A peak enhancement of frequency response of waveguide integrated silicon-based germanium avalanche photodetector

Avalanche photodetectors(APDs) featuring an avalanche multiplication region are vital for reaching high sensitivity and responsivity in optical transceivers. Waveguide-coupled Ge-on-Si separate absorption, charge, and multiplication(SACM)APDs are popular due to their straightforward fabrication process, low optical propagation loss, and high detection sensitivity in optical communications. This paper introduces a lateral SACM Ge-on-Si APD on a silicon-on-insulator(SOI) wafer, featuring a 10 μm-long, 0.5 μm-wide Ge layer at 1310 nm on a standard 8-inch silicon photonics platform. The dark current measures approximately 38.6 μA at-21 V, indicating a breakdown voltage greater than-21 V for the device. The APDs exhibit a unitgain responsivity of 0.5 A/W at-10 V. At-15 V, their responsivity reaches 2.98 and 2.91 A/W with input powers of-10 and-25 dBm, respectively. The device's 3-dB bandwidth is 15 GHz with an input power of-15 dBm and a gain is 11.68. Experimental results show a peak in impedance at high bias voltages, attributed to inductor and capacitor(LC) circuit resonance, enhancing frequency response. Furthermore, 20 Gbps eye diagrams at-21 V and-9 dBm input power reveal signal to noise ratio(SNRs) of 5.30. This lateral SACM APD, compatible with the stand complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) process,shows that utilizing the peaking effect at low optical power increases bandwidth.

Granulation of filamentous microorganisms in a sequencing batch reactor with saline wastewater

Proliferation of filamentous microorganisms frequently leads to operational failure for activate sludge systems. In this study, it was found that filamentous microorganisms could grow in compact granular structure with 5% sodium chloride in the substrate. In the early period of experiment, coccoid and rode-like bacteria predominated in the yellowish-brown granules, and later the white and the black granules were developed by filamentous microorganisms. The filamentous granules exhibited low porosity and fast settling velocity, and were more compact even than bacteria granules. It was hypothesized that the elevated pH in the later period might be a possible reason for the compact growth of filamentous granules. However, the bacteria granules showed the high bioactivity in terms of specific oxygen utilizing rate, and comprised of a wider diversity of compounds based on the thermogravimetric evaluation. The findings in this study demonstrated that filamentous microbes could form compact granular structure, which may encourage the utilization of filamentous microorganisms rather than the inhibition of their growth, as the latter is frequently used for sludge bulking control.

c-Fos expression within the L_5 spinal cord dorsal horn after spinal nerve ligation in rats Is intraplantar administration of glutamate different from intrathecal administration?

BACKGROUND： Injection of glutamate （Glu） in normal animals can cause neuronal c-Fos expression; however, whether Glu can induce spinal neuronal c-Fos expression in pain models is unclear. OBJECTIVE： To examine the effects of intraplantar and intrathecal injection of Glu on c-Fos expression in the L5 spinal cord dorsal horn Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ layers after spinal nerve ligation, and to study the effects of the N-methyI-D-aspartic acid （NMDA） receptor antagonist, D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate （D-AP5）, and a selective group I mGluR antagonist, 7-hydroyiminocyclo propan[a]chromen-lacarboxylic acid ethyl ester （cpccoEt）. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled animal study was performed at the Department of Pharmacology, Oral Anatomy, and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, from December 2005 to December 2006. MATERIALS： Glu （5 μmol）, D-AP5 （50 nmot） and cpccoEt （250 nmol） were provided by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan, and diluted in saline （50 μL）. The pH of all solutions was adjusted to 7.4. METHODS： Twelve rats were randomly divided into sham operation （n = 6） and spinal nerve ligation （SNL; n = 6） groups for behavioral assessments of neuropathic pain after ligation surgery of the left L5-6 nerve segment. Another 60 rats were randomly divided into sham operation, SNL, saline-intraplantar, saline-intrathecal, Glu-intraplantar, Glu-intrathecal, D-AP5-intrathecal, Glu-D-AP5-intrathecal, cpccoEt-intrathecal, and Glu-cpccoEt-intrathecal groups, with 6 rats in each group. All groups except sham operation group received a similar SNL. On day 14, rats received a 50-μL injection of saline, Glu, D-AP5, and/or cpccoEt into the left intraplantar or intrathecal L5-4 segments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The number of c-Fos positive neurons in both Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ spinal layers at L6 was observed using immunohistochemistry 2 hours after administration. RESULTS： （1） SNL increased the level of c-Fos expression in two sides of the spinal cord, particularly on Ⅲ/Ⅳ spinal layers of the ligated side. （2） Intraplantar or intrathecal administration of saline significantly increased the c-Fos labeled neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers of the ligated side, compared with SNL alone （P 〈 0.01）. （3） Intraplantar Glu （5 μmol） increased the number of c-Fos positive neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers compared with intraplantar saline （P〈 0.01）. （4） The number of c-Fos neurons in Ⅰ/Ⅱ spinal layers on both the ipsilateral and contralateral side after intraplantar Glu was lower than intrathecal Glu （P〈 0.01）, with a 3-fold higher induction by intrathecal Glu. （5） Co-administration of D-AP5 or cpccoEt reduced the effects of intrathecal Glu （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Intrathecal Glu increases c-Fos expression more than intraplantar Glu. Antagonists of NMDA and group I mGluRs block this effect.

Rational construction of Ag@MIL-88B(V)-derived hierarchical porous Ag-V_(2)O_(5) heterostructures with enhanced diffusion kinetics and cycling stability for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

With the advantages of the multiple oxidation states and highly open crystal structures,vanadium-based composites have been considered as the promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs).However,the inherent inferior electrical conductivity,low specific surface area,and sluggish Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics of the traditional vanadium-based oxides have greatly impeded their development.Herein,a novel hierarchical porous spindle-shaped Ag-V_(2)O_(5) with unique heterostructures was rationally designed via a simple MOF-assisted synthetic method and applied as stable cathode for aqueous ZIBs.The high specific surface area and hierarchically porous superstructures endowed Ag-V_(2)O_(5) with sufficient electrochemical active sites and shortened the diffusion pathways of Zn^(2+),which was beneficial to accelerate the reversible transport of Zn^(2+)and deliver a high specific capacity(426 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1) and 96.5%capacity retention after 100 cycles).Meanwhile,the self-built-in electric fields at the heterointerface of Ag-V_(2)O_(5) electrode could strengthen the synergistic coupling interaction between Ag and V_(2)O_(5),which can effectively enhance the electric conductivity and maintain the structural integrity,resulting in superb rate capability(326.1 mA h g^(-1) at 5.0 A g^(-1))and remarkable cycling stability(89.7%capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 5.0 A g^(-1)).Moreover,the reversible Zn^(2+)storage mechanism was further investigated and elucidated by kinetics analysis and DFT calculations.

Geochronology, geochemistry and Hf isotopes of andesites in the Sandaowanzi gold deposit(Great Xing’an Range, NE China): implications for petrogenesis, tectonic setting,and mineralization

The Sandaowanzi gold deposit is an extremely Au-rich deposit in the Northern Great Hinggan Range in recent years.Zircon U-Pb geochronology,Hf isotope analysis,and the geochemistry of andesites of the Longjiang Formation from the Sandaowanzi gold deposit were used to investigate the origin,magmatic evolution as well as mineralization and tectonic setting of the Early Cretaceous epithermal gold deposits in the northern Great Hinggan Range area.Zircon U-Pb dating reveals an emplacement age of 123.4±0.3 Ma,indicating that the andesites of the Sandaowanzi gold deposit was formed during the Early Cretaceous.The andesites are enriched in light rare earth elements relative to heavy rare earth elements and have weak negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.76-0.90).The rocks are also enriched in large-ion lithophile elements,such as Rb,Ba,Th,U,and K,and depleted in the high-field-strength elements,such as Nb,Ta,and P.These characteristics are typical of volcanic rocks related to subduction.Igneous zircons from the andesite samples have relatively homogeneous Hf isotope ratios,176Hf/177Hf values of 0.282343-0.282502,εHf(t)values of-12.58 to-6.95,and two-stage model ages(TDM2)of 1743-1431 Ma.The characteristics of the andesites of the Longjiang Formation are consistent with derivation from partial melting of enriched mantle wedge metasomatized by subducted-slab-derived fluids.These rocks formed in an extensional environment associated with the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.Mineralization occurred towards the end of volcanism,and the magmatic activity and mineralization are products of the same geodynamic setting.

Clustering Network Topology Control Method Based on Responsibility Transmission

The topology control is an effective approach which can improve the quality of wireless sensor network at all sides. Through studying the mechanism of sensor network data transmission, the nature of data transmission in wireless sensor network is concluded as a kind of responsibility transmission. By redefining the responsibility and availability of nodes, the strategy for cluster head selection is studied, the responsibility and availability is determined by the combination of the residual energy, location and current flow of nodes. Based on the above, new clustering network topology control algorithm based on responsibility transmission CNTCABRT and hierarchical multi-hop CNTCABRT is presented in this paper, whose algorithm structure is along the famous LEACH algorithm. Experimental result demonstrates its promising performance over the famous LEACH algorithm in the cluster head selection, the size of cluster, the deployment of nodes and the lifetime of nodes, and several innovative conclusions are proposed finally.

The application of internal suspension technique in retroperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with a new robotic system KangDuo Surgical Robot-01:Initial experience

Objective To assess the feasibility of internal suspension technique in retroperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(rRAPN)with a new robotic platform called KangDuo Surgical Robot-01(KD-SR-01)system(Suzhou KangDuo Robot Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou,China)and discuss its surgical technique.Methods A 44-year-old male patient was admitted with a 2.5 cm tumor on dorsolateral upper pole of the left kidney.The R.E.N.A.L.nephrometry score of this patient was 4x.This patient underwent rRAPN with KD-SR-01.The perinephric fat between the tumor and Gerota's fascia was preserved,which was used for internal suspension traction during tumor resection.Postoperative follow-up data were collected.Results The surgery was successfully carried out with a duration of 127 min,in which the docking time was 6 min 25 s and console time was 60 min.The warm ischemia time was 19 min 53 s,and the estimated blood loss was 0 mL.The pathological histology showed a pathological tumor stage 1a clear cell renal cell carcinoma,with a negative surgical margin.The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology(WHO/ISUP)grade of this patient was Grade 2.No recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up.Conclusion Internal suspension in rRAPN is feasible and effective with use of the new robotic system KD-SR-01.

Exploring the salt-and drought-tolerant genes of alfalfa through expression library screening strategy

Salinity and drought stress are major abiotic stresses negatively affecting the growth and productivity of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.).Exploration of genes exhibiting superior tolerance to salinity and drought stress in alfalfa will help aid target molecular breeding and developing tolerant forages.In this study,we adopted a high-efficient yeast FOX hunting system for the identification of salinity and drought tolerant genes in alfalfa.Based on the Gateway-compatible vector system,a high-quality expression library was constructed,containing 1.3×10^(7) clones with an average size of 1.44 kb.Through heterologous transformation of mixed library plasmid into salt or drought sensitive yeast mutants,monoclonal resistant strains were screened and tolerant genes were captured.Eighteen salinity-tolerance genes were obtained which were involved in several pathways,containing GRAS and zinc finger transcriptional factors,PP2A interaction module,ERVT vesicle transporter and LETM transmembrane protein.Twelve drought tolerance genes were separated,including ERF and SCL transcriptional factors,CIPK and BSK protein kinases,TGL-type ligase,cPGM and cPDL protease.The mRNA transcription levels of these tolerant genes were inducible or suppressible for response to salt or drought stress conditions following quantitative PCR detection,respectively.Furthermore,heterologous transformation of ERVT and CIPK11 can improve the salt and drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis,which indicates the conservative function of the screening gene in yeast and Arabidopsis.Obtaining these candidate genes can provide new insights for future research with respect to plant salt and drought tolerance.

基于聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)表面活性剂和掺杂剂的聚苯胺中空微球

采用自组装法分别在表面活性剂2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDBS)和聚(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)(PAMPS)水溶液中合成聚苯胺,用扫描电镜、透射电镜和比表面分析仪对不同表面活性剂合成的聚苯胺进行表征;用PAMPS对聚苯胺进行掺杂,采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、X射线光电子能谱等探讨PAMPS对聚苯胺的掺杂效应;通过循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法研究PAMPS掺杂聚苯胺的电化学性能。结果表明,PAMPS能够更好地调控聚苯胺的形貌和提高聚苯胺微球的分散性,以及更好地起到表面活性剂效果;PAMPS掺杂后的聚苯胺的电导率提高到了100S/cm级别,比未掺杂态聚苯胺提高了近104倍,具有更大响应电流,展现出更大的电容量。

间乙炔基苯偶氮联苯酚醛树脂的合成及性能

通过重氮偶合反应在联苯酚醛树脂(BN)中引入乙炔基苯基,合成了新型的加成固化型间乙炔基苯偶氮联苯酚醛树脂(EPABN)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、聚合物称量、流变测试、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、热重分析和吸附法等表征了EPABN的结构、溶解性能、流变性能、热性能及树脂炭化产物的致密性。溶解性能测试表明,EPABN树脂能溶于丙酮、四氢呋喃等溶剂。流变性能测试表明,EPABN树脂在120~150℃有1个低黏度加工窗口。DSC结果分析表明,EPABN可行的固化工艺为140℃/2 h+161℃/2 h+192℃/4 h+231℃/4 h+280℃/4 h。EPABN树脂的T_(d)^(5)和T_(d)^(10)分别为479.7℃和545.1℃,700℃和1000℃的残碳率分别为80.96%和77.26%。树脂炭化产物的氮吸附测试及密度测试表明,随着炭化温度升高,炭化物的致密度和炭化密度均增加。EPABN固化物具有优异的热稳定性、高残碳率及碳化物具高致密性。

聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑纤维的表面改性及疏水性涂层制备

采用偶联剂KH-560对聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑(PBO)纤维进行表面活化,并用含有十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷(HFTES)的涂层对偶联剂改性后的PBO纤维表面进行疏水性处理。利用X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜等对PBO纤维表面结构和性能进行表征,考察了偶联剂KH-560质量分数对PBO纤维表面改性效果的影响,同时分析了HFTES质量分数对PBO纤维疏水性的影响。研究结果表明,采用KH-560改性PBO表面时,PBO纤维表面形成了薄层偶联剂涂层,纤维表面粗糙度增加,PBO纤维表面引入的环氧基活性基团增强了纤维表面活性。随着HFTES浓度的提升,PBO纤维吸水率下降。经HFTES处理后PBO纤维的吸水率大幅度下降,经含有HFTES的有机硅改性环氧树脂涂层处理后的PBO纤维表面水接触角可达132°。

氟硅烷改性聚丁二烯型聚氨酯水声透声橡胶的制备与性能

以端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、羟基氟硅油(FSO)和2,4-二氨基-3,5-二甲硫基甲苯(E-300)为原料,采用两步法设计合成了一系列氟硅烷改性聚丁二烯型聚氨酯水声透声材料(FSPU)。运用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、热失重分析、水接触角测试、吸水率测试、动态力学热分析、力学性能测试和透声性能测试等对改性聚氨酯的结构和性能进行了表征,探究了氟硅烷的含量对聚氨酯性能的影响。结果表明,FSPU的特性声阻抗与海水十分匹配。随着FSO含量增加,FSPU的水接触角逐渐升高,吸水率逐渐降低。当羟基氟硅油质量分数为50%时,FSPU-50的水接触角和吸水率分别为103.3°和0.4%,比纯聚氨酯分别提高了37.5%和降低了66.7%。同时,聚丁二烯型聚氨酯与氟硅烷的相容性较好,FSPUs的玻璃化转变温度在-47℃左右,具有良好的耐低温性能,可以满足水下工作的各项性能要求。

聚苯胺中空微球/硝酸铈复合材料的制备与性能

通过原位聚合法在聚(2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)水溶液中合成聚苯胺中空微球,用硝酸铈对其进行掺杂后制备出聚苯胺中空微球/硝酸铈复合材料。采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜和透射电镜对聚苯胺/硝酸铈复合材料进行表征;用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法等研究复合材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明,负载有稀土铈离子的聚苯胺中空微球的外径约为405 nm且球形度较高。硝酸铈的质量分数为20%时,聚苯胺中空微球/硝酸铈复合材料的电导率达到最大值46. 76 S/cm,比聚苯胺的电导率增加了377%;同时,电荷转移电阻(Rct)降低到5Ω左右。硝酸铈的质量分数为15%时,电极材料的自腐蚀电位达到-0. 157 V,自腐蚀电流密度从聚苯胺的15. 85μA/cm2降低到不足0. 47μA/cm2,降低了约97%。循环伏安曲线、电化学阻抗和极化曲线测试结果显示聚苯胺中空微球/硝酸铈复合材料具有更大的电容量,更高的电化学活性和缓蚀效率。

氰酸酯/聚丁二烯环氧树脂形状记忆聚合物的制备及性能

为解决当前多数形状记忆聚合物在应用中存在力学性能及形状回复力不足的问题,文中利用双酚E型氰酸酯与聚丁二烯环氧树脂共固化制备了氰酸酯/聚丁二烯环氧树脂(CE/EHTPB)形状记忆树脂体系。运用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、热失重分析、吸水率测试、动态力学热分析、力学性能测试和形状记忆性能测试等对CE/EHTPB树脂体系的结构和性能进行了分析,探究了聚丁二烯环氧树脂的含量对体系性能的影响。结果表明,CE/EHTPB形状记忆树脂体系的初始热分解温度在325℃以上,吸水率不小于1.612%,具备良好的热稳定性和耐湿性;随着EHTPB含量增加,CE/EHTPB形状记忆树脂体系的韧性增加,冲击强度最高可达13.92 kJ/m^(2),拉伸强度、弹性模量和弯曲强度逐渐降低至55 MPa,620 MPa和88 MPa;CE/EHTPB形状记忆树脂体系的玻璃化转变温度在164~259℃范围内可调,经过10次循环测试后,其形状固定率和形状回复率皆大于97.5%,可广泛应用于空间可展开结构。

纳米SiO_(2)@MWCNT增强氰酸酯基形状记忆复合材料的制备及性能

形状记忆聚合物由于刚度、强度、回复驱动力等方面的限制,无法直接作为结构材料应用于航天航空。文中利用纳米二氧化硅包覆碳纳米管(SiO_(2)@MWCNT)改性的氰酸酯/聚丁二烯环氧树脂形状记忆树脂基体与T300碳纤维平纹织物通过热压成型法制备了一种形状记忆复合材料,系统表征和分析了形状记忆复合材料的力学性能、耐温性能和形状恢复能力。结果表明,在保证复合材料优异形状记忆效果的同时,以SiO_(2)@MWCNT作为增强纳米粒子显著提高了复合材料的玻璃化转变温度与力学性能。复合材料在玻璃化转变温度(212℃)附近仍保有1 GPa左右的储能模量,经过10次循环测试后,形状固定率和形状回复率都分别保持在96%和97%以上,并在35 s内完成由临时形状到初始形状的转变,展现出优异的回复速度与更大的形状回复力。

Preparation and Characterisation of Collagen from Freshwater Fish Scales

Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) were prepared from the waste freshwater carp fish scales. The results of SDS-PAGE showed that purified collagens were composed of at least two different chains which were in accordance with the type I collagen with α chain composition of (α1)2α2. Compared with the carp fish ordinary muscle type I collagen , porcine dermis type I collagen and other seawater fish collagens, freshwater carp fish scales collagen contained relative high half-cystine (Cys-s), but lower denaturation temperature(Td) than the porcine dermis type I collagen. These collagens had evident absorption at 230 nm by UV-Vis spectra. The spectrum X-ray diffraction showed that the collagen remained single-helix and tri-helix configuration with the minimum values of the repeat spacings (d) of about 4.48 ? and 11.87 ?. Therefore, to make more effective use of limited-resources, carp fish scales can be a potential resource for the extraction of type I collagen or gelatin.

肺静脉跨叶现象及其在肺叶切除术中的临床意义

背景与目的肺叶切除术是早期肺癌的主要治疗方式,然而肺部解剖变异繁多,尤其是部分肺静脉会脱离正常解剖位置,甚至跨越肺叶边界进入相邻肺叶,这增加了手术的难度和风险。本研究旨在全面分析肺跨叶静脉的类型和发生频率,并进一步探究其在肺叶切除术中的临床意义。方法纳入南京医科大学第一附属医院2018年12月-2019年11月期间行肺部手术的患者916例,筛选出术前行胸部增强计算机断层扫描(computedtomography,CT)检查的病例310例,应用这些患者的胸部增强CT和三维CT支气管血管成像(three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography,3D-CTBA)对跨叶静脉的类型及频率进行分析。进一步从916例手术病例中筛选出行肺叶切除术且手术区域涉及到跨叶静脉的病例共48例(切断组36例,保留组12例),通过手术录像观察两种不同的处理方式对余肺叶的影响。结果共发现26种肺跨叶静脉模式,总发生率为82.26%,右肺远大于左肺(80.65%vs11.94%)。右肺中主要类型(频率>5%)包括:中间支气管后方汇入下肺静脉的VX2(5.48%)、汇集上、下叶静脉属支的叶间静脉V^(3)b(58.39%)、水平裂内汇入V^(2)(13.23%)或V^(3)(12.58%)的VX^(4)、中叶支气管下方汇入左心房的VX^(4)(8.71%)或VX^(5)(7.42%)、肺裂内汇入V^(2)的VX^(6)(29.68%);左肺中主要类型为整支上肺静脉汇入下肺静脉形成共干的左肺静脉(9.36%),其中共干长度>1 cm的占4.84%。观察手术录像发现:与保留组相比,切断组中患者其余肺叶的血液循环功能受到影响(表现为受影响区域停止通气后长时间无法萎陷),术后咯血(13.89%vs0.00%)和肺漏气(19.44%vs 8.33%)发生率增加,术后住院时间[(4.72±1.86)d vs(3.92±1.62)d]较长,术后3d引流量[(705.42±265.02)m L vs(604.92±229.64)m L]较多,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肺静脉跨叶现象种类繁多,且部分类型发生率较高。然而大部分跨叶静脉在手术中被忽视,这可能对手术安全和患者术后恢复产生不利影响。

直径≤2 cm非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移因素及采样范围评估

背景与目的越来越多的早期肺癌被及时诊断并手术治疗,但是系统性淋巴结清扫(systematic lymph node dissection,SND)不能为其带来足够的生存获益,甚至增加术后并发症发生概率。本研究旨在分析直径≤2 cm非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)淋巴结转移的危险因素以及不同肺叶好发的纵隔淋巴结转移站点,为手术提供参考意见。方法纳入2009年12月至2019年12月于南京医科大学第一附属医院胸外科行肺叶切除术+淋巴结采样/清扫术治疗的肺结节患者(直径≤cm)共1051例,运用SPSS 26.0统计软件对资料进行统计分析,探讨淋巴结转移的危险因素以及不同肺叶好发的纵隔淋巴结转移站点。结果1051例患者中发生淋巴结转移95例,转移率为9.04%,其中男性、病理非腺癌、肿瘤直径大于l cm但不大于2 cm、存在气道播散(spread through air spaces,STAS)、胸膜侵犯(visceral pleural invasion,VPI)、脉管浸润、腺癌低分化、腺癌亚型为微乳头或实体型是淋巴结转移的危险因素(P<0.01);男性、肿瘤直径大于l cm但不大于2 cm、存在STAS、VPI、脉管浸润是淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05);右肺上、中叶易出现#2R、#4R、#9淋巴结转移(P<0.05),右肺下叶易出现#7淋巴结转移(P<0.05);左肺上叶易出现#5、#6淋巴结转移(P<0.05),#7、#9转移无统计学差异(P>0.05);N1组淋巴结与#2R、#4R、#5、#6、#7、#9组淋巴结转移有明显相关性(P<0.01)。结论对于早期NSCLC,可以进行肺叶特异性淋巴结清扫(lobe-specific lymph node dissection,LSND),当患者为男性、病理为非腺癌、肿瘤直径大于l cm但不大于2 cm、存在STAS、VPI、脉管浸润、腺癌低分化、腺癌亚型为微乳头或实体型时,其淋巴结转移的风险增高。

Multiple extended target tracking algorithm based on Gaussian surface matrix

In this paper, we consider the problem of irregular shapes tracking for multiple extended targets by introducing the Gaussian surface matrix（GSM） into the framework of the random finite set（RFS） theory. The Gaussian surface function is constructed first by the measurements, and it is used to define the GSM via a mapping function. We then integrate the GSM with the probability hypothesis density（PHD） filter, the Bayesian recursion formulas of GSM-PHD are derived and the Gaussian mixture implementation is employed to obtain the closed-form solutions. Moreover, the estimated shapes are designed to guide the measurement set sub-partition, which can cope with the problem of the spatially close target tracking. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate irregular target shapes and exhibit good robustness in cross extended target tracking.

The real-world study of the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,and treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer in China

Objective:Real-world diagnostic and treatment data for pancreatic cancer in China are lacking.As such,the present study investigated the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,and treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer(including locally advanced and metastatic disease)in the Hospital-based Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Cohort in China of the China Pancreas Data Center database.Methods:A total of 5349 Chinese patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were identified from a database.The entire course of real-world pancreatic cancer management was analyzed.Results:The proportion of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was higher among males than females(62.4%vs 37.6%,respectively).Patients typically had a history of hypertension(30.8%),diabetes(21.6%),and cholangitis(20.2%).Abdominal pain(51.6%),abdominal distension(27.1%),jaundice(20.1%),and weight loss(16.3%)were the main symptoms observed in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer in this cohort.Serum carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9 is one of the most common tumor markers.In the present study,2562 patients underwent first-line therapy.The median progression-free survival(PFS)for patients undergoing first-line therapy was 4.1 months.The major options for first-line therapy included gemcitabine(GEM)plus S-1(GS/X)(23.4%),nab-paclitaxel plus GEM(AG)(18.1%),oxaliplatin,irinotecan,and leucovorin-modulated fluorouracil(FOLFIRINOX;11.9%),nab-paclitaxel plus S-1(AS)(8.9%),and GEM combined with oxaliplatin/cisplatin(GEMOX/GP)(7.6%).The AS and GS/X regimens were associated with the highest PFS rates.Conclusion:This is the first study to report multicenter,real-world data regarding advanced pancreatic cancer in China.Results revealed that real-world treatment options differed from guideline recommendations,and PFS was shorter than that in previously reported data.Improving intelligent follow-up systems and standardizing diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer is recommended.