Trace Cobalt Doping and Defect Engineering of High Surface Area α-Ni(OH)_(2) for Electrocatalytic Urea Oxidation

Owing to the intrinsically sluggish kinetics of urea oxidation reaction(UOR)involving a six-electron transfer process,developing efficient UOR electrocatalyst is a great challenge remained to be overwhelmed.Herein,by taking advantage of 2-Methylimidazole,of which is a kind of alkali in water and owns strong coordination ability to Co^(2+)in methanol,trace Co(1.0 mol%)addition was found to induce defect engineering onα-Ni(OH)_(2)in a dual-solvent system of water and methanol.Physical characterization results revealed that the synthesized electrocatalyst(WM-Ni_(0.99)Co_(0.01)(OH)_(2))was a kind of defective nanosheet with thickness around 5-6 nm,attributing to the synergistic effect of Co doping and defect engineering,its electron structure was finely altered,and its specific surface a rea was tremendously enlarged from 68 to 172.3 m^(2)g^(-1).With all these merits,its overpotential to drive 10 mA cm^(-2)was reduced by 110 mV.Besides,the interfacial behavior of UOR was also well deciphered by operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Photosynthesis adaption in Korean pine to gap size and position within Populus davidiana forests in Xiaoxing’anling, China

Forest gaps restrict the restoration of temperate secondary forest to broad-leaved Korean pine forest in zonal climax vegetation by affecting the growth of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis).However,the photo synthetic adaptability of Korean pine to gap size and position within the gap is unclear.In order to explore the adaptability of young Korean pine(35 years) to different gap sizes in Xiaoxing’anling,photo synthetic capacity and microenvironmental factors(leaf temperature,light transmittance) of Korean pine needles in three positions in the gap(central,transition,and edge areas) were investigated.Three gaps were identified in the secondary Populus davidiana forest:a large 201 m^(2) gap,a middle 112 m^(2) gap,and a small 50 m^(2) gap;12 m^(2) of the understory was sampled as a control.The results show that:(1) maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(max)) in needles of Korean pine growing in the large gap was higher than in the small gap,and P_(max) in the centre in the same gap was higher than in the transition and edge areas;(2) light saturation point(LSP) and photosynthetic quantum yield(AQY)of needles in the large gap were higher than in the small gap,while the light compensation point(LCP) and chlorophyll contents of needles were lower in the small gap;and,(3)P_(max) had a significant positive correlation with temperature and light transmittance.It is suggested that the larger the gap in secondary Populus davidiana forests,the greater the change in light intensity and temperatures,the stronger the light adaption of Korean pine needles and the higher the photosynthetic capacity.Therefore,in the recovery of broadleaved/Korean pine forests,suitable gaps should be created and gap microhabitats fully utilized to accelerate the restoration process.

Effect of transport agent boron triiodide on the synthesis and crystal quality of boron arsenide

Cubic boron arsenide(BAs)has attracted great attention due to its high thermal conductivity,however,its controllable,stable,and ideal preparation remains challenging.Herein,we investigated the effect of iodine-containing transport agents I_(2) and boron triiodide(BI_(3))on BAs synthesized and grown through chemical vapor transport.Results show that similar to the commonly used I_(2),BI_(3) accelerates the synthesis and improves the mass fraction of BAs from ~12% to over 90% at 820℃ and 1.5 MPa,a value beyond the promoting effect of only increasing temperature and pressure.Both agents enhance the quality of BAs crystals by reducing the full width at half maximum by up to 10%-20%.I_(2) agglomerates the grown crystals with twin defects(~50 nm wide),and BI_(3) improves the crystal anisotropy and element uniformity of BAs crystals with narrow twins(~15 nm wide)and increases the stoichiometry ratio(~0.990)to almost 1.Owing to the boron interstitials from the excessive boron supply,the spacing of layers in {111} increases to 0.286 nm in the presence of I_(2).Owing to its coordinated effect,BI_(3) only slightly influences the layer spacing at 0.275 nm,which is close to the theoretical value of 0.276 nm.In the chemical vapor transport,the anisotropic crystals with flat surfaces exhibit single-crystal characteristics under the action of BI_(3).Different from that of I_(2),the coordinated effect of BI_(3) can promote the efficient preparation of high-quality BAs crystal seeds and facilitate the advanced application of BAs.

Erratum to“Targeted Genotyping of a Whole-Gene Repertoire by an Ultrahigh-Multiplex and Flexible HD-Marker Approach”[Engineering 13(2022)186–196]

There was a mistake in affiliation a,the correct one should be“MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding and Sars-Fang Center,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China”as updated above;Affiliations c and d should be reversed:Affiliation c should be“Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China,”and the affiliation d should be“Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering,Sanya Oceanographic Institution,Ocean University of China,Sanya 572000,China.”

Targeted Genotyping of a Whole-Gene Repertoire by an Ultrahigh-Multiplex and Flexible HD-Marker Approach

Targeted genotyping is an extremely powerful approach for the detection of known genetic variations that are biologically or clinically important.However,for non-model organisms,large-scale target geno-typing in a cost-effective manner remains a major challenge.To address this issue,we present an ultrahigh-multiplex,in-solution probe array-based high-throughput diverse marker genotyping(HD-Marker)approach that is capable of targeted genotyping of up to 86000 loci,with coverage of the whole gene repertoire,in what is a 27-fold and six-fold multiplex increase in comparison with the conventional Illumina GoldenGate and original HD-Marker assays,respectively.We perform extensive analyses of var-ious ultrahigh-multiplex levels of HD-Marker(30 k-plex,56 k-plex,and 86 k-plex)and show the power and excellent performance of the proposed method with an extremely high capture rate(about 96%)and genotyping accuracy(about 96%).With great advantages in terms of cost(as low as 0.0006 USD per geno-type)and high technical flexibility,HD-Marker is a highly efficient and powerful tool with broad appli-cation potential for genetic,ecological,and evolutionary studies of non-model organisms.

Elucidation of the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. based on network pharmacology and experimental validation

Objective:To systematically explore the effect and mechanism of melastomatis dodecandri herba(Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.)in the treatment of hepatitis based on network pharmacology.Method:We evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of M.dodecandrum in concanavalin A(Con A)-induced hepatitis in mice by assessing survival rate,histological analysis,serum transaminases,and related cytokines.Then the mechanism of action was predicted by a network pharmacology-based strategy.Based on the results,we measured the hepatic expression of related genes at mRNA level and proteins related to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)and nuclear factorkappa B(NF-кB)pathways.Results:Our study results clearly demonstrated that M.dodecandrum pretreatment significantly alleviated liver injury.This was demonstrated by an increase in survival rate,decreased severity of liver damage,and reduced serum transaminase levels compared with those in the Con A group.Moreover,M.dodecandrum significantly reduced the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-a,interleukin-6,and interferon-g and increased the liver levels of superoxide dismutase,which indicated that M.dodecandrum exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.On the basis of network pharmacology,50 nodes were selected as major hubs based on their topological importance.Pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the putative targets of M.dodecandrum mostly participate in various pathways associated with the anti-inflammation response,which implies the underlying mechanism by which M.dodecandrum acts on hepatitis.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis showed that M.dodecandrum downregulates the mRNA expression of interleukin-6,Toll-like receptor 7,interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4,NF-кB and tumor necrosis factor-a in liver tissues.Western blotting showed that M.dodecandrum pretreatment protected against inflammation through activating the PI3K-Akt pathway by upregulating phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt)expression and suppressing NF-кB activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IKK,IkBa,and p65.Conclusion:The present work demonstrated the hepatoprotective effects of M.dodecandrum by regulating the PI3K/Akt and NF-кB pathways in Con A-induced mice,which provide insights into the treatment of hepatitis using M.dodecandrum.

THE DISCRETE ORLICZ-MINKOWSKI PROBLEM FOR p-CAPACITY

In this paper,we demonstrate the existence part of the discrete Orlicz-Minkowski problem for p-capacity when 1<p<2.

Ferrihydrite transformation impacted by coprecipitation of lignin:Inhibition or facilitation?

Lignin is a common soil organic matter that is present in soils,but its effect on the transformation of ferrihydrite(Fh)remains unclear.Organic matter is generally assumed to inhibit Fh transformation.However,lignin can reduce Fh to Fe(Ⅱ),in which Fe(Ⅱ)-catalyzed Fh transformation occurs.Herein,the effects of lignin on Fh transformation were investigated at 75℃ as a function of the lignin/Fh mass ratio(0-0.2),pH(4-8)and aging time(0-96 hr).The results of Fh-lignin samples(mass ratios=0.1)aged at different pH values showed that for Fh-lignin the time of Fh transformation into secondary crystalline minerals was significantly shortened at pH 6 when compared with pure Fh,and the Fe(Ⅱ)-accelerated transformation of Fh was strongly dependent on pH.Under pH 6,at low lignin/Fh mass ratios(0.05-0.1),the time of secondary mineral formation decreased with increasing lignin content.For high lignosulfonate-content material(lignin:Fh=0.2),Fh did not transform into secondary minerals,indicating that lignin content plays a major role in Fh transformation.In addition,lignin affected the pathway of Fh transformation by inhibiting goethite formation and facilitating hematite formation.The effect of coprecipitation of lignin on Fh transformation should be useful in understanding the complex iron and carbon cycles in a soil environment.

A review on the transformation of birnessite in the environment:Implication for the stabilization of heavy metals

Birnessite is ubiquitous in the natural environment where heavy metals are retained and easily transformed.The surface properties and structure of birnessite change with the changes in external environmental conditions,which also affects the fate of heavy metals.Clarifying the effect and mechanism of the birnessite phase transition process on heavy metals is the key to taking effective measures to prevent and control heavy metal pollution.Therefore,the four transformation pathways of birnessite are summarized first in this review.Second,the relationship between transformation pathways and environmental conditions is proposed.These relevant environmental conditions include abiotic(e.g.,co-existing ions,pH,oxygen pressure,temperature,electric field,light,aging,pressure)and biotic factors(e.g.,microorganisms,biomolecules).The phase transformation is achieved by the key intermediate of Mn(Ⅲ)through interlayer-condensation,folding,neutralizationdisproportionation,and dissolution-recrystallization mechanisms.The AOS(average oxidation state)of Mn and interlayer spacing are closely correlated with the phase transformation of birnessite.Last but not least,the mechanisms of heavy metals immobilization in the transformation process of birnessite are summed up.They involve isomorphous substitution,redox,complexation,hydration/dehydration,etc.The transformation of birnessite and its implication on heavy metals will be helpful for understanding and predicting the behavior of heavy metals and the crucial phase of manganese oxides/hydroxides in natural and engineered environments.

A multi-stream network for retrosynthesis prediction

1 Introduction Retrosynthesis aims to predict a set of reactants for producing given molecules[1],which plays a significant part in the biochemistry field,such as molecular pathway design and drug discovery.Although existing methods perform better in solving this problem,most of these methods[2,3]only describe the molecules from one kind of perspective,such as they use Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System(SMILES)strings[4]to represent the atomic components and the relationship between atoms of molecules or leverage Extended Connectivity Fingerprints(ECFPs)represent the information of the molecular sub-structure composition via binary vectors[5].

Synergetic Improvement of Interlaminar Fracture Toughness in Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites Interleaved with PES/PEK‑C Hybrid Nanofiber Veils

In this study,two types of soluble thermoplastic resins were added to epoxy resin at a fixed weight ratio to prepare a three-phase cast body.The cast was then manufactured into hybrid nanofiber as interleaves for interlaminar toughening of carbon fiber/epoxy resin(CF/EP)composites using a co-solvent method.The results revealed that when the hybrid components reached 15 wt%,Polyethersulfone(PES)and polyaryletherketone cardo(PEK-C)exhibited the best synergistic toughening effect,and the fracture toughness increased by 99.8%and 39.8%,respectively,compared with the reference or the same proportion of the single PES toughened sample.We used PES/PEK-C hybrid nanofibers with an areal density of 19.2 g per square meter(gsm)as composite toughening layers.Apart from the lack of significant influence of PES nanofiber on CF/EP composites,the interlaminar fracture toughness of mode I and mode II layers increased by 88.3%and 46.9%,respectively,compared to the reference sample.Scanning Electron Microscopy of the fracture surface and cross-section micromorphology of the laminate displayed that the thermoplastic microspheres of different sizes contribute differently to crack resistance:PEK-C consumes more energy due to the debonding and extraction of microspheres and resin,whereas the presence of the PES phase can induce more plastic deformation and crack deflection.

Highly efficient fluoride removal from water using 2D metal-organic frameworks MIL-53(Al)with rich Al and O adsorptive centers

In this study,metal-organic framework MIL-53(Al)was synthesized and studied to understand the different mechanisms between normal MIL-53(Al)and 2D metal-organic framework MIL-53(Al)for removing fluoride.Comparatively,the 2D MIL-53(Al)had two-dimensional linear morphology rather than block shape,indicating more expose adsorptive sites than normal MIL-53(Al).The batch adsorption experiments were applied to investigate the performance of 2D MIL-53(Al),including pH,adsorption kinetics,and thermodynamics.The 2D MIL-53(Al)(75.50 mg/g)showed better adsorption capacity than normal MIL-53(Al)(35.63 mg/g).The adsorption process of 2D MIL-53(Al)followed the pseudo-firstorder model and Langmuir model.The adsorption mechanism of this material was further studied by using experimental characterization and density functional theory calculations in detail.The main adsorptive sites were Al and O in the 2D MIL-53(Al),and the relationship between fluoride binding with Al and O was HF^(-)_(2)>HF>F^(-).The species of fluoride were HF2
,HF,F at different pH and concentrations.Hence,this study provides a significant way on the application of two-dimensional materials for removing fluoride.

FragDPI: a novel drug-protein interaction prediction model based on fragment understanding and unified coding

Prediction of drug-protein binding is critical for virtual drug screening.Many deep learning methods have been proposed to predict the drug-protein binding based on protein sequences and drug representation sequences.However,most existing methods extract features from protein and drug sequences separately.As a result,they can not learn the features characterizing the drug-protein interactions.In addition,the existing methods encode the protein(drug)sequence usually based on the assumption that each amino acid(atom)has the same contribution to the binding,ignoring different impacts of different amino acids(atoms)on the binding.However,the event of drug-protein binding usually occurs between conserved residue fragments in the protein sequence and atom fragments of the drug molecule.Therefore,a more comprehensive encoding strategy is required to extract information from the conserved fragments.In this paper,we propose a novel model,named FragDPI,to predict the drug-protein binding affinity.Unlike other methods,we encode the sequences based on the conserved fragments and encode the protein and drug into a unified vector.Moreover,we adopt a novel two-step training strategy to train FragDPI.The pre-training step is to learn the interactions between different fragments using unsupervised learning.The fine-tuning step is for predicting the binding affinities using supervised learning.The experiment results have illustrated the superiority of FragDPI.

High-peak-power random Yb-fiber laser with intracavity Raman-frequency comb generation

The random fiber laser(RFL)has been an excellent platform for exploring novel optical dynamics and developing new functional optoelectronic devices.However,it is challenging for RFLs to regulate their emission into regular narrow pulses due to their intrinsic randomness.Here,through engineering the laser configuration(cavity Q value,gain distribution and nonlinearity),we demonstrate that narrow(~2.5 ns)pulses with record peak power as high as 64.3 kW are achieved from a self-Q-switched random ytterbium fiber laser.Based on high intracavity intensity and efficient interplay of multiple nonlinear processes(stimulated Brillouin scattering,stimulated Raman scattering and four-wave mixing),an over-one-octave visible-near-infrared(NIR)Raman-frequency comb is generated from single-mode silica fibers for the first time.After spectrally filtering the Raman peaks,wavelength-tunable pulses with durations of several hundreds of picoseconds are obtained.Such a high-peak-power random Q-switched fiber laser and wide frequency comb in the visible-NIR region can find applications in diverse areas,such as spectroscopy,biomedical imaging and quantum information.

Stretchable,skin-conformable neuromorphic system for tactile sensory recognizing and encoding

Expanding wearable technologies to artificial tactile perception will be of significance for intelligent human-machine interface,as neuromorphic sensing devices are promising candidates due to their low energy consumption and highly effective operating properties.Skin-compatible and conformable features are required for the purpose of realizing wearable artificial tactile perception.Here,we report an intrinsically stretchable,skin-integrated neuromorphic system with triboelectric nanogenerators as tactile sensing and organic electrochemical transistors as information processing.The integrated system provides desired sensing,synaptic,and mechanical characteristics,such as sensitive response(~0.04 kPa^(-1))to low-pressure,short-and long-term synaptic plasticity,great switching endurance(>10000 pulses),symmetric weight update,together with high stretchability of 100%strain.With neural encoding,demonstrations are capable of recognizing,extracting,and encoding features of tactile information.This work provides a feasible approach to wearable,skin-conformable neuromorphic sensing system with great application prospects in intelligent robotics and replacement prosthetics.

Updates in psoriasis diagnosis and treatment status in China:results from the National Psoriasis Center Registry

To the Editor:Psoriasis is a common chronic immunemediated systemic inflammatory disease[1]characterized by irritating skin erythema,reduced quality of life,and associated systemic diseases including cardiovascular disease,diabetes,and metabolic syndrome.In 2017,0.5%of China’s population was diagnosed with psoriasis.[2]To improve the overall diagnosis and treatment level of psoriasis in China,the National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease launched a national collaborative project called the Psoriasis Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Center(also named Psoriasis Center)project,[3]in which the first national real-world big data collection platform,Psoriasis Center Registry,was established with more than 300 medical centers across China by 2022.This study aimed to update the current general characteristics and treatment distribution of patients with psoriasis in China by describing the registry data at enrollment.

FingerDTA:A Fingerprint-Embedding Framework for Drug-Target Binding Affinity Prediction

Many efforts have been exerted toward screening potential drugs for targets,and conducting wet experiments remains a laborious and time-consuming approach.Artificial intelligence methods,such as Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),are widely used to facilitate new drug discovery.Owing to the structural limitations of CNN,features extracted from this method are local patterns that lack global information.However,global information extracted from the whole sequence and local patterns extracted from the special domain can influence the drugtarget affinity.A fusion of global information and local patterns can construct neural network calculations closer to actual biological processes.This paper proposes a Fingerprint-embedding framework for Drug-Target binding Affinity prediction(FingerDTA),which uses CNN to extract local patterns and utilize fingerprints to characterize global information.These fingerprints are generated on the basis of the whole sequence of drugs or targets.Furthermore,FingerDTA achieves comparable performance on Davis and KIBA data sets.In the case study of screening potential drugs for the spike protein of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),7 of the top 10 drugs have been confirmed potential by literature.Ultimately,the docking experiment demonstrates that FingerDTA can find novel drug candidates for targets.All codes are available at http://lanproxy.biodwhu.cn:9099/mszjaas/FingerDTA.git.

Reading The Turn of the Screw——A Sexually Self-repressed and Authoritarian Suppressing Governess

亨利·詹姆斯在小说《螺丝在拧紧》中塑造的家庭教师是一个即神秘又复杂的形象,人们对她的争议聚焦在她的心理,尤其是其性心理是否正常。事实上,这位颇具悲剧色彩的家庭教师是特定心理和人格的牺牲品:一方面她是性心理的自我压迫者,另一方面她却以权威人格去压迫他者。极端的清教道德和偏执的权威诉求是她心理和人格不成熟的表现,并导致了她的"精神分裂"。她以清教戒律来树立女性行为和道德的端庄典范,维护女性的身体和意识的安全;她以顺从社会等级来维持阶级的区隔和"合法的"秩序。但是,事实上她不是正义的战士,而是偏执的迫害者;她最终的幻灭或者醒悟让她意识到Miles是以生命为代价帮助她走向心理和人格的成熟。