Running safety assessment method of trains under seismic conditions based on the derailment risk domain

The accurate assessment of running safety during earthquakes is of significant importance for ensuring the safety of railway lines.Currently,assessment methods based on a single index suffer from issues such as misjudgment of operational safety and difficulty in evaluating operational margin,making them unsuitable for assessing train safety during earthquakes.Therefore,in order to propose an effective evaluation method for the running safety of trains during earthquakes,this study employs three indexes,namely lateral displacement of the wheel–rail contact point,wheel unloading rate,and wheel lift,to describe the lateral and vertical contact states between the wheel and rail.The corresponding evolution characteristics of the wheel–rail contact states are determined,and the derailment forms under different frequency components of seismic motion are identified through dynamic numerical simulations of the train–track coupled system under sine excitation.The variations in the wheel–rail contact states during the transition from a safe state to the critical state of derailment are analyzed,thereby constructing the evolutionary path of train derailment and seismic derailment risk domain.Lastly,the wheel–rail contact and derailment states under seismic conditions are analyzed,thus verifying the effectiveness of the evaluation method for assessing running safety under earthquakes proposed in this study.The results indicate that the assessment method based on the derailment risk domain accurately and comprehensively reflects the wheel–rail contact states under seismic conditions.It successfully determines the forms of train derailment,the risk levels of derailment,and the evolutionary paths of derailment risk.

Co and postseismic fault slip models of the 2022 M_(W)6.7 Menyuan earthquake reveal conjugated faulting tectonics at the central section of the Lenglongling fault

The 2022 M_(W)6.7 Menyuan earthquake ruptured the western end of the Tianzhu seismic gap,providing an opportunity to study the regional seismogenic characteristics and seismic hazards.Here we use interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)and seismic data to study the mainshock rupture,early afterslip and the second largest aftershock of the 2022 Menyuan earthquake sequences.Our modeling results show that the mainshock ruptured the Lenglongling fault and the Tuolaishan fault with a maximum slip of~3 m.Rapid postseismic transient deformation occurred at the center of the Lenglongling fault.Our afterslip modeling reveals that the majority of afterslip occurred in the deeper part of the Lenglongling fault.A high-angle conjugated faulting event is found at the middle section of the Lenglongling fault.We use the stress inversion to investigate the possible triggering mechanism of the conjugated rupture event.The results indicate the maximum principal stress direction is in~222°,forming a~22°angle between the conjugated fault of second largest aftershock and the mainshock.The calculated normal stress changes indicate the region is within a pull-apart stress field,which favors such a conjugated rupturing event.Our study will help understand the rupture behavior of such kind of conjugated fault in other regions.

A Perturbation Analysis of Low-Rank Matrix Recovery by Schatten p-Minimization

A number of previous papers have studied the problem of recovering low-rank matrices with noise, further combining the noisy and perturbed cases, we propose a nonconvex Schatten p-norm minimization method to deal with the recovery of fully perturbed low-rank matrices. By utilizing the p-null space property (p-NSP) and the p-restricted isometry property (p-RIP) of the matrix, sufficient conditions to ensure that the stable and accurate reconstruction for low-rank matrix in the case of full perturbation are derived, and two upper bound recovery error estimation ns are given. These estimations are characterized by two vital aspects, one involving the best r-approximation error and the other concerning the overall noise. Specifically, this paper obtains two new error upper bounds based on the fact that p-RIP and p-NSP are able to recover accurately and stably low-rank matrix, and to some extent improve the conditions corresponding to RIP.

Seismic analysis of high-speed railway irregular bridge–track system considering V-shaped canyon effect

To explore the effect of canyon topography on the seismic response of railway irregular bridge-track system that crosses a V-shaped canyon, seismic ground motions of the horizontal site and V-shaped canyon site were simulated through theoretical analysis with 12 earthquake records selected from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center(PEER) Strong Ground Motion Database matching the site condition of the bridge.Nonlinear seismic response analyses of an existing 11-span irregular simply supported railway bridge-track system were performed under the simulated spatially varying ground motions. The effects of the V-shaped canyon topography on the peak ground acceleration at bridge foundations and seismic responses of the bridge-track system were analyzed. Comparisons between the results of horizontal and V-shaped canyon sites show that the top relative displacement between adjacent piers at the junction of the incident side and the back side of the V-shaped site is almost two times that of the horizontal site, which also determines the seismic response of the fastener. The maximum displacement of the fastener occurs in the V-shaped canyon site and is 1.4 times larger than that in the horizontal site. Neglecting the effect of V-shaped canyon leads to the inappropriate assessment of the maximum seismic response of the irregular high-speed railway bridge-track system. Moreover, engineers should focus on the girder end to the left or right of the two fasteners within the distance of track seismic damage.

Running safety assessment of a train traversing a three-tower cable-stayed bridge under spatially varying ground motion

To explore the influence of spatially varying ground motion on the dynamic behavior of a train passing through a three-tower cable-stayed bridge,a 3D train–track–bridge coupled model is established for accurately simulating the train–bridge interaction under earthquake excitation,which is made up of a vehicle model built by multi-body dynamics,a track–bridge finite element model,and a 3D rolling wheel–rail contact model.A conditional simulation method,which takes into consideration the wave passage effect,incoherence effect,and site-response effect,is adopted to simulate the spatially varying ground motion under different soil conditions.The multi-time-step method previously proposed by the authors is also adopted to improve computational efficiency.The dynamic responses of the train running on a three-tower cablestayed bridge are calculated with differing earthquake excitations and train speeds.The results indicate that(1)the earthquake excitation significantly increases the responses of the train–bridge system,but at a design speed,all the running safety indices meet the code requirements;(2)the incoherence and site-response effects should also be considered in the seismic analysis for long-span bridges though there is no fixed pattern for determining their influences;(3)different train speeds that vary the vibration characteristics of the train–bridge system affect the vibration frequencies of the car body and bridge.

Integration and Optimization of Railway Engineering Laboratory Resources under the Background of"Double First Class"

With the continuous development of China's social economy,it has correspondingly promoted the development of the railway engineering experimental career,and has made tremendous progress in the cultivation of railway engineering experimental talents.At the same time,there are still many problems in the development of rail transit in the construction of"double first-class".Only by solving the existing problems can we further promote the smooth development of the training of railway engineering experimental talents.Therefore,the article mainly analyzes the problems and countermeasures of railway engineering experimental training,combined with the status and role of laboratories in the training of talents under the background of"double first-class",according to the society's demand for first-class engineering talents,we reformed and explored laboratory resource integration and optimization.

Railway Engineering Experimental Teaching Research Based on the Combination of Field Experiment and Virtual Reality(VR)Technology——Taking Central South University as an Example

At present,rail transit is developing rapidly in the world,and this means new and changing requirements for the training of talents in railway engineering experiments.Given the current problems of limited laboratory/field instruments for railway engineering experimentsand the safety/administrative difficulties of going to the frontline of railway lines to teach railway engineering experiemnts in the field,the Department of Railway Engineering of Central South University tried to introduce virtual reality(VR)technology to teach students experiments in the field of railway engineering.Through the virtualized experimental methods,students can carry out railway engineering experiments such as;vehicle wheel pair off-axis experiments,track geometry and position detection,etc.by immersive means.It was observed that after performing virtual simulation experiments,students appeared conversant in subsequent field experiments.Thus,VR greatly improves the teaching efficiency of railway engineering experiments.

Research on Experimental Teaching Reform of Railway Engineering under the Training of International Students

The railway engineering major shows extremely strong applicability,with the internationalization of railway engineering teaching and communication,how to solve the problem of cultivating the international students of the railway engineering major experimental teaching is a core problem that the railway engineering majors in universities need to solve at this stage.Through reform,a new type of experimental teaching system for railway engineering specialty was constructed,that is,the experimental course system and content system determined by the international students training program were taken as the core,the construction of teachers,experimental facilities,practice bases and other conditions as the basis,and the system construction and operation organization to build an organic whole composed of four elements for guarantee.It is closely integrated with the theoretical teaching system and relatively independent.It guarantees the realization of the goal of international students training.And it can integrate and optimize the experimental teaching links,content,methods and evaluation system,and build a“gradual experimentprofessional experiment-comprehensive experiment”progressive gradient experiment teaching system.Form a benign pattern of collaborative training of laboratories,practice bases and scientific research bases,mutual promotion of teaching and scientific research,and effectively promote the improvement of students’experimental innovation ability.

Research on Railway Engineering Experiment Teaching Principles Based on Virtual Simulation Experiment Teaching——Taking the Floating Slab Vibration Damping Track Virtual Experiment as an Example

Virtual simulation teaching is an addendum to the experimental teaching mode of railway engineering,and the two teaching methods complement each other and merge with each other.In view of the current research,there is little discussion about the integration path of the two above.Based on the connotation and design of virtual simulation teaching,this research systematically expounds the integration of the real path and path optimization problems,and puts forward the railway engineering experimental teaching principles based on virtual simulation teaching.On the basis of this research,a virtual simulation experiment platform for vibration mechanics and its application in the floating slab vibration damping track was developed to make full use of three-dimensional modeling,virtual reality,human-computer interaction and other technologies,which can realistically simulate the vibration law and vibration damping effect of the rail transit system,and in the hope that the virtual simulation teaching can be widely used in the experimental teaching mode of railway engineering in the future.

Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female repro-ductive system.The majority of patients with advanced ovarian cancer are mainly treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.As the most widely used first-line anti-neoplastic drug,cisplatin produces therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms.However,during clinical treat-ment,cisplatin resistance has gradually emerged,representing a challenge for patient outcome improvement.The mechanism of cisplatin resistance,while known to be complex and involve many processes,remains unclear.We hope to provide a new direction for pre-clin-ical and clinical studies through this review on the mechanism of ovarian cancer cisplatin resis-tance and methods to overcome drug resistance.

Hepatocytes in a normal adult liver are derived solely from the embryonic hepatocytes

In vertebrates,body weight increases many folds as a consequence of body growth from the childhood to adulthood（e.g.,～20 folds for a mouse）.Considering the fact that the liver-to-body weight ratio（LBR）stays relatively constant within species（Weglarz and Sandgren,2000;Kan et al.,2009）,the cell number in a liver must therefore keep increasing along with the growth of an individual organism. For example, during the growth of the zebrafish from 5 days post-fertilization （dpf） to 1.5 years old, the number of liver cells increased -900 folds （Figs. 1A and S1 ）.

An end-to-end 3D seismic simulation of underground structures due to point dislocation source by using an FK-FEM hybrid approach

Based on the domain reduction idea and artificial boundary substructure method,this paper proposes an FK-FEM hybrid approach by integrating the advantages of FK and FEM(i.e.,FK can efficiently generate high-frequency three translational motion,while FEM has rich elements types and constitutive models).An advantage of this approach is that it realizes the entire process simulation from point dislocation source to underground structure.Compared with the plane wave field input method,the FK-FEM hybrid approach can reflect the spatial variability of seismic motion and the influence of source and propagation path.This approach can provide an effective solution for seismic analysis of underground structures under scenario of earthquake in regions where strong earthquakes may occur but are not recorded,especially when active faults,crustal,and soil parameters are available.Taking Daikai subway station as an example,the seismic response of the underground structure is simulated after verifying the correctness of the approach and the effects of crustal velocity structure and source parameters on the seismic response of Daikai station are discussed.In this example,the influence of velocity structure on the maximum interlayer displacement angle of underground structure is 96.5%and the change of source parameters can lead to the change of structural failure direction.