Interleukin-18 Suppresses Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Implanted Lewis Lung Cancer

Objective： To investigate the effects of interleukin-18 （IL-18） on implanted Lewis lung cancer in suppressing angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Methods： One week after hypodermic inoculation of Lewis cells, sixteen tumor-bearing syngeneic mice were randomly divided into two groups. The mice in the treatment group （group A） were intraperitoneally injected with the IL-18 and in the control group （group B） were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline for 7 days. The mice were killed on day 19. The morphology of the tumors was studied, the growth curve was described and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The numbers of metastasized pulmonary colonies were calculated using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A）, vascular endothelial growth factor C （VEGF-C）, microvessel density （MVD） and lymphatic microvessel density （LMVD） in tumor mass were measured by immunohistochemistry staining （IHCS）. Results： In the group A, the tumor volume, tumor weigh, lung metastatic nodules, expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C, MVD were all decreased significantly （P0.01 or P0.05）. The tumor inhibition rate was 75% and the inhibition rate of lung metastatic nodules was 61%. The LMVD in group A was also lower than group B, but without significant difference （P0.05）. Conclusion： IL-18 could suppress the tumor growth and metastasis of implanted Lewis lung cancer by way of down-regulating VEGF-A and VEGF-C expression, suppressing angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.

Efficacy and Safety of the Chinese Herbal Compound TJAOA101 in Treating Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Protocol for Multicenter, Prospective, and Pre-Post Study

Objective Diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)can lead to early menopause,poor fecundity,and an increased risk of disorders such as osteoporosis,cardiovascular disease,and cognitive impairment,seriously affecting the physical and mental health of women.There is still no safe and effective strategy or method to combat DOR.We have developed a novel Chinese herbal formula,Tongji anti-ovarian aging 101(TJAOA101),to treat DOR.However,its safety and efficacy need to be further validated.Methods In this prospective and pre-post clinical trial,100 eligible patients aged 18–45 diagnosed with DOR will be recruited.All participants receive TJAOA101 twice a day for 3 months.Then,comparisons before and after treatment will be analyzed,and the outcomes,including anti-mullerian hormone(AMH)and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels and the antral follicle count(AFC),the recovery rate of menopause,and the Kupperman index(KMI),will be assessed at baseline,every month during medication(the intervention period),and 1,3 months after medication(the follow-up period).Assessments for adverse events will be performed during the intervention and follow-up periods.Conclusion A multicenter,prospective study will be conducted to further confirm the safety and efficacy of TJAOA101 in treating DOR and to provide new therapeutic strategies for improving the quality of life in DOR patients.