Relationship between parenting stress and behavioral and emotional problems in preschool children: A mediation effect analysis

BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current status of family rearing,parental stress,and behavioral and emotional problems of preschool children and to analyze the mediating effect of the current status of family rearing on parental stress and behavioral/emo-tional problems.METHODS We use convenience sampling to select 258 preschool children in the physical examination center of our hospital from October 2021 to September 2023.The children and their parents were evaluated using a questionnaire survey.Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between child behavioral and emotional problems and parental stress and family rearing,and the structural equation model was constructed to test the mediating effect.RESULTS The score for behavioral/emotional problems of 258 preschool children was(27.54±3.63),the score for parental stress was(87.64±11.34),and the score for parental family rearing was(31.54±5.24).There was a positive correlation between the behavioral and emotional problems of the children and the“hostile/mandatory”parenting style;meanwhile,showed a negative correlation with the“support/participation”parenting style(all P<0.05).The intermediary effect value between the family upbringing of parents in parental stress and children's behavior problems was 29.89%.CONCLUSION Parental family upbringing has a mediating effect between parental stress and behavioral and emotional problems of children.Despite paying attention to the behavioral and emotional problems of preschool-age children,clinical medical staff should provide correct and reasonable parenting advice to their parents to promote the mental health of preschool-age children.

Comparative study on emotional behavior and parental job stress of only-child and non-only-child preschool children

BACKGROUND Studies have revealed that Children's psychological,behavioral,and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment.In recent years,the family structure in China has undergone significant changes,with more families having two or three children.AIM To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children.METHODS Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and nononly child groups.Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared.Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age(difference less than or equal to 6 months),and the matched data were compared.The relationship between children's emotional behavior and parents'job stress before and after matching was analyzed.RESULTS Before matching,the mother's occupation,children's personality characteristics,and children's rearing patterns differed between the groups(P<0.05).After matching 550 pairs,differences in the children's parenting styles remained.There were significant differences in children's gender and parents'attitudes toward children between the two groups.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF)scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group(P<0.05).Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that after matching,there was a positive correlation between children's parenting style and parents'attitudes toward their children(r=0.096,P<0.01),and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children's gender,parents'attitudes toward their children,and SDQ scores(r=0.077,0.193,0.172,0.222).CONCLUSION Preschool children's emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families.Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors,and preschool children's emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure.

Correlation of sTREM-1 content with hepatic fibrosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in hepatic infective ascites

Objective: To study the correlation of sTREM-1 content with hepatic fibrosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in hepatic infective ascites. Methods: Patients with hepatic ascites who were treated in Zhongshan Nanlang Hospital and Boai Hospital of Zhongshan between January 2016 and May 2017 were selected and divided into positive infection group and negative non-infection group according to the bacterial culture results of ascites, and the patients with hypoalbuminemia complicated by ascites during the same period were selected as control group. The contents of sTREM-1, hepatic fibrosis indexes, inflammatory response indexes and oxidative stress response indexes in ascites as well as the contents of liver fibrosis indexes in serum were determined. Results: sTREM-1 content in ascites of infection group was higher than that of control group and non-infection group;LN and PIIINP contents in serum and ascites of infection group and non-infection group were greatly higher than those of control group, and IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, LAC, MCP-1, HBP, NGAL, MDA, NOX1, UCP2, iNOS and NO contents in ascites were higher than those of control group;LN and PIIINP contents in serum and ascites of infection group were greatly higher than those of non-infection group, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, LAC, MCP-1, HBP, NGAL, MDA, NOX1, UCP2, iNOS and NO contents in ascites were higher than those of non-infection group and they were positively correlated with sTREM-1 content in ascites. Conclusion: The abnormal increase of sTREM-1 in hepatic infective ascites is closely related to the process of liver fibrosis as well as the degree of inflammatory response and oxidative stress response.