Accelerating the establishment of a new science-policy panel to address the triple planetary crisis

he triple planetary crisis—climate change,biodiversity loss,and pollution—threatens planetary health.In response to these challenges,the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)was established in 1988,followed by the formation of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(IPBES)in 2012.Ongoing global initiatives through IPCC and IPBES have significantly advanced scientific understanding,raised public awareness,and informed policy-making in relation to climate change and biodiversity loss.However,pollution remains a pressing concern in all three crises.

Experimental Study on the Treatment of Tertiary Oil Recovery Wastewater via a Novel Electro-Coagulation Method

At present,methods for treating tertiary oil recovery wastewater via electro-coagulation are still in their early stage of development.In this study,a device for electro-coagulation wastewater treatment was built and tested in an oil field.The effects that the initial pH value,electrode type,and connection mode have on the coagulation and separation effect were assessed by measuring the mass fraction and turbidity of oil.The results have shown that when the electro-coagulation method is used,the effectiveness of the treatment can be significantly increased in neutral pH conditions(pH=7),in acidic conditions,and in alkaline conditions.Compared to an Al electrode,the floc that is produced by an Fe electrode is smaller;thus,it does not easily coagulate and settle in a short time.Using the oil removal rate,turbidity removal rate and energy consumption as a basis to assess the performances,the results have demonstrated that the combined aluminum alloy iron composite electrode should be used as electrolytic electrode.

自锚式双塔悬索桥在近场与远场地震作用的动力响应

为探究近场、远场、脉冲和非脉冲四种地震作用下自锚式双塔悬索桥的地震响应,首先基于sap2000建立某自锚式双塔悬索桥三维空间有限元模型,其次依据该桥场地条件从PEER中选取近场、远场、脉冲和非脉冲地震动,最后将该四种地震动作为有限元模型的激励源,以此探究自锚式双塔悬索桥的地震响应。研究表明:近场脉冲地震动产生的位移响应最大,约为0.53m;四种地震作用下吊杆和主缆轴力变化规律保持一致,边跨的端吊杆轴力有最大值,最大值约为9800kN,而靠近桥塔处的吊杆轴力有较小值,仅约为500kN。主缆轴力在靠近桥塔处达到最大值,在跨中和边跨处有较小值;四种地震作用下桥塔塔底内力和支座反力均呈现对称关系,但不完全相等。主梁弯矩图在塔梁连接处主梁存在较大负弯矩,主梁剪力在塔梁处存在突变效应。

Antidiarrheal properties of different extracts of Chinese herbal medicine formula Bao-Xie-Ning

OBJECTIVE： Bao-Xie-Ning （BXN）, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine （CHM） formula composed of Fructus Evodiae, Flos Caryophylli and Cortex Cinnamomi, and used for the treatment of infant diarrheal illness, was subject to systematic assessment for its putative multiple pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacological antidiarrheal mechanisms. METHODS： High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization- mass spectrometric/mass spectrometry was developed and validated for identification and quantification of the main constituents in different extracts of BXN. Male Kunming mice weighing 20 to 25 g were used for detecting the antidiarrheal activity of the extracts. Ethanolic extract （EE）, volatile oil extract （VOE）, and aqueous extract （AE） of BXN were respectively subjected to pharmacodynamic and pharmacological comparison in assessing antidiarrheal effects with senna-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced diarrhea, acetic acid-induced writhing assay, and isolated duodenum test. RESULTS： The highest yields of three detected components of BXN, rutaecarpine, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde were observed in EE. EE showed the most remarkable antidiarrheal activity in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners in both senna- and castor oil-induced diarrhea models, and presented dose-dependent analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced algesthesia model. In addition, EE extract of BXN also exhibited strong antimobility action on the intestine and strongest depression on spontaneous contraction of isolated duodenum. CONCLUSION： Ethanol extraction is an efficient method to extract the active constituents of BXN. BXN extract demonstrated multiple pharmacological activities affecting the main mechanisms of diarrhea, which validated BXN＇s usage in the comprehensive clinical treatment of diarrhea.

Development Status of Grape Industry in Wuhan City and Recom-mendations

Since the beginning of grape cultivation in the 1980 s in Wuhan City,the grape industry has shown a steady growth trend. Through the survey of the local grape industry,it found out the regional distribution,scale and benefits of the grape,as well as the variety structure and cultivation management mode. It analyzed main problems in the grape production,including low degree of organization,concentrated maturity,low rate of good fruit,small cultivation scale,and low labor-saving and high-efficiency cultivation technologies. On the basis of the development status,it came up with pertinent recommendations,including optimizing the variety structure,implementing standardized management,strengthening construction of sightseeing parks,promoting integration of primary and tertiary industries,and developing the gardening experience,to promote healthy and sustainable development of the grape industry.

Research on urban intelligent fashion advertising service model based on wearable devices

We are developing a novel wearable devices called the urban intelligent fashion advertising.Such system is mobile information devices capable of supporting remote communication and intelligent interaction between terminals.In this paper,we explore the possible functions of such a wearable devices and will present the service-based architecture combing the hardware and the software.This architecture involves two major parts.The first part is hardware design,which includes microcontroller,display part,communication module,and positioning system module.The second part is software design,which is a real-time interactive system that includes signal reception,position detection,and user workload assessment.Then,we use the interactive concept and interactive technology to construct the urban fashion advertising service model,and elaborate on its business model.Finally,we present sustainability development recommendations for the proposed service model.

智能可穿戴方案应用于全膝关节置换术后康复的前瞻性研究

目的本研究旨在比较两种不同的膝关节置换术后康复方案,即智能可穿戴方案与传统康复方案的治疗效果。方法前瞻性收集安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨科2017年6至2018年12月确诊为单侧膝关节骨关节炎且符合纳入及排除标准的患者90例,随机分成智能可穿戴组和传统康复组。智能可穿戴组入组45例,完成研究40例,年龄(68±7)岁,传统康复组入组45例,完成研究39例,年龄(71±5)岁。智能可穿戴组患者采用智能可穿戴方案完成康复计划;传统康复组患者接受传统定期复查面对面康复指导。随访比较两组患者在术前、术后3个月、术后6个月膝关节功能与生活质量,具体包括起立行走试验(TUG)评测、膝关节损伤与骨关节炎结果评分(KOOS)和膝关节活动度(ROM)测量。结果79例患者最终完成随访(智能可穿戴组40名,传统康复组39名),随访时间6~10个月,平均(8.2±2.5)个月。术后3个月,智能可穿戴组患者康复效果优于传统康复组,包括TUG评测(F=5.914,P<0.05)、KOOS评分(F=7.845,P<0.05)和ROM测量(F=18.018、2178、9.532、45.356,P<0.05)。术后6个月智能可穿戴组患者TUG评测优于传统康复组(F=7.845,P<0.05),而两组患者KOOS评分(F=54.744,P>0.05)差异无统计学意义,智能可穿戴组患者ROM测量仅站立位屈膝活动度优于传统康复组(F=5.634,P<0.05)。结论智能可穿戴方案指导膝关节置换术后康复,新颖、可行;与术后传统康复方案相比康复效果更好,值得深入研究和尝试。

Fluorescence regional integration and differential fluorescence spectroscopy for analysis of structural characteristics and proton binding properties of fulvic acid sub-fractions

Structural characteristics and proton binding properties of sub-fractions（FA3–FA13） of fulvic acid（FA）, eluted stepwise by pyrophosphate buffer were examined by use of fluorescence titration combined with fluorescence regional integration（FRI） and differential fluorescence spectroscopy（DFS）. Humic-like（H-L） and fulvic-like（F-L） materials, which accounted for more than 80% of fluorescence response, were dominant in five sub-fractions of FA. Based on FRI analysis, except the response of F-L materials in FA9 and FA13, maximum changes in percent fluorescence response were less than 10% as pH was increased from 2.5 to 11.5.Contents of carboxylic and phenolic groups were compared for fluorescence peaks of FA sub-fractions based on pH-dependent fluorescence derived from DFS. Static quenching was the dominant mechanism for binding of protons by FA sub-fractions. Dissociation constants（p Ka） were calculated by use of results of DFS and the modified Stern-Volmer relationship. The p Kaof H-L, F-L, tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like materials of FA subfractions exhibited ranges of 3.17–4.06, 3.12–3.97, 4.14–4.45 and 4.25–4.76, respectively, for acidic pHs. At basic pHs, values of p Ka for corresponding materials were in ranges of 9.71–10.24, 9.62–10.99, 9.67–10.31 and 9.33–10.28, respectively. At acidic pH, protein-like（P-L）materials had greater affinities for protons than did either H-L or F-L materials. The dicarboxylic and phenolic groups were likely predominant sites of protonation for both H-L and F-L materials at both acidic and basic pHs. Amino acid groups were significant factors during proton binding to protein-like materials of FA sub-fractions at basic pH.

Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lake Erhai,Southwest China

The temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） was investigated in a sediment core from Lake Erhai in Southwest China using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS） method. The total organic carbon （TOC） normalized total PAHs concentrations （sum of US Environmental Protection Agency proposed 16 priority PAHs） ranged from 31.9 to 269 ixg/g dry weight （dw）, and were characterized by a slowly increasing stage in the deeper sediments and a sharp increasing stage in the upper sediments. The PAHs in the sediments were dominated by low molecular weight （LMW） PAHs, suggesting that the primary source of PAHs was low- and moderate temperature combustion processes. However, both the significant increase in high molecular weight （HMW） PAHs in the upper sediments and the vertical profile of diagnostic ratios pointed out a change in the sources of PAHs from low-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion. The ecotoxicological assessment based on consensus-based sediment quality guidelines implied that potential adverse biological impacts were possible for benzo（ghi）perylenelene and most LMW PAHs. In addition, the total BaP equivalent quotient of seven carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （BaA, CHr, BbF, BkF, BaP, DBA and INP） was 106.1 rig/g, according to the toxic equivalency factors. Although there was no great biological impact associated with the HMW PAils, great attention should be paid to these PAH components based on their rapid increase in the upper sediments.

Identification of in vitro and in vivo metabolites of 12β-hydroxylveratroylzygadenine associated with neurotoxicity by using HPLC–MS/MS

Metabolism study was carried out on 12b-hydroxylveratroylzygadenine（VOG） that is a cevine-type alkaloid existing in Veratrum nigrum L. and a neurotoxic component. In order to better understand the potential mechanism of neurotoxicity of VOG, this study measured VOG-induced DNA damage in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of mice after 7 days repetitive oral dose by using single-cell gel electrophoresis（Comet assay）. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC–MS/MS） was developed and applied to separate and identify in vitro and in vivo metabolites of VOG for investing the possible relationship of metabolism and neurotoxicity. In vitro experiment was carried out using rat liver microsomes, while the in vivo study was conducted on rats. The obtained results indicated that VOG might cause DNA damage in cerebellum and cerebral cortex of mice in a dosedependent manner. Hydrolysis of ester bond and O-demethylation were proposed to be the main in vivo metabolic pathways of VOG, while the major in vitro metabolic pathways were proposed as methyl oxidation to aldehyde, dehydrogenation, hydrolysis of ester bond, hydrolysis of ester bond together with acetylation, and methoxylation. O-Demethylation reaction was likely to be associated with reactive oxygen species production, leading to the DNA damage.

Experimental investigation of ash deposits on convection heating surfaces of a circulating fluidized bed municipal solid waste incinerator

Incineration of municipal solid waste （MSW） is a waste treatment method which can be sustainable in terms of waste volume reduction, as well as a source of renewable energy. During MSW combustion, increased formation of deposits on convection heating exchanger surfaces can pose severe operational problems, such as fouling, slagging and corrosion. These problems can cause lower heat transfer efficiency from the hot flue gas to the working fluid inside the tubes. A study was performed where experiments were carried out to examine the ash deposition characteristics in a full-scale MSW circulating fluidized bed （CFB） incinerator, using a newly designed deposit probe that was fitted with six thermocouples and four removable half rings. The influence of probe exposure time and probe surface temperature （500, 560, and 700℃） on ash deposit formation rate was investigated. The results indicate that the deposition mass and collection efficiency achieve a minimum at the probe surface temperature of 560~C. Ash particles are deposited on both the windward and leeward sides of the probe by impacting and thermophoretic/ condensation behavior. The major inorganic elements present in the ash deposits are Ca, A1 and Si. Compared to ash deposits formed on the leeward side of the probe, windward-side ash deposits contain relatively higher Ca and S concentrations, but lower levels of A1 and Si. Among all cases at different surface temperatures, the differences in elemental composition of the ash deposits from the leeward side are insignificant. However, as the surface temperature increases, the concentrations of A1, Si, K and Na in the windward-side ash deposits increase, but the Ca concentration is reduced. Finally, governing mechanisms are proposed on the basis of the experimental data, such as deposit morphology, elemental composition and thermodynamic calculations.

Historical record of effects of human activities on absolute and relative concentrations of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Lake Chao,China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）are attracting concern because of their potential toxicity,posing serious threats to health of humans and ecosystems（Kim et al.,2013;Zhao et al.,2016）.Generally,similar to other contaminants＇behaviors（Wu et al.,2001;Zhang et al.,2007,2008;Lu et al.,2009）,PAHs result from natural organic matter and activities of humans,the latter＇s contribution usually outweighing the inputs from other sources（Fernández et al.,2000;Srogi,2007）.

Characterization,occurrence,environmental behaviors,and risks of nanoplastics in the aquatic environment:Current status and future perspectives

Microplastics(MPs)are emerging contaminants that have attracted worldwide attention in recent years.Compared with MPs,nanoplastics(NPs)may exhibit greater toxicity and higher potential risks because of their unique physiochemical nanoscale properties.However,the environmental fate,ecosystem toxicity,and potential risks associated with NPs have been less explored.This study summarizes the current research status of NPs through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis.The research hotspots and future trends of NPs were identified.We comprehensively searched the Web of Science Core Collection scientific database from its inception(2004)to November 26,2020.The results showed that the number of papers on NPs has increased significantly since 2014.The keywords used in NP research were divided into three clusters.Cluster 1 related to the physical,chemical,and biological behaviors of NPs in aquatic environments.Cluster 2 represented a relatively new and hot research field concerning the exposure,accumulation,and toxicity of NPs in organisms.Cluster 3 corresponded to the identification and quantification of NPs in marine environments and sediments.Moreover,we systematically elaborated the main areas of NP research,such as the characterization,occurrence,environmental behavior,ecological toxicity,and human health risks of NPs.The results showed that the quantification of NPs at environmentally relevant concentrations remains a challenge.Most studies have investigated polystyrene NPs,spherical NPs,and NPs in marine environments,while few studies have examined the aggregation,deposition,and ecological toxicity of NPs under environmentally relevant conditions.In addition,much less is known about the human health risks associated with NPs because little research has been conducted on estimating the overall human exposure to NPs and its effect.Finally,the current challenges and future perspectives of NP research are discussed.

Walking Cations: Transition-Metal Free Benzyl Cation-Triggered sp^(2) C—H Phosphorylation and Etherification

A novel benzyl cation-triggered site-selective sp^(2) C—H phosphorylation and etherification was developed. This reaction was conducted under the transition metal-free conditions through cation migration via dearomatization. Under the reaction conditions, the derivatives of naphthalenes, benzofurans and benzo[b]thiophenes all can be transformed into the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. It provides a method to construct sp^(2) C—P and sp^(2) C—O bonds as well as a new strategy for benzylic activation-triggered sp^(2) C—H functionalization.