Deep oil and gas refer to oil and gas resources buried at a significant depth below the surface. Compared with conventional oil and gas, deep oil and gas often face more complex geological conditions and technological...Deep oil and gas refer to oil and gas resources buried at a significant depth below the surface. Compared with conventional oil and gas, deep oil and gas often face more complex geological conditions and technological challenges, therefore, the development and exploitation of these oil and gas resources require advanced technology and equipment. Use bibliometrics to study academic literature. Select available data and download it in “RefWorks” format. Import the data into Cite Space 6.3.R2 software for author collaboration and keyword emergence analysis and visualization. Use Microsoft Excel 2016 software to analyze the annual publication volume, literature institutions, and disciplinary distribution of domestic and international scholarly literature. Research has found that: 1) The institution with the highest number of publications in the field of deep oil and gas in China is the China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute;The author with the highest number of publications is Zhu Guangyou;The author with the highest citation frequency is Jia Chengzao;The research work in the field of deep oil and gas in China is mainly led by national level fund projects. 2) The research hot-spots of deep oil and gas in China are showing a trend of shifting from Jilin and Henan to Xinjiang and Sichuan. 3) The research on deep oil and gas fields in the Paleogene of China is mainly concentrated in Henan Province and Shandong Province. The Lower Tertiary, Cambrian and Jurassic are respectively concentrated in Dongpu Sag, Dongying Sag, Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, the Junggar Basin and Qaidam Basin in Qinghai. The Sinian, Ordovician, Cretaceous, and Neogene systems are mainly concentrated in Sichuan, Xinjiang, and Qinghai provinces. The Permian system is mainly located in the southwest and Northwest of China. This article uses a new research perspective and methodology to systematically analyze the current situation and future development trends of deep oil and gas exploration and development in China, which is of great significance for promoting effective exploration and development of deep oil and gas resources.展开更多
Monolithic carbon electrodes with robust mechanical integrity and porous architecture are highly desired for capacitive deionization but remain challenging.Owing to the excellent mechanical strength and electroconduct...Monolithic carbon electrodes with robust mechanical integrity and porous architecture are highly desired for capacitive deionization but remain challenging.Owing to the excellent mechanical strength and electroconductivity,commercial carbon fibers cloth demonstrates great potential as high-performance electrodes for ions storage.Despite this,its direct application on capacitive deionization is rarely reported in terms of limited pore structure and natural hydrophobicity.Herein,a powerful metal-organic framework-engaged structural regulation strategy is developed to boost the desalination properties of carbon fibers.The obtained porous carbon fibers features hierarchical porous structure and hydrophilic surface providing abundant ions-accessible sites,and continuous graphitized carbon core ensuring rapid electrons transport.The catalytic-etching mechanism involving oxidation of Co and subsequent carbonthermal reduction is proposed and highly relies on annealing temperature and holding time.When directly evaluated as a current collector-free capacitive deionization electrode,the porous carbon fibers demonstrates much superior desalination capability than pristine carbon fibers,and remarkable cyclic stability up to 20 h with negligible degeneration.Particularly,the PCF-1000 showcases the highest areal salt adsorption capacity of 0.037 mg cm^(−2) among carbon microfibers.Moreover,monolithic porous carbon fibers-carbon nanotubes with increased active sites and good structural integrity by in-situ growth of carbon nanotubes are further fabricated to enhance the desalination performance(0.051 mg cm^(−2)).This work demonstrates the great potential of carbon fibers in constructing high-efficient and robust monolithic electrode for capacitive deionization.展开更多
The imbalance of dissolved gas analysis(DGA)data will lead to over-fitting,weak generalization and poor recognition performance for fault diagnosis models based on deep learning.To handle this problem,a novel transfor...The imbalance of dissolved gas analysis(DGA)data will lead to over-fitting,weak generalization and poor recognition performance for fault diagnosis models based on deep learning.To handle this problem,a novel transformer fault diagnosis method based on improved auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network(ACGAN)under imbalanced data is proposed in this paper,which meets both the requirements of balancing DGA data and supplying accurate diagnosis results.The generator combines one-dimensional convolutional neural networks(1D-CNN)and long short-term memories(LSTM),which can deeply extract the features from DGA samples and be greatly beneficial to ACGAN’s data balancing and fault diagnosis.The discriminator adopts multilayer perceptron networks(MLP),which prevents the discriminator from losing important features of DGA data when the network is too complex and the number of layers is too large.The experimental results suggest that the presented approach can effectively improve the adverse effects of DGA data imbalance on the deep learning models,enhance fault diagnosis performance and supply desirable diagnosis accuracy up to 99.46%.Furthermore,the comparison results indicate the fault diagnosis performance of the proposed approach is superior to that of other conventional methods.Therefore,the method presented in this study has excellent and reliable fault diagnosis performance for various unbalanced datasets.In addition,the proposed approach can also solve the problems of insufficient and imbalanced fault data in other practical application fields.展开更多
Invasion of drilling fluid into natural gas hydrate deposits during drilling might damage the reservoir,induce hydrate dissociation and then cause wellbore instability and distortion of the data from well logging. Add...Invasion of drilling fluid into natural gas hydrate deposits during drilling might damage the reservoir,induce hydrate dissociation and then cause wellbore instability and distortion of the data from well logging. Adding nanoparticles into drilling fluid is an effective method in reducing the invasion of drilling fluid and enhancing borehole stability. However, the addition of nanoparticles might also introduce hydrate formation risk in borehole because they can act as the "seeds" for hydrate nucleation. This paper presents an experimental study of the effect of hydrophilic silica nanoparticle on gas hydrate formation in a dynamic methane/liquid-water system. In the experiment, the ultrapure water with and without1.0 wt%–6.0 wt% concentrations of silica nanoparticles, grain sizes of 20 and 50 nm, were pressurized by methane gas under varied conditions of temperature and pressure. The induction time, the gas consumption, and the average rate of gas consumption in the system were measured and compared to those in ultrapure water. The results show that a concentration of 4.0 wt% hydrophilic SiO_2 particles with a grain size of 50 nm has a relatively strong inhibition effect on hydrate formation when the initial experimental condition is 5.0 °C and 5.0 MPa. Compared to ultrapure water, the hydrophilic nano-SiO_2 fluid increases the induction time for hydrate formation by 194% and decreases the amount and average rate of hydrate formation by 10% and 17%, respectively. This inhibition effect may be attributed to the hydrophilicity,amount and aggregation of silica nanoparticle according to the results of water activity and zeta potential measurements. Our work also elucidates hydrophilic, instead of hydrophobic, nanoparticles can be added to the drilling fluid to maintain wellbore stability and to protect the hydrate reservoir from drilling mud damage, because they exhibit certain degree of hydrate inhibition which can reduce the risk of hydrate reformation and aggregation during gas hydrate or deep water drilling if their concentration can be controlled properly.展开更多
Fluorescence microscopy has become an essential tool for biologists,to visualize the dynamics of intracellular structures with specific labeling.Quantitatively measuring the dynamics of moving objects inside the cell ...Fluorescence microscopy has become an essential tool for biologists,to visualize the dynamics of intracellular structures with specific labeling.Quantitatively measuring the dynamics of moving objects inside the cell is pivotal for understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanism.Protein-containing vesicles are involved in various biological processes such as material transportation,organelle interaction,and hormonal regulation,whose dynamic characteristics are signi¯cant to disease diagnosis and drug screening.Although some algorithms have been developed for vesicle tracking,most of them have limited performance when dealing with images with low resolution,poor signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and complicated motion.Here,we proposed a novel deep learning-based method for intracellular vesicle tracking.We trained the U-Net for vesicle localization and motion classification,with demonstrates great performance in both simulated datasets and real biological samples.By combination with fan-shaped tracker(FsT)we have previously developed,this hybrid new algorithm significantly improved the performance of particle tracking with the function of subsequently automated vesicle motion classification.Furthermore,its performance was further demonstrated in analyzing with vesicle dynamics in different temperature,which achieved reasonable outcomes.Thus,we anticipate that this novel method would have vast applications in analyzing the vesicle dynamics in living cells.展开更多
Analyzing the complex structures and functions of brain is the key issue to understanding the physiological and pathological processes.Although neuronal morphology and local distribution of neurons/blood vessels in th...Analyzing the complex structures and functions of brain is the key issue to understanding the physiological and pathological processes.Although neuronal morphology and local distribution of neurons/blood vessels in the brain have been known,the subcellular structures of cells remain challenging,especially in the live brain.In addition,the complicated brain functions involve numerous functional molecules,but the concentrations,distributions and interactions of these molecules in the brain are still poorly understood.In this review,frontier techniques available for multiscale structure imaging from organelles to the whole brain are first overviewed,including magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),computed tomography(CT),positron emission tomography(PET),serial-section electron microscopy(ss EM),light microscopy(LM)and synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy(XRM).Specially,XRM for three-dimensional(3D)imaging of large-scale brain tissue with high resolution and fast imaging speed is highlighted.Additionally,the development of elegant methods for acquisition of brain functions from electrical/chemical signals in the brain is outlined.In particular,the new electrophysiology technologies for neural recordings at the single-neuron level and in the brain are also summarized.We also focus on the construction of electrochemical probes based on dual-recognition strategy and surface/interface chemistry for determination of chemical species in the brain with high selectivity and long-term stability,as well as electrochemophysiological microarray for simultaneously recording of electrochemical and electrophysiological signals in the brain.Moreover,the recent development of brain MRI probes with high contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)and sensitivity based on hyperpolarized techniques and multi-nuclear chemistry is introduced.Furthermore,multiple optical probes and instruments,especially the optophysiological Raman probes and fiber Raman photometry,for imaging and biosensing in live brain are emphasized.Finally,a brief perspective on existing challenges and further research development is provided.展开更多
To further understand the characteristics of clay and sand production(hereafter collectively referred to as sand production)and to provide optimization designs of sand control schemes are critical for gas production f...To further understand the characteristics of clay and sand production(hereafter collectively referred to as sand production)and to provide optimization designs of sand control schemes are critical for gas production from clayey silt natural gas hydrate reservoirs in the South China Sea.Thus,gas-water-sand production behavoirs and coupling reservoir subsidence characteristics before,during,and after hydrate dissociation of the clayey silt hydrate reservoirs with different clay contents(5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,and 30%)have been studied through a self-developed experimental system.The results show that with the increase of clay content,the total mass of sand production first increases and then decreases,and it reaches maximum when the clayey content is 20%.The sand production is the lowest before hydrate dissociation and increases significantly during hydrate dissociation,which mainly occurs in the high-speed gas and water production stage at the beginning of hydrate dissociation.After hydrate dissociation,the sand production decreases significantly.During the whole depressurization process,the clay and free sand particles generally move to the sand outlet due to the fluid driving force and overlying stress extrusion.However,for conditions of high clay contents,those particles fail to pass through the sand control screen and gradually accumulate and block the screen by forming a mud cake,which greatly reduce the permeability of the screen and limite sand production as well as gas and water production.Our research lays a foundation for sand production prediction and sand control scheme selection during gas recovery from clayey silty hydrate reservoirs that greatly need to consider a balance between sand control and gas productivity.展开更多
To the Editor:Over the past few years,the number of cancer survivors has continued to increase,primarily driven by the growing and aging population and the improvements in cancer detection and treatment.More than 16.9...To the Editor:Over the past few years,the number of cancer survivors has continued to increase,primarily driven by the growing and aging population and the improvements in cancer detection and treatment.More than 16.9 million Americans with prior cancers were alive on January 1,2019,and the number of cancer survivors was estimated to reach>22.1 million by January 1,2030.[1]The lifetime risk of individual second primary cancer(SPC)has been confirmed when confronted with such a large amount of cancer survivors.[2]Definition of specific site is shown in supplementary material,http://links.lww.com/CM9/B616.展开更多
Increasing evidences suggest the important role of calcium homeostasis in hallmarks of cancer,but its function and regulatory network in metastasis remain unclear.A comprehensive investigation of key regulators in can...Increasing evidences suggest the important role of calcium homeostasis in hallmarks of cancer,but its function and regulatory network in metastasis remain unclear.A comprehensive investigation of key regulators in cancer metastasis is urgently needed.Transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq)of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and matched metastatic tissues and a series of gain/loss-of-function experiments identified potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 4(KCTD4)as a driver of cancer metastasis.KCTD4 expression was found upregulated in metastatic ESCC.High KCTD4 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC and contributes to cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo.Mechanistically,KCTD4 binds to CLIC1 and disrupts its dimerization,thus increasing intracellular Ca^(2+)level to enhance NFATc1-dependent fibronectin transcription.KCTD4-induced fibronectin secretion activates fibroblasts in a paracrine manner,which in turn promotes cancer cell invasion via MMP24 signaling as positive feedback.Furthermore,a lead compound K279-0738 significantly suppresses cancer metastasis by targeting the KCTD4-CLIC1 interaction,providing a potential therapeutic strategy.Taken together,our study not only uncovers KCTD4 as a regulator of calcium homeostasis,but also reveals KCTD4/CLIC1-Ca^(2+)-NFATc1-fibronectin signaling as a novel mechanism of cancer metastasis.These findings validate KCTD4 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC.展开更多
In this paper,the authors consider the range of a certain class of ASH algebras in[An,Q.,Elliott,G.A.,Li,Z.and Liu,Z.,The classification of certain ASH C^(*)-algebras of real rank zero,J.Topol.Anal.,14(1),2022,183–20...In this paper,the authors consider the range of a certain class of ASH algebras in[An,Q.,Elliott,G.A.,Li,Z.and Liu,Z.,The classification of certain ASH C^(*)-algebras of real rank zero,J.Topol.Anal.,14(1),2022,183–202],which is under the scheme of the Elliott program in the setting of real rank zero C^(*)-algebras.As a reduction theorem,they prove that all these ASH algebras are still the AD algebras studied in[Dadarlat,M.and Loring,T.A.,Classifying C^(*)-algebras via ordered,mod-p K-theory,Math.Ann.,305,1996,601–616].展开更多
Multifunctional catalysts that exhibit high catalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in a single material hold great promise for b...Multifunctional catalysts that exhibit high catalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in a single material hold great promise for broad-spectrum applications,including overall water splitting,fuel cells,and metal-air batteries.In this first-principles study,Cu_(3) N is computationally demonstrated as a multifunctional electrocatalyst for the HER,OER,and ORR owing to the unique coordination of N and Cu atoms on the(001)surface.Cu_(3) N exhibits better HER catalytic activity than noble Pt-based catalysts.Furthermore,its OER and ORR catalytic activity is comparable to that of commercialized unifunctional catalysts,and its 4e-pathway selectivity is high during the ORR.The catalytic performance of the ORR is significantly improved by the introduction of vacancy defects.The integration of highly efficient HER,OER,and ORR catalytic performance in earth-abundant Cu_(3) N not only opens an avenue for developing cost-efficient omnipotent catalysts but also facilitates advances in clean and renewable energy.展开更多
Photo-stimulated luminescence(PSL) is the process in which trapped charges are released by photons and produce luminescence through recombination. The variegated optical characteristics of photostimulated phosphors(PS...Photo-stimulated luminescence(PSL) is the process in which trapped charges are released by photons and produce luminescence through recombination. The variegated optical characteristics of photostimulated phosphors(PSPs) have drawn increasing attention and a large body of work encompassing mechanism and application of PSPs has been addressed. The optical data storage capacity resulting from abundant defect states enables PSPs to be applied to information storage. Moreover, PSPs provide potential application for anti-counterfeiting, as color changes due to the tunneling process. Recently, near infrared(NIR) light PSPs have been developed, exhibiting enormous potential for in vivo bio-imaging, as the stable and high noise-signal ratio characteristic of PSL. In this review, we devote to introducing the development and process of PSPs, and the challenge and future advance have also been demonstrated.展开更多
Dear Editor,In recent years,the incidence of multifocal lung cancer is increasing,called multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC).Synchronous MPLC(sMPLC)is defined by multiple malignant lesions occurring at the same time.1 ...Dear Editor,In recent years,the incidence of multifocal lung cancer is increasing,called multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC).Synchronous MPLC(sMPLC)is defined by multiple malignant lesions occurring at the same time.1 In clinical practice,it was always extremely difficult to remove all lesions simultaneously for sMPLC patients.However,unresected GGO lesions after primary surgery frequently caught the risk of progression.展开更多
As the most important part of the central nervous system,the brain is extremely complex in structure and function.In vivo analysis of chemical signals is an essential way to investigate brain activity and function.Alt...As the most important part of the central nervous system,the brain is extremely complex in structure and function.In vivo analysis of chemical signals is an essential way to investigate brain activity and function.Although functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)or electrophysiology can be used to record brain activity,they are usually limited by low spatiotemporal fidelity or the difficulty of distinguishing the contributions of various neurochemicals.In addition,the development of in vivo biosensors with high selectivity and accuracy is essential to understand the roles that neurochemicals play in the brain.In this review,we focus on the development of instruments and devices for recording chemical signals in the live brain.Meanwhile,the strategies for development of electrochemical and fluorescent probes with high selectivity,high accuracy and good stability are also summarized.In particular,this review highlighted the contributions of our research group to this field.The development of techniques and probes enable us to understand the brain structure and function,and the mechanism of brain diseases,providing the solution for preventing and treating brain diseases.展开更多
To determine whether a potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KDP)surface mitigated by micro-milling would potentially threaten downstream optics,we calculated the light-field modulation based on angular spectrum diffraction ...To determine whether a potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KDP)surface mitigated by micro-milling would potentially threaten downstream optics,we calculated the light-field modulation based on angular spectrum diffraction theory,and performed a laser damage test on downstream fused silica.The results showed that the downstream light intensification caused by a Gaussian mitigation pit of 800μm width and 10μm depth reached a peak value near the KDP rear surface,decreased sharply afterward,and eventually kept stable with the increase in downstream distance.The solved peak value of light intensification exceeded 6 in a range 8–19 mm downstream from the KDP rear surface,which is the most dangerous for downstream optics.Laser damage sites were then induced on the fused silica surface in subsequent laser damage tests.When the distance downstream was greater than 44 mm with a downstream light intensification of less than 3,there were no potential damage threats to downstream optics.The study proves that a mitigated KDP surface can cause laser damage to downstream optical components,to which attention should be paid in an actual application.Through this work,we find that the current manufacturing process and the mitigation index still need to be improved.The research methods and calculation models are also of great reference significance for related studies like optics mitigation and laser damage.展开更多
文摘Deep oil and gas refer to oil and gas resources buried at a significant depth below the surface. Compared with conventional oil and gas, deep oil and gas often face more complex geological conditions and technological challenges, therefore, the development and exploitation of these oil and gas resources require advanced technology and equipment. Use bibliometrics to study academic literature. Select available data and download it in “RefWorks” format. Import the data into Cite Space 6.3.R2 software for author collaboration and keyword emergence analysis and visualization. Use Microsoft Excel 2016 software to analyze the annual publication volume, literature institutions, and disciplinary distribution of domestic and international scholarly literature. Research has found that: 1) The institution with the highest number of publications in the field of deep oil and gas in China is the China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute;The author with the highest number of publications is Zhu Guangyou;The author with the highest citation frequency is Jia Chengzao;The research work in the field of deep oil and gas in China is mainly led by national level fund projects. 2) The research hot-spots of deep oil and gas in China are showing a trend of shifting from Jilin and Henan to Xinjiang and Sichuan. 3) The research on deep oil and gas fields in the Paleogene of China is mainly concentrated in Henan Province and Shandong Province. The Lower Tertiary, Cambrian and Jurassic are respectively concentrated in Dongpu Sag, Dongying Sag, Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, the Junggar Basin and Qaidam Basin in Qinghai. The Sinian, Ordovician, Cretaceous, and Neogene systems are mainly concentrated in Sichuan, Xinjiang, and Qinghai provinces. The Permian system is mainly located in the southwest and Northwest of China. This article uses a new research perspective and methodology to systematically analyze the current situation and future development trends of deep oil and gas exploration and development in China, which is of great significance for promoting effective exploration and development of deep oil and gas resources.
基金We gratefully acknowledge financial supports from the Natural Science Founda-tion of Shandong Province (No.ZR2020QE066)Taishan Scholar Project (No.ts201511080)+1 种基金the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2020M672081)Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Tech-nology for Float Glass (No.2020KF08).
文摘Monolithic carbon electrodes with robust mechanical integrity and porous architecture are highly desired for capacitive deionization but remain challenging.Owing to the excellent mechanical strength and electroconductivity,commercial carbon fibers cloth demonstrates great potential as high-performance electrodes for ions storage.Despite this,its direct application on capacitive deionization is rarely reported in terms of limited pore structure and natural hydrophobicity.Herein,a powerful metal-organic framework-engaged structural regulation strategy is developed to boost the desalination properties of carbon fibers.The obtained porous carbon fibers features hierarchical porous structure and hydrophilic surface providing abundant ions-accessible sites,and continuous graphitized carbon core ensuring rapid electrons transport.The catalytic-etching mechanism involving oxidation of Co and subsequent carbonthermal reduction is proposed and highly relies on annealing temperature and holding time.When directly evaluated as a current collector-free capacitive deionization electrode,the porous carbon fibers demonstrates much superior desalination capability than pristine carbon fibers,and remarkable cyclic stability up to 20 h with negligible degeneration.Particularly,the PCF-1000 showcases the highest areal salt adsorption capacity of 0.037 mg cm^(−2) among carbon microfibers.Moreover,monolithic porous carbon fibers-carbon nanotubes with increased active sites and good structural integrity by in-situ growth of carbon nanotubes are further fabricated to enhance the desalination performance(0.051 mg cm^(−2)).This work demonstrates the great potential of carbon fibers in constructing high-efficient and robust monolithic electrode for capacitive deionization.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of national natural science foundation of China(No.52067021)natural science foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01C35)+1 种基金excellent youth scientific and technological talents plan of Xinjiang(No.2019Q012)major science&technology special project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022A01002-2).
文摘The imbalance of dissolved gas analysis(DGA)data will lead to over-fitting,weak generalization and poor recognition performance for fault diagnosis models based on deep learning.To handle this problem,a novel transformer fault diagnosis method based on improved auxiliary classifier generative adversarial network(ACGAN)under imbalanced data is proposed in this paper,which meets both the requirements of balancing DGA data and supplying accurate diagnosis results.The generator combines one-dimensional convolutional neural networks(1D-CNN)and long short-term memories(LSTM),which can deeply extract the features from DGA samples and be greatly beneficial to ACGAN’s data balancing and fault diagnosis.The discriminator adopts multilayer perceptron networks(MLP),which prevents the discriminator from losing important features of DGA data when the network is too complex and the number of layers is too large.The experimental results suggest that the presented approach can effectively improve the adverse effects of DGA data imbalance on the deep learning models,enhance fault diagnosis performance and supply desirable diagnosis accuracy up to 99.46%.Furthermore,the comparison results indicate the fault diagnosis performance of the proposed approach is superior to that of other conventional methods.Therefore,the method presented in this study has excellent and reliable fault diagnosis performance for various unbalanced datasets.In addition,the proposed approach can also solve the problems of insufficient and imbalanced fault data in other practical application fields.
基金supported by National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Programthe National Natural Science Foundationof China(41672367,51704266)+2 种基金China Geological Survey Project(DD20160216)Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Open Fund(QNLM2016ORP0203)Experimental Apparatus Improvement Program of CUG(SJ-201613)
文摘Invasion of drilling fluid into natural gas hydrate deposits during drilling might damage the reservoir,induce hydrate dissociation and then cause wellbore instability and distortion of the data from well logging. Adding nanoparticles into drilling fluid is an effective method in reducing the invasion of drilling fluid and enhancing borehole stability. However, the addition of nanoparticles might also introduce hydrate formation risk in borehole because they can act as the "seeds" for hydrate nucleation. This paper presents an experimental study of the effect of hydrophilic silica nanoparticle on gas hydrate formation in a dynamic methane/liquid-water system. In the experiment, the ultrapure water with and without1.0 wt%–6.0 wt% concentrations of silica nanoparticles, grain sizes of 20 and 50 nm, were pressurized by methane gas under varied conditions of temperature and pressure. The induction time, the gas consumption, and the average rate of gas consumption in the system were measured and compared to those in ultrapure water. The results show that a concentration of 4.0 wt% hydrophilic SiO_2 particles with a grain size of 50 nm has a relatively strong inhibition effect on hydrate formation when the initial experimental condition is 5.0 °C and 5.0 MPa. Compared to ultrapure water, the hydrophilic nano-SiO_2 fluid increases the induction time for hydrate formation by 194% and decreases the amount and average rate of hydrate formation by 10% and 17%, respectively. This inhibition effect may be attributed to the hydrophilicity,amount and aggregation of silica nanoparticle according to the results of water activity and zeta potential measurements. Our work also elucidates hydrophilic, instead of hydrophobic, nanoparticles can be added to the drilling fluid to maintain wellbore stability and to protect the hydrate reservoir from drilling mud damage, because they exhibit certain degree of hydrate inhibition which can reduce the risk of hydrate reformation and aggregation during gas hydrate or deep water drilling if their concentration can be controlled properly.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0700305 and 2018YFE0119000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22104129 and 62105288)+1 种基金Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Research Plan(2022C03014)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021XZZX022)and Alibaba Cloud.
文摘Fluorescence microscopy has become an essential tool for biologists,to visualize the dynamics of intracellular structures with specific labeling.Quantitatively measuring the dynamics of moving objects inside the cell is pivotal for understanding of the underlying regulatory mechanism.Protein-containing vesicles are involved in various biological processes such as material transportation,organelle interaction,and hormonal regulation,whose dynamic characteristics are signi¯cant to disease diagnosis and drug screening.Although some algorithms have been developed for vesicle tracking,most of them have limited performance when dealing with images with low resolution,poor signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and complicated motion.Here,we proposed a novel deep learning-based method for intracellular vesicle tracking.We trained the U-Net for vesicle localization and motion classification,with demonstrates great performance in both simulated datasets and real biological samples.By combination with fan-shaped tracker(FsT)we have previously developed,this hybrid new algorithm significantly improved the performance of particle tracking with the function of subsequently automated vesicle motion classification.Furthermore,its performance was further demonstrated in analyzing with vesicle dynamics in different temperature,which achieved reasonable outcomes.Thus,we anticipate that this novel method would have vast applications in analyzing the vesicle dynamics in living cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22004037 for Liu Z22022410 and 82050005 for Zhu Y+9 种基金22022402 and 21974051 for Zhang L21635003 and21811540027 for Tian Y22125701 and 21834007 for Liu K22020102003for Zhang H91859206 and 21921004 for Zhou X)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(201701070005E00020 for Tian Y)the Research Funds of Happiness Flower ECNU(2020JK2103 for Tian Y)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(19JC1410300 for Fan C)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2016236 for Zhu Y)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2018YFA0704000 for Zhou X)。
文摘Analyzing the complex structures and functions of brain is the key issue to understanding the physiological and pathological processes.Although neuronal morphology and local distribution of neurons/blood vessels in the brain have been known,the subcellular structures of cells remain challenging,especially in the live brain.In addition,the complicated brain functions involve numerous functional molecules,but the concentrations,distributions and interactions of these molecules in the brain are still poorly understood.In this review,frontier techniques available for multiscale structure imaging from organelles to the whole brain are first overviewed,including magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),computed tomography(CT),positron emission tomography(PET),serial-section electron microscopy(ss EM),light microscopy(LM)and synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy(XRM).Specially,XRM for three-dimensional(3D)imaging of large-scale brain tissue with high resolution and fast imaging speed is highlighted.Additionally,the development of elegant methods for acquisition of brain functions from electrical/chemical signals in the brain is outlined.In particular,the new electrophysiology technologies for neural recordings at the single-neuron level and in the brain are also summarized.We also focus on the construction of electrochemical probes based on dual-recognition strategy and surface/interface chemistry for determination of chemical species in the brain with high selectivity and long-term stability,as well as electrochemophysiological microarray for simultaneously recording of electrochemical and electrophysiological signals in the brain.Moreover,the recent development of brain MRI probes with high contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)and sensitivity based on hyperpolarized techniques and multi-nuclear chemistry is introduced.Furthermore,multiple optical probes and instruments,especially the optophysiological Raman probes and fiber Raman photometry,for imaging and biosensing in live brain are emphasized.Finally,a brief perspective on existing challenges and further research development is provided.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0126400)China Geological Survey Project(DD20190232)+1 种基金Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Open Fund(QNLM2016ORP0203)Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province Project(GDNRC[2020]-047).
文摘To further understand the characteristics of clay and sand production(hereafter collectively referred to as sand production)and to provide optimization designs of sand control schemes are critical for gas production from clayey silt natural gas hydrate reservoirs in the South China Sea.Thus,gas-water-sand production behavoirs and coupling reservoir subsidence characteristics before,during,and after hydrate dissociation of the clayey silt hydrate reservoirs with different clay contents(5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,and 30%)have been studied through a self-developed experimental system.The results show that with the increase of clay content,the total mass of sand production first increases and then decreases,and it reaches maximum when the clayey content is 20%.The sand production is the lowest before hydrate dissociation and increases significantly during hydrate dissociation,which mainly occurs in the high-speed gas and water production stage at the beginning of hydrate dissociation.After hydrate dissociation,the sand production decreases significantly.During the whole depressurization process,the clay and free sand particles generally move to the sand outlet due to the fluid driving force and overlying stress extrusion.However,for conditions of high clay contents,those particles fail to pass through the sand control screen and gradually accumulate and block the screen by forming a mud cake,which greatly reduce the permeability of the screen and limite sand production as well as gas and water production.Our research lays a foundation for sand production prediction and sand control scheme selection during gas recovery from clayey silty hydrate reservoirs that greatly need to consider a balance between sand control and gas productivity.
基金China National Science Foundation(No.81871893)Key Project of Guangzhou Scientific Research Project(No.201804020030)
文摘To the Editor:Over the past few years,the number of cancer survivors has continued to increase,primarily driven by the growing and aging population and the improvements in cancer detection and treatment.More than 16.9 million Americans with prior cancers were alive on January 1,2019,and the number of cancer survivors was estimated to reach>22.1 million by January 1,2030.[1]The lifetime risk of individual second primary cancer(SPC)has been confirmed when confronted with such a large amount of cancer survivors.[2]Definition of specific site is shown in supplementary material,http://links.lww.com/CM9/B616.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273368,82073196,82204455)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2501900)+4 种基金Natural Science foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515011158,2021A0505030035,China)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation Outstanding Youth Project(2023B1515020012,China)Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(202201020032,China)Key Laboratory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes(2021KSY009,China)Open Project funded by the MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology(2023 Open Project-50411651-2020-1,China)。
文摘Increasing evidences suggest the important role of calcium homeostasis in hallmarks of cancer,but its function and regulatory network in metastasis remain unclear.A comprehensive investigation of key regulators in cancer metastasis is urgently needed.Transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq)of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and matched metastatic tissues and a series of gain/loss-of-function experiments identified potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 4(KCTD4)as a driver of cancer metastasis.KCTD4 expression was found upregulated in metastatic ESCC.High KCTD4 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC and contributes to cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo.Mechanistically,KCTD4 binds to CLIC1 and disrupts its dimerization,thus increasing intracellular Ca^(2+)level to enhance NFATc1-dependent fibronectin transcription.KCTD4-induced fibronectin secretion activates fibroblasts in a paracrine manner,which in turn promotes cancer cell invasion via MMP24 signaling as positive feedback.Furthermore,a lead compound K279-0738 significantly suppresses cancer metastasis by targeting the KCTD4-CLIC1 interaction,providing a potential therapeutic strategy.Taken together,our study not only uncovers KCTD4 as a regulator of calcium homeostasis,but also reveals KCTD4/CLIC1-Ca^(2+)-NFATc1-fibronectin signaling as a novel mechanism of cancer metastasis.These findings validate KCTD4 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12101113,12101102,11920101001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2412021QD001,DUT20RC(3)064)。
文摘In this paper,the authors consider the range of a certain class of ASH algebras in[An,Q.,Elliott,G.A.,Li,Z.and Liu,Z.,The classification of certain ASH C^(*)-algebras of real rank zero,J.Topol.Anal.,14(1),2022,183–202],which is under the scheme of the Elliott program in the setting of real rank zero C^(*)-algebras.As a reduction theorem,they prove that all these ASH algebras are still the AD algebras studied in[Dadarlat,M.and Loring,T.A.,Classifying C^(*)-algebras via ordered,mod-p K-theory,Math.Ann.,305,1996,601–616].
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shan-dong Province(ZR2021QA089)Doctor Foundation of Yantai Uni-versity(No.2220005).
文摘Multifunctional catalysts that exhibit high catalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in a single material hold great promise for broad-spectrum applications,including overall water splitting,fuel cells,and metal-air batteries.In this first-principles study,Cu_(3) N is computationally demonstrated as a multifunctional electrocatalyst for the HER,OER,and ORR owing to the unique coordination of N and Cu atoms on the(001)surface.Cu_(3) N exhibits better HER catalytic activity than noble Pt-based catalysts.Furthermore,its OER and ORR catalytic activity is comparable to that of commercialized unifunctional catalysts,and its 4e-pathway selectivity is high during the ORR.The catalytic performance of the ORR is significantly improved by the introduction of vacancy defects.The integration of highly efficient HER,OER,and ORR catalytic performance in earth-abundant Cu_(3) N not only opens an avenue for developing cost-efficient omnipotent catalysts but also facilitates advances in clean and renewable energy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61565009,11664022,11804038)the Foundation of Natural Science of Yunnan Province(2016FB088)+3 种基金the Reserve Talents Project of Yunnan Province(2017HB011)the Young Talents Support Program of Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology(14078342)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(cstc2017jcyjAX0418,cstc2018jcyjAX0569)Foundation of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences(R2016DQ10)
文摘Photo-stimulated luminescence(PSL) is the process in which trapped charges are released by photons and produce luminescence through recombination. The variegated optical characteristics of photostimulated phosphors(PSPs) have drawn increasing attention and a large body of work encompassing mechanism and application of PSPs has been addressed. The optical data storage capacity resulting from abundant defect states enables PSPs to be applied to information storage. Moreover, PSPs provide potential application for anti-counterfeiting, as color changes due to the tunneling process. Recently, near infrared(NIR) light PSPs have been developed, exhibiting enormous potential for in vivo bio-imaging, as the stable and high noise-signal ratio characteristic of PSL. In this review, we devote to introducing the development and process of PSPs, and the challenge and future advance have also been demonstrated.
基金supported by the following funding:The grant 2016YFC0905400 from the National Key R&D Program of ChinaChina National Science Foundation(Grant No.81871893&No.81501996)+2 种基金Key Project of Guangzhou Scientific Research Project(Grant No.201804020030)High-level university construction project of Guangzhou medical university(Grant No.20182737,201721007,201715907,2017160107)National key R&D Program(Grant No.2017YFC0907903&2017YFC0112704).
文摘Dear Editor,In recent years,the incidence of multifocal lung cancer is increasing,called multiple primary lung cancer(MPLC).Synchronous MPLC(sMPLC)is defined by multiple malignant lesions occurring at the same time.1 In clinical practice,it was always extremely difficult to remove all lesions simultaneously for sMPLC patients.However,unresected GGO lesions after primary surgery frequently caught the risk of progression.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21635003,21827814,21811540027,22004037)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(201701070005E00020)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019TQ0095,2020M681225).
文摘As the most important part of the central nervous system,the brain is extremely complex in structure and function.In vivo analysis of chemical signals is an essential way to investigate brain activity and function.Although functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)or electrophysiology can be used to record brain activity,they are usually limited by low spatiotemporal fidelity or the difficulty of distinguishing the contributions of various neurochemicals.In addition,the development of in vivo biosensors with high selectivity and accuracy is essential to understand the roles that neurochemicals play in the brain.In this review,we focus on the development of instruments and devices for recording chemical signals in the live brain.Meanwhile,the strategies for development of electrochemical and fluorescent probes with high selectivity,high accuracy and good stability are also summarized.In particular,this review highlighted the contributions of our research group to this field.The development of techniques and probes enable us to understand the brain structure and function,and the mechanism of brain diseases,providing the solution for preventing and treating brain diseases.
基金supported by the Science Challenge Project(No.TZ2016006-0503-01)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51775147 and 51705105)+3 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2018QNRC001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2017M621260 and 2018T110288)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(No.LBH-Z17090)Self-Planned Task Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System(HIT)of China(Nos.SKLRS201718A and SKLRS201803B)。
文摘To determine whether a potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KDP)surface mitigated by micro-milling would potentially threaten downstream optics,we calculated the light-field modulation based on angular spectrum diffraction theory,and performed a laser damage test on downstream fused silica.The results showed that the downstream light intensification caused by a Gaussian mitigation pit of 800μm width and 10μm depth reached a peak value near the KDP rear surface,decreased sharply afterward,and eventually kept stable with the increase in downstream distance.The solved peak value of light intensification exceeded 6 in a range 8–19 mm downstream from the KDP rear surface,which is the most dangerous for downstream optics.Laser damage sites were then induced on the fused silica surface in subsequent laser damage tests.When the distance downstream was greater than 44 mm with a downstream light intensification of less than 3,there were no potential damage threats to downstream optics.The study proves that a mitigated KDP surface can cause laser damage to downstream optical components,to which attention should be paid in an actual application.Through this work,we find that the current manufacturing process and the mitigation index still need to be improved.The research methods and calculation models are also of great reference significance for related studies like optics mitigation and laser damage.
