Soil water content and nitrogen differentially correlate with multidimensional leaf traits of two temperate broadleaf species

The variation and correlation of leaf economics and vein traits are crucial for predicting plant ecological strategies under different environmental changes.However,correlations between these two suites of traits and abiotic factors such as soil water and nitrogen content remain ambiguous.We measured leaf economics and vein traits as well as soil water and nitrogen content for two different shade-tolerant species(Betula platyphylla and Acer mono)in four mixed broadleaved-Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)forests along a latitudinal gradient in Northeast China.We found that leaf economics traits and vein traits were decoupled in shade-intolerant species,Betula platphylla,but significantly coupled in a shadetolerant species,A.mono.We found stronger correlations among leaf traits in the shade tolerant species than in the shade intolerant species.Furthermore,leaf economic traits were positively correlated with the soil water gradient for both species,whereas vein traits were positively correlated with soil water gradient for the shade intolerant species but negatively correlated in the shade tolerant species.Although economic traits were positively correlated with soil nitrogen gradient in shade intolerant species but not correlated in shade tolerant species,vein traits were negatively correlated with soil nitrogen gradient in shade tolerant species but not correlated in shade intolerant species.Our study provides evidence for distinct correlations between leaf economics and vein traits and local abiotic factors of species differing in light demands.We recommend that the ecological significance of shade tolerance be considered for species when evaluating ecosystem functions and predicting plant responses to environmental changes.

IOP-lowering effects for the application of human umbilical vein in non-penetrating deep sclerostomy in rabbits

AIM: To estimate the effects of human umbilical vein (HUV) implanted under the sclera of glaucoma model on intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering and to investigate its related mechanisms METHODS: A total of 20 human umbilical veins (HUV) were collected from healthy fetus umbilical core. After the establishment of glaucoma model in rabbits, human freeze-dried umbilical vein was implanted under the sclera during NPDS, while for control group, sclerostomy was performed without implant. The formation of the filtration bleb and TOP were detected every 24 hours before surgery and on day 3, 7, 10 and 14 after surgery. Handheld pen-type Tono-pen II tonometer was used to measure TOP after topical anesthesia treatment. Each measurement has three duplicates. The incision recovery, filtration, conjunctiva congestion and anterior chamber inflammation were observed everyday after surgery. RESULTS: IOP was decreased dramatically with less inflammation than traditional sclerostomies with the application of HUV. The significant differences of IOP between the NPDS with and without HUV implant groups were shown up from 10 days after surgery. The average TOP in NPDS without HUV implant was 14.25mmHg, while for NPDS with HUV implant group, it was 12.30mmHg. This structure of filtration bleb, which allowed the aqueous humor to leave the eye, was formed for any type of surgery. However, 1-2 weeks later, filtration bleb was still Existed in the group of sclerostomy with HUV implant and more stable than that of the surgery without HUV implant. Histological observations were performed on day 3, 7 and 14 after surgery. For the eyes under sclerostomy with HUV implant, HUV lumina was shown up on 3 days after surgery with few fibroblast cells near the sclera. On 7 days after surgery, HUV lumina was stably maintained but with obvious fibroblast cells and inflammatory cell. On 14 days after surgery, HUV lumina was still clearly observed but with scarring formation, which suggests that the IOP lowering effects might result from an effective drainage structure formation. CONCLUSION: HUV might be an alternative material to make the drainage pathway for non-penetrating deep sclerostomy.

Research on Social Tags Recommendation Techniques Based on Content

With the rapid development of the Internet,more and more people begin to pay attention to social tagging which is a flexible and efficient method for classification. How to retrieve tags from the huge tag library becomes a hot topic to research. Firstly,the existing systems of social tags and its recommendation principles used in Web 2. 0 are introduced in this paper. Secondly,the existing techniques about tag recommendation are summarized,and their merits and demerits are analysed. In most techniques for tag recommendation only two dimensions "resource-user " are considered. But there are three dimensions "resource-user-tag " in recommendation system based on social tags. A new method of social tag recommendation based on content-Feature Vote Tagging ( FVT) is proposed in this paper. Finally,several kinds of evaluation methods are used to assess the return results of methods. The experiment results show that the method proposed in this paper can satisfy the expectation of the user for the recommendation results.

Clinical effect of improved viscocanalostomy for the treatment of primary congenital glaucoma

AIM: To evaluate the clinical effect of improved viscocanalostomy in patients with primary congenital glaucoma. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of improved viscocanalostomy was performed on 51 eyes of 42 patients with primary congenital glaucoma. The outcome evaluation included postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal diameter, cup/disc ratio and complications. All patients were followed up at week 1, month 1, 3, 6 and 12. RESULTS: The results revealed that postoperative IOP was decreased from (38.57 +/- 13.61)mmHg to (10.53 +/- 3.91)mmHg. (14.89 +/- 5.26)mmHg,(15.42 +/- 5.11)mmHg, (13.82 +/- 3.46)mmHg, (13.16 +/- 5.29)mmHg at follow-up time of 1 week,1, 3, 6, 12 months (P<0.001). The postoperative corneal diameter was decreased significantly (P=0.002); The mean cup/dish ratio wasn't significantly different (P=0.148) before and after the surgery, the cup/dish ratio of successful surgery was evidently decreased (preoperative 0.7 +/- 0.2, postoperative 0.6 +/- 0.3, P = 0.007), but the complications like unformed anterior chamber were not observed. The mean follow-up period was 12 months. CONCUJSION: Improved viscocanalostomy improves the clinical effects of the patients with primary congenital glaucoma, such as higher success rates, lower postoperative mean IOP and fewer complications.