units(CDUs),might make the production plans made by the traditional deterministic optimization models infeasible.A data-driven Wasserstein distributionally robust chance-constrained(WDRCC)optimization approach is proposed in this paper to deal with demand uncertainty in crude oil scheduling.First,a new deterministic crude oil scheduling optimization model is developed as the basis of this approach.The Wasserstein distance is then used to build ambiguity sets from historical data to describe the possible realizations of probability distributions of uncertain demands.A cross-validation method is advanced to choose suitable radii for these ambiguity sets.The deterministic model is reformulated as a WDRCC optimization model for crude oil scheduling to guarantee the demand constraints hold with a desired high probability even in the worst situation in ambiguity sets.The proposed WDRCC model is transferred into an equivalent conditional value-at-risk representation and further derived as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming counterpart.Industrial case studies from a real-world refinery are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.Out-of-sample tests demonstrate that the solution of the WDRCC model is more robust than those of the deterministic model and the chance-constrained model.

Effect of Ellipsoidal Particle Shape on Tribological Properties of Lubricants Containing Nanoparticles

Adding nanoparticles can significantly improve the tribological properties of lubricants.However,there is a lack of understanding regarding the influence of nanoparticle shape on lubrication performance.In this work,the influence of diamond nanoparticles(DNPs)on the tribological properties of lubricants is investigated through friction experiments.Additionally,the friction characteristics of lubricants regarding ellipsoidal particle shape are investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The results show that DNPs can drastically lower the lubricant's friction coefficientμfrom 0.21 to 0.117.The shearing process reveals that as the aspect ratio(α)of the nanoparticles approaches 1.0,the friction performance improves,and wear on the wall diminishes.At the same time,the shape of the nanoparticles tends to be spherical.When 0.85≤α≤1.0,rolling is ellipsoidal particles'main form of motion,and the friction force changes according to a periodic sinusoidal law.In the range of 0.80≤α<0.85,ellipsoidal particles primarily exhibit sliding as the dominant movement mode.Asαdecreases within this range,the friction force progressively increases.The friction coefficientμcalculated through MD simulation is 0.128,which is consistent with the experimental data.

Improved training framework in a neural network model for disruption prediction and its application on EXL-50

A neural network model with a classical annotation method has been used on the EXL-50tokamak to predict impending disruption.However,the results revealed issues of overfitting and overconfidence in predictions caused by inaccurate labeling.To mitigate these issues,an improved training framework has been proposed.In this approach,soft labels from previous training serve as teachers to supervise the further learning process;this has lead to a significant improvement in predictive model performance.Notably,this enhancement is primarily attributed to the coupling effect of the soft labels and correction mechanism.This improved training framework introduces an instance-specific label smoothing method,which reflects a more nuanced model assessment on the likelihood of a disruption.It presents a possible solution to effectively address the challenges associated with accurate labeling across different machines.

Detection and Monitoring of Key Hazard Factors for Quality and Safety of Characteristic Berries and Standardized Production Technology and Application

Blueberry,kiwifruit,Rosa roxburghii,and raspberry are the characteristic fruits planted in Guizhou Province.However,in recent years,harmful factors such as plant diseases and insect pests,pesticides and heavy metal residues have affected the quality and safety of blueberry,kiwifruit,R.roxburghii,raspberry and other berries.These problems mainly include the frequent occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests,pesticide residues and heavy metal pollution,which not only seriously affect the quality and safety of berries,but also restrict the healthy development of berry industry.Therefore,it is very important to study the detection and monitoring of key hazard factors affecting the quality and safety of blueberry,kiwifruit,R.roxburghii and raspberry,as well as the standardized production technology.Using literature analysis,field investigation,questionnaire survey,comprehensive analysis,SWOT analysis,laboratory testing and other methods,this paper made a comprehensive and in-depth study of the berry industry in Guizhou Province.Through the analysis of the current situation of the berry industry in Guizhou Province,the problems and shortcomings in the planting,management,sales and other aspects of the industry were revealed.In order to solve these problems,a series of practical measures were put forward,including strengthening pest control,optimizing pesticide application technology,and strictly controlling heavy metal pollution,so as to ensure the healthy and stable development of berry industry.The implementation of these measures will help to improve the overall quality level of the berry industry in Guizhou Province.

Response of Freezing/Thawing Indexes to the Wetting Trend under Warming Climate Conditions over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau during 1961–2010:A Numerical Simulation

Since the 1990s,the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau(QTP)has experienced a strikingly warming and wetter climate that alters the thermal and hydrological properties of frozen ground.A positive correlation between the warming and thermal degradation in permafrost or seasonally frozen ground(SFG)has long been recognized.Still,a predictive relationship between historical wetting under warming climate conditions and frozen ground has not yet been well demonstrated,despite the expectation that it will become even more important because precipitation over the QTP has been projected to increase continuously in the near future.This study investigates the response of the thermal regime to historical wetting in both permafrost and SFG areas and examines their relationships separately using the Community Land Surface Model version 4.5.Results show that wetting before the 1990s across the QTP mainly cooled the permafrost body in the arid and semiarid zones,with significant correlation coefficients of 0.60 and 0.48,respectively.Precipitation increased continually at the rate of 6.16 mm decade–1 in the arid zone after the 1990s but had a contrasting warming effect on permafrost through a significant shortening of the thawing duration within the active layer.However,diminished rainfall in the humid zone after the 1990s also significantly extended the thawing duration of SFG.The relationship between the ground thawing index and precipitation was significantly negatively correlated(−0.75).The dual effects of wetting on the thermal dynamics of the QTP are becoming critical because of the projected increases in future precipitation.

GA Associated Dwarf 5 encodes an ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase required for maize gibberellin biosynthesis and morphogenesis

Gibberellin(GA)functions in plant growth and development.However,genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of GA in crop plants are poorly understood.We isolated the mutant gad5-1(GAAssociated Dwarf 5),characterized by dwarfing,short internodes,and dark green and short leaves.Map-based gene cloning and allelic verification confirmed that ZmGAD5 encodes ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase(KAO),which catalyzes KA(ent-kaurenoic acid)to GA12 conversion during GA biosynthesis in maize.ZmGAD5 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and is present in multiple maize organs.In gad5-1,the expression of ZmGAD5 is severely reduced,and the levels of the direct substrate of KAO,KA,is increased,leading to a reduction in GA content.The abnormal phenotype of gad5-1 was restored by exogenous application of GA3.The biomass,plant height,and levels of GA12 and GA3 in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ZmGAD5 were increased in comparison with the corresponding controls Col-0.These findings deepen our understanding of genes involved in GA biosynthesis,and could lead to the development of maize lines with improved architecture and higher planting-density tolerance.

Recent Progress of Surface Passivation Molecules for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Due to the solution processable nature,the prepared perovskite films are polycrystalline with considerable number of defects.These defects,especially defects at interface accelerate the carrier recombination and reduce the carrier collection.Besides,the surface defects also affect the long-term stability of the perovskite solar cells(PVSCs).To solve this problem,surface passivation molecules are introduced at selective interface(the interface between perovskite and carrier selective layer).This review summarizes recent progress of small molecules used in PVSCs.Firstly,different types of defect states in perovskite films are introduced and their effects on device performance are discussed.Subsequently,surface passivation molecules are divided into four categories,and the interaction between the functional groups of the surface passivation molecules and selective defect states in perovskite films are highlighted.Finally,we look into the prospects and challenges in design noble small molecules for PVSCs applications.

非认知能力对城乡户籍人口收入的异质性影响——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)的实证研究

使用2018年的中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),选取大五人格量表测量非认知能力,综合利用普通最小二乘法、条件分位数回归、无条件分位数回归以及工具变量法,实证检验了非认知能力对城乡户籍人口收入的异质性影响,研究发现:城乡户籍人口非认知能力的收入回报率存在明显差异,相较于城市户籍人口,非认知能力对农村户籍人口收入的影响更大,另外,非认知能力对农村户籍低收入者的影响大于农村户籍高收入者。因此,应当充分发挥教育在解决相对贫困、阻断贫困代际传递中的关键作用,充分发挥财政补偿职能,强化乡村教育中非认知能力的培养。具体来说,应重视农村户籍低收入者非认知能力的培养与提升;将农村学生非认知能力培养贯穿于整个乡村教育过程中;在家庭教育中加强非认知能力培养。

Restraining migration and dissolution of transition-metal-ions via functionalized separator for Li-rich Mn-based cathode with high-energy-density

Lithium-rich manganese-based materials(LRMs) are promising cathode for high-energy-density lithiumion batteries due to their high capacity,low toxicity,and low cost.However,LRMs suffer from serious voltage decay and capacity fade due to continual migration and dissolution of transition metal ions(TMs) during cycling process.Herein,a novel strategy is proposed to inhibit the TMs migration of LRMs through a modified separator by means of functionalized carbon coating layer,which depends on the chemical constraint of the abundant functional groups in the modified super P.In addition,it has been found that the dissolution of TMs can be restrained based on the Le Chatelier's principle.Moreover,the modified separator owns good wettability toward the electrolyte.As a result,the LRMs cathode with the modified separator delivers a high discharge capacity of 329.93 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C,and achieves good cyclic performance,the enhanced reaction kinetics and low voltage decay.Therefore,this work provides a new idea to promote the comprehensive electrochemical performances of Li-ion batteries with LRMs cathode through a strategy of separator modification.

海南10种市售灵芝水分及指标成分比较研究

目的:研究海南常见的10种市售灵芝质量差异,为地方药材标准起草奠定基础,为进一步开发灵芝提供参考。方法:购买海南常见的10种市售灵芝共30批,分别进行外观性状描述,再参考中国药典(2020版)灵芝标准项下的检验方法,适当优化后,测定灵芝中的水分、三萜和甾醇含量,作为评价灵芝质量的主要指标。结果:方法精密度RSD为1.9%,低、中、高浓度的加标回收率分别为96.4%、95.2%、98.3%,测定灵芝供试品,有1批水分超过17.0%,有4批三萜及甾醇含量低于0.50%。结论:中国药典标准只收录了紫芝和赤芝,其他市售灵芝品种起草标准时可参考药典标准适当修改限度范围。政府应加强监管,逐步规范灵芝市场,修订完善地方药材质量标准,以便于进一步开发和利用灵芝资源。

Genetic susceptibility loci of lung cancer are associated with malignant risk of pulmonary nodules and improve malignancy diagnosis based on CEA levels

Objective:The heightened prevalence of pulmonary nodules(PN)has escalated its significance as a public health concern.While the precise identification of high-risk PN carriers for malignancy remains an ongoing challenge,genetic variants hold potentials as determinants of disease susceptibility that can aid in diagnosis.Yet,current understanding of the genetic loci associated with malignant PN(MPN)risk is limited.Methods:A frequency-matched case-control study was performed,comprising 247 MPN cases and 412 benign NP(BNP)controls.We genotyped 11 established susceptibility loci for lung cancer in a Chinese cohort.Loci associated with MPN risk were utilized to compute a polygenic risk score(PRS).This PRS was subsequently incorporated into the diagnostic evaluation of MPNs,with emphasis on serum tumor biomarkers.Results:Loci rs10429489G>A,rs17038564A>G,and rs12265047A>G were identified as being associated with an increased risk of MPNs.The PRS,formulated from the cumulative risk effects of these loci,correlated with the malignant risk of PNs in a dose-dependent fashion.A high PRS was found to amplify the MPN risk by 156%in comparison to a low PRS[odds ratio(OR)=2.56,95%confidence interval(95%CI),1.40−4.67].Notably,the PRS was observed to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)in distinguishing MPNs from BPNs,with diagnostic values rising from 0.716 to 0.861 across low-to high-PRS categories.Further bioinformatics investigations pinpointed rs10429489G>A as an expression quantitative trait locus.Conclusions:Loci rs10429489G>A,rs17038564A>G,and rs12265047A>G contribute to MPN risk and augment the diagnostic precision for MPNs based on serum CEA concentrations.

NaH doped TiO_(2)as a high-performance catalyst for Mg/MgH_(2)cycling stability and room temperature absorption

This paper presents the catalytic effect of NaH doped nanocrystalline TiO_(2)(designated as NaTiOxH)in the improvement of MgH_(2)hydrogen storage properties.The catalyst preparation involves ball milling NaH with TiO_(2)for 3 hr.The addition of 5 wt%NaTiOxH powder into MgH_(2)reduces its operating temperature to∼185℃,which is∼110℃lower than the additive-free as-milled MgH_(2).The composite remarkably desorbs∼7.2 wt%H_(2)within 15 min at∼290℃and reabsorbs∼4.5 wt%H_(2)in 45 min at room temperature under 50 bar H_(2).MgH_(2)dehydrogenation is activated at 57 kJ/mol by the catalyst.More importantly,the addition of 2.5 wt%NaTiOxH catalyst aids MgH_(2)to reversibly produce∼6.1 wt%H_(2)upon 100 cycles within 475 hr at 300℃.Microstructural investigation into the catalyzed MgH_(2)composite reveals a firm contact existing between NaTiOxH and MgH_(2)particles.Meanwhile,the NaTiOxH catalyst consists of catalytically active Ti_(3)O_(5),and“rod-like”Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)species liberated in-situ during preparation;these active species could provide multiple hydrogen diffusion pathways for an improved MgH_(2)sorption process.Furthermore,the elemental characterization identifies the reduced valence states of titanium(Ti<4+)which show some sort of reversibility consistent with H_(2)insertion and removal.This phenomenon is believed to enhance the mobility of Mg/MgH_(2)electrons by the creation and elimination of oxygen vacancies in the defective(TiO_(2-x))catalyst.Our findings have therefore moved MgH_(2)closer to practical applications.

基层实验室安全管理探讨

文章通过对实验室安全警示案例的分享,汇总安全管理和防范措施,为各基层实验室安全管理提供参考建议。通过交流学习、查阅文献,文章总结了海南基层实验室现状,重点从防止火灾、爆炸、受伤、中毒、微生物和环境污染等方面进行探讨,提出管理建议和安全操作,并汇总实验室安全应急处理和培训要求。但基层实验室受经费和条件所限,存在诸多弊端,容易引发安全事故,因此领导层应高度重视,加强基层实验室安全管理和人员培训,规范安全操作,才能保障检验人员的安全和实验室正常运行。

Development and validation of a prognostic indicator for thyroid carcinoma based on interferon-γ-related gene analysis

Background:Women are mostly affected by thyroid carcinoma(THCA),an endocrine system cancer.However,the biomarkers of interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)in THCA have not been identified,so this study aimed to investigate whether IFN-γ-related genes could predict the overall prognosis of THCA patients.Methods:Transcriptome-related expression data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Differential expression of IFN-γ-responsive genes(DE-IFN-γ)between THCA and normal samples was determined based on the“limma”package in R.The prognostic value of the model was determined by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,univariate Cox,and multivariate Cox analyses,as well as Kaplan-Meier curves.A nomogram was created to predict the THCA survival probabilities by combining clinicopathological features and prognostic genetic features.High-risk and low-risk groups were examined THCA-related pathways using gene set enrichment analysis.Correlations between the two groups with different scores and the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy were also explored.Finally,we verified the expression levels using real-time PCR.Results:From 48 DE-IFN-γ,4 DE-IFN-γ(METTL7B,VAMP8,CFB,IFIT3)associated with good prognosis were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and Cox co-screening.Based on these four genes,THCA patients were divided into two groups,with the high-risk group having a poorer overall survival rate.The risk score,age,and staging were identified as independent prognostic factors.The low-scoring group had significantly enriched 13 signaling pathways,according to gene set enrichment analysis.Meanwhile,the two groups delineated according to the risk score differed in terms of the immune microenvironment and immune checkpoints.Finally,our real-time PCR results corroborated previous hypotheses.Conclusion:Researchers identified four DE-IFN-γbiomarker genes with promising prognostic value for THCA patients,which may help guide immunotherapy preference.Moreover,it may subsequently influence our THCA treatment decisions.

电力电缆温升特性研究及载流量计算

电力电缆通常敷设于地下,一旦发生故障,很难及时发现和维修。通过对电力电缆的温升特性研究和载流量计算可以有效减少电缆故障的发生。结合仿真试验、最优化算法以及对试验数据的归纳完成温度场分析和载流量计算。为确保有限元计算的准确性,使用最优化算法对模型进行校正。将校正后的有限元模型输入外界条件和电力电缆导体长期发热最高允许温度,通过迭代计算的方式得到电缆载流量。通过分析仿真试验的数据,总结出了电力电缆载流量与外界环境之间的函数关系,通过该函数关系可以快速估算电力电缆的动态载流量。经过温度场和载流量的计算,得到电力电缆电流的阈值,达到兼顾电缆安全可靠性和充分利用电缆传输能力的目的。

不同饲养方式、去势对短角牛育肥、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

【目的】研究不同饲养方式、去势对短角牛生长育肥、屠宰性能、肉品质的影响。【方法】选取17月龄左右体重相近的18头短角牛,其中公牛12头(分为2组:放牧公牛组和育肥公牛组,每组6头)、阉割牛6头(育肥阉牛组)。放牧公牛组采用放牧饲养;育肥公牛组和育肥阉牛组围栏式育肥,均自由采食全混合饲粮(TMR)。3组均饲养育肥至24月龄进行屠宰,测定短角牛的育肥性能、屠宰性能和肉品质。【结果】在不同饲养方式下,育肥公牛组短角牛终末体重、平均日增重(ADG)、体斜长,胸围和腹围,胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比、胴体产肉率、背膘厚、眼肌面积、大理石花纹,总肉重,心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏重量,背最长肌和股二头肌的粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量均极显著或显著高于放牧公牛组(P<0.01或P<0.05),背最长肌和股二头肌的剪切力和水分含量显著或极显著低于放牧公牛组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。在相同饲养方式下,育肥公牛组短角牛ADG、眼肌面积、特级肉块和高档肉块重量、心脏和肝脏重量,背最长肌剪切力、股二头肌和背最长肌的水分含量均显著或极显著高于阉牛(P<0.05或P<0.01),大理石花纹、股二头肌和背最长肌粗脂肪含量、股二头肌的粗蛋白质含量显著或极显著低于育肥阉牛组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。【结论】通过舍饲育肥可提高短角牛的生长性能、屠宰性能,改善牛肉嫩度、提高牛肉营养水平;去势降低了短角牛的育肥和屠宰性能,提高了短角牛牛肉大理石花纹等级、嫩度,并改善了牛肉品质。可根据市场需求决定是否去势。

高迁移率族蛋白1通过调控自噬因子P62调节心肌细胞纤维化

目的:探究高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)通过调控自噬活性对心肌纤维化的影响及作用机制。方法:将人心肌细胞AC16培养于DMEM培养基中,用不同浓度的HMGB1(0、4、20、100μg/L)干预AC16细胞6 h,免疫荧光染色检测心脏成纤维细胞活化的标志性蛋白α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达水平,Western blot法检测心肌自噬相关蛋白哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、磷酸化mTOR(p-mTOR)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)、磷酸肌醇-3-激酶3(PIK3C3)、可溶性及不可溶性P62、α-SMA、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(CollagenⅠ)在AC16中的表达水平。免疫共沉淀检测α-SMA与P62之间的互相作用。结果:不同浓度的HMGB1刺激AC16细胞,AC16细胞中心肌纤维化标志蛋白CollagenⅠ与α-SMA的表达水平呈浓度依赖性升高,自噬蛋白PIK3C3、不可溶性P62的蛋白表达水平,p-mTOR与mTOR的比值,LC3-Ⅱ与LC3-Ⅰ的比值呈浓度依赖性升高,可溶性P62的蛋白表达水平呈浓度依赖性降低。各组间的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。免疫共沉淀实验显示P62与α-SMA存在相互作用。结论:外源性HMGB1可抑制AC16细胞中的自噬流,诱导AC16细胞纤维化。

基于Fluent的户外环网柜通风效果优化研究

凝露问题是户外环网柜安全运行的主要挑战之一。加强自然通风有助于降低柜内空气相对湿度,避免凝露生成。考虑户外环网柜结构特点,建立三维模型,使用Fluent进行通风仿真研究,分析风速、外壳尺寸对通风效果的影响。结果表明:在外界风速变化时,户外环网柜内部隔间空气流速变化很小。在相同的风速下,加宽外壳比加高外壳更有利于降低户外环网柜内部相对湿度。

Rock physical characteristics of deep dolomite under complex geological conditions:A case study of 4th Member of Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin,China

The deep-ultra deep carbonate reservoir in China,commonly subjected to modification of multi-stage diagenesis,has extremely high heterogeneity.Conventional rock physics analysis cannot accurately identify the elastic responses of reservoir.Here,the rock physics properties of the dolomite from the 4th Member of the Sinian Dengying Formation are experimentally measured,and the change law of rock physics characteristics is investigated within the framework of the diagenetic processes by the analysis of the elastic and petrologic characteristics,pore structure,and sedimentary environments.The results show that the differentiated diagenesis results in different pore structure characteristics and microtexture characteristics of the rock.The microbial dolomite of the algal mound-grain beach facies is subjected to the contemporaneous microbial dolomitization and seepage-reflux dolomitization,penecontemporaneous selective dissolution,burial dolomitization,and hydrothermal dolomitization.The resultant crystalline dolomite is found with one main type of the dolomite crystal contact boundaries,and the dissolution pore is extensive development.The siliceous,muddy,and limy dolomite of the interbeach sea environment mainly experiences the weak capillary concentration dolomitization,intensive mechanical compaction-induced densification,and burial dolomitization.Such crystalline dolomite is observed with four types of contact boundaries,namely the dolomite contact,clay contact,quartz contact,and calcite contact boundaries,and porosity mostly attributed to residual primary inter-granular or crystalline pores.The samples with the same crystal boundary condition have consistent correlations between the compressional-and shear-wave velocities,and between the compressional-wave velocity and the velocity ratio.Additionally,the variation of the acoustic velocity with effective pressure and the intensity of pore-scale fluid-related dispersion are controlled by the differentiation of pore structure types of the samples.The varied effects of soft pores like micro-cracks on the compressional-and shearwave velocity causes considerable changes in the relationships between the compressional-and shearwave velocities,compressional-wave velocity and velocity ratio,and porosity and acoustic velocity.This research is an attempt to demonstrate a novel method for investigating the rock physics variation of rock during the geological process,and the obtained findings can provide the rock physics basis for seismic prediction of the characteristics of deep carbonate reservoirs.

Potentials of ribosomopathy gene as pharmaceutical targets for cancer treatment

Ribosomopathies encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from impaired ribosome biogenesis and reduced functionality.Mutation or dysexpression of the genes that disturb any finely regulated steps of ribosome biogenesis can result in different types of ribosomopathies in clinic,collectively known as ribosomopathy genes.Emerging data suggest that ribosomopathy patients exhibit a significantly heightened susceptibility to cancer.Abnormal ribosome biogenesis and dysregulation of some ribosomopathy genes have also been found to be intimately associated with cancer development.The correlation between ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathy and the development of malignancies has been well established.This work aims to review the recent advances in the research of ribosomopathy genes among human cancers and meanwhile,to excavate the potential role of these genes,which have not or rarely been reported in cancer,in the disease development across cancers.We plan to establish a theoretical framework between the ribosomopathy gene and cancer development,to further facilitate the potential of these genes as diagnostic biomarker as well as pharmaceutical targets for cancer treatment.