Heterojunction construction,especially S-scheme heterojunction,represents an efficient universal strategy to achieve high-performance photocatalytic materials.For further performance stimulation of these well-designed...Heterojunction construction,especially S-scheme heterojunction,represents an efficient universal strategy to achieve high-performance photocatalytic materials.For further performance stimulation of these well-designed heterojunctions,modulating the interfacial internal electric field(IEF)to steer dynamic charge transfer represents a promising approach.Herein,we realized the precise regulation of Fermi level(E_(F))of the oxidation semiconductor(mesoporous WO_(3-x))by tailoring the concentration of oxygen vacancies(V_(O)),maximizing the IEF intensity in Cs_(2)CuBr_(4)@WO_(3-x)(CCB@WO_(3-x))S-scheme heterojunction.The augmented IEF affords a robust driving force for directional electron delivery,leading to boosted charge separation.Hence,the developed CCB@WO_(3-x)S-scheme heterojunction demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance,with the electron consumption rate(Relectron)up to 390.34μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 3.28 folds higher than that of pure CCB.An in-depth analysis of the S-scheme electron transfer mode was presented via theoretical investigations,electron spin resonance(ESR),photo-irradiated Kelvin probe force microscopy(KPFM),and in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Finally,the CO_(2)photoconversion route was explored in detail using in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)and DFT theoretical calculations.展开更多
To increase the processability and plasticity of the selective laser melting(SLM)fabricated Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloys,a novel TiB_(2)-modified Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy with a mixture of Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr and nano-TiB_(2) powders...To increase the processability and plasticity of the selective laser melting(SLM)fabricated Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloys,a novel TiB_(2)-modified Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy with a mixture of Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr and nano-TiB_(2) powders was fabricated by SLM.The pro-cessability,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the alloy were systematically investigated by density measurement,microstruc-ture characterization,and mechanical properties testing.The alloys fabricated at 250 W displayed higher relative densities due to a uni-formly smooth top surface and appropriate laser energy input.The maximum relative density value of the alloy reached(99.7±0.1)%,demonstrating good processability.The alloy exhibited a duplex grain microstructure consisting of columnar regions primarily and equiaxed regions with TiB_(2),Al6Mn,and Al3Er phases distributed along the grain boundaries.After directly aging treatment at a high tem-perature of 400℃,the strength of the SLM-fabricated TiB_(2)/Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy increased due to the precipitation of the secondary Al6Mn phases.The maximum yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the aging alloy were measured to be(374±1)and(512±13)MPa,respectively.The SLM-fabricated TiB_(2)/Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy demonstrates exceptional strength and thermal stability due to the synergistic effects of the inhibition of grain growth,the incorporation of TiB_(2) nanoparticles,and the precipitation of secondary Al6Mn nanoparticles.展开更多
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)infection causes significant economic loss to the global pig industry.Genotype 1 and 2 PRRSV(PRRSV-1 and-2)infections have been reported in China,Europe and Am...Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)infection causes significant economic loss to the global pig industry.Genotype 1 and 2 PRRSV(PRRSV-1 and-2)infections have been reported in China,Europe and America.For accurate prevention,nanobodies were first used as diagnostic reagents for PRRSV typing.In this study three nanobodies targeting both PRRSV-1 and-2,two targeting PRRSV-1 and three targeting PRRSV-2,were screened and produced.To develop two competitive ELISAs(cELISAs),the g1-2-PRRSV-Nb3-HRP nanobody was chosen for the g1-2-cELISA,to detect common antibodies against PRRSV-1 and-2,and the g1-PRRSV-Nb136-HRP nanobody was chosen for the g1-cELISA,to detect anti-PRRSV-1 antibodies.The two cELISAs were developed using PRRSV-1-N protein as coating antigen,and the amounts for both were 100 ng/well.The optimized dilution of testing pig sera was 1:20,the optimized reaction times were 30 min,and the colorimetric reaction times were 15 min.Then,the cut-off values of the g1-2-cELISA and g1-cELISA were 26.6%and 35.6%,respectively.Both of them have high sensitivity,strong specificity,good repeatability,and stability.In addition,for the 1534 clinical pig sera,an agreement rate of 99.02%(Kappa values=0.97)was determined between the g1-2-cELISA and the commercial IDEXX ELISA kit.For the g1-cELSIA,it can specifically detect anti-PRRSV-1 antibodies in the clinical pig sera.Importantly,combining two nanobody-based cELISAs can differentially detect antibodies against PRRSV-1 and-2.展开更多
Many studies have investigated the selective laser melting(SLM)of AlSi10Mg and AlSi7Mg alloys,but there are still lack of researches focused on Al-Si-Mg alloys specifically tailored for SLM.In this work,a novel high M...Many studies have investigated the selective laser melting(SLM)of AlSi10Mg and AlSi7Mg alloys,but there are still lack of researches focused on Al-Si-Mg alloys specifically tailored for SLM.In this work,a novel high Mg-content AlSi8Mg3 alloy was specifically designed for SLM.The results showed that this new alloy exhibited excellent SLM processability with a lowest porosity of 0.07%.Massive lattice distortion led to a high Vickers hardness in samples fabricated at a high laser power due to the precipitation of Mg_(2)Si nanoparticles from theα-Al matrix induced by high-intensity intrinsic heat treatment during SLM.The maximum microhardness and compressive yield strength of the alloy reached HV(211±4)and(526±12)MPa,respectively.After aging treatment at 150℃,the maximum microhardness and compressive yield strength of the samples were further improved to HV(221±4)and(577±5)MPa,respectively.These values are higher than those of most known aluminum alloys fabricated by SLM.This paper provides a new idea for optimizing the mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg alloys fabricated using SLM.展开更多
As an extension of the traditional encryption technology,information hiding has been increasingly used in the fields of communication and network media,and the covert communication technology has gradually developed.T...As an extension of the traditional encryption technology,information hiding has been increasingly used in the fields of communication and network media,and the covert communication technology has gradually developed.The blockchain technology that has emerged in recent years has the characteristics of decentralization and tamper resistance,which can effectively alleviate the disadvantages and problems of traditional covert communication.However,its combination with covert communication thus far has been mostly at the theoretical level.The BLOCCE method,as an early result of the combination of blockchain and covert communication technology,has the problems of low information embedding efficiency,the use of too many Bitcoin addresses,low communication efficiency,and high costs.The present research improved on this method,designed the V-BLOCCE which uses base58 to encrypt the plaintext and reuses the addresses generated by Vanitygen multiple times to embed information.This greatly improves the efficiency of information embedding and decreases the number of Bitcoin addresses used.Under the premise of ensuring the order,the Bitcoin transaction OP_RETURN field is used to store the information required to restore the plaintext and the transactions are issued at the same time to improve the information transmission efficiency.Thus,a more efficient and feasible method for the application of covert communication on the blockchain is proposed.In addition,this paper also provides a more feasible scheme and theoretical support for covert communication in blockchain.展开更多
In Punjab(Pakistan),the increasing population and expansion of land use for agriculture have severely exploited the regional groundwater resources.Intensive pumping has resulted in a rapid decline in the level of the ...In Punjab(Pakistan),the increasing population and expansion of land use for agriculture have severely exploited the regional groundwater resources.Intensive pumping has resulted in a rapid decline in the level of the water table as well as its quality.Better management practices and artificial recharge are needed for the development of sustainable groundwater resources.This study proposes a methodology to delineate favorable groundwater potential recharge zones(FPRI)by integrating maps of groundwater potential recharge index(PRI)with the DRASTIC-based groundwater vulnerability index(VI).In order to evaluate both indexes,different thematic layers corresponding to each index were overlaid in ArcGIS.In the overlay analysis,the weights(for various thematic layers)and rating values(for sub-classes)were allocated based on a review of published literature.Both were then normalized and modified using the analytical hierarchical process(AHP)and a frequency ratio model respectively.After evaluating PRI and FPRI,these maps were validated using the area under the curve(AUC)method.The PRI map indicates that 53%of the area assessed exists in very low to low recharge zones,22%in moderate,and 25%in high to excellent potential recharge zones.The VI map indicates that 38%of the area assessed exists in very low to low vulnerability,33%in moderate,and 29%in high to very high vulnerability zones.The FPRI map shows that the central region of Punjab is moderately-to-highly favorable for recharge due to its low vulnerability and high recharge potential.During the validation process,it was found that the AUC estimated with modified weights and rating values was 79%and 67%,for PRI and VI indexes,respectively.The AUC was less when evaluated using original weights and rating values taken from published literature.Maps of favorable groundwater potential recharge zones are helpful for planning and implementation of wells and hydraulic structures in this region.展开更多
Combining a progressive tandem junction design with a unique Si nanowire(SiNW)framework paves the way for the development of high‐onset‐potential photocathodes and enhancement of solar hydrogen production.Herein,a r...Combining a progressive tandem junction design with a unique Si nanowire(SiNW)framework paves the way for the development of high‐onset‐potential photocathodes and enhancement of solar hydrogen production.Herein,a radial tandem junction(RTJ)thin film water‐splitting photo‐cathode has been demonstrated experimentally for the first time.The photocathode is directly fab‐ricated on vapor‐liquid‐solid‐grown SiNWs and consists of two radially stacked p‐i‐n junctions,featuring hydrogenated amorphous silicon(a‐Si:H)as the outer absorber layer,which absorbs short wavelengths,and hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium(a‐SiGe:H)as the inner layer,which absorbs long wavelengths.The randomly distributed SiNW framework enables highly efficient light‐trapping,which facilitates the use of very thin absorber layers of a‐Si:H(~50 nm)and a‐SiGe:H(~40 nm).In a neutral electrolyte(pH=7),the three‐dimensional(3D)RTJ photocathode delivers a high photocurrent onset of 1.15 V vs.the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),accompanied by a photocurrent of 2.98 mA/cm^(2) at 0 V vs.RHE,and an overall applied‐bias photon‐to‐current effi‐ciency of 1.72%.These results emphasize the promising role of 3D radial tandem technology in developing a new generation of durable,low‐cost,high‐onset‐potential photocathodes capable of large‐scale implementation。展开更多
Covert channel of the packet ordering is a hot research topic.Encryption technology is not enough to protect the security of both sides of communication.Covert channel needs to hide the transmission data and protect c...Covert channel of the packet ordering is a hot research topic.Encryption technology is not enough to protect the security of both sides of communication.Covert channel needs to hide the transmission data and protect content of communication.The traditional methods are usually to use proxy technology such as tor anonymous tracking technology to achieve hiding from the communicator.However,because the establishment of proxy communication needs to consume traffic,the communication capacity will be reduced,and in recent years,the tor technology often has vulnerabilities that led to the leakage of secret information.In this paper,the covert channel model of the packet ordering is applied into the distributed system,and a distributed covert channel of the packet ordering enhancement model based on data compression(DCCPOEDC)is proposed.The data compression algorithms are used to reduce the amount of data and transmission time.The distributed system and data compression algorithms can weaken the hidden statistical probability of information.Furthermore,they can enhance the unknowability of the data and weaken the time distribution characteristics of the data packets.This paper selected a compression algorithm suitable for DCCPOEDC and analyzed DCCPOEDC from anonymity,transmission efficiency,and transmission performance.According to the analysis results,it can be seen that DCCPOEDC optimizes the covert channel of the packet ordering,which saves the transmission time and improves the concealment compared with the original covert channel.展开更多
Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and MaterialsVolume 29, Number 9, September 2022, Page 1770https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2287-1The original version of this article unfortunately contained...Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and MaterialsVolume 29, Number 9, September 2022, Page 1770https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2287-1The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake due to the PDF file conversion through different softwares. The presentation of Fig. 13 in original version was incorrect.展开更多
The Naoli River Basin(NRB),a pivotal agricultural production area in China,is poised to undergo substantial impacts on water resources due to projected climate and land use/cover(LULC)changes.Despite its significance ...The Naoli River Basin(NRB),a pivotal agricultural production area in China,is poised to undergo substantial impacts on water resources due to projected climate and land use/cover(LULC)changes.Despite its significance in the context of China’s expanding farmland construction in the NRB,there exists limited research on the potential repercussions of future shifts in runoff,soil water content(SWC),and evapotranspiration(ET)on crop productivity and water availability(both in terms of quantity and timing).This study employs future LULC maps and an ensemble of ten CMIP6 Global Climate Models(GCMs)across three scenarios to drive the well-calibrated distributed hydrological model,ESSI-3.The objective of present study is aimed on projecting hydrological consequences under climate and land use/land cover changes in near-term(2026–2050),middle-term(2051–2075),and far-term(2076–2100)future in comparison to the baseline period of 1990–2014.Results consistently indicate an increase trend in annual average ET,runoff,and SWC in the NRB across all three future periods under the three SSP scenarios.LULC changes emerge as the primary driver influencing regional hydrological processes in the near future.Notably,under high-emission scenarios,monthly runoff and SWC are projected to significantly increase in March but decrease in April during the middle and far future periods compared to the baseline.This shift is attributed to the anticipated warming of winter and spring,leading to a transition in peak snowmelt from April to March.Concurrently,the expansion of cropland intensifies crop evapotranspiration demand,potentially exacerbating water stress during the early stages of crop growth in April.The findings underscore the importance of addressing the substantial impacts of climate change and land use planning on regional water cycling processes.Early planning to mitigate water shortages during the initial stage of future crop growth is crucial for ensuring food security and managing water-related challenges in the NRB and neighboring mid-high latitude regions.展开更多
Tumor metastasis,the apex of cancer progression,poses a formidable challenge in therapeutic endeavors.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs),resilient entities originating from primary tumors or their metastases,significantly ...Tumor metastasis,the apex of cancer progression,poses a formidable challenge in therapeutic endeavors.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs),resilient entities originating from primary tumors or their metastases,significantly contribute to this process by demonstrating remarkable adaptability.They survive shear stress,resist anoikis,evade immune surveillance,and thwart chemotherapy.This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate landscape of CTC formation,metastatic mechanisms,and the myriad factors influencing their behavior.Integral signaling pathways,such as integrin-related signaling,cellular autophagy,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and interactions with platelets,are examined in detail.Furthermore,we explore the realm of precision nanomedicine design,with a specific emphasis on the anoikis‒platelet interface.This innovative approach strategically targets CTC survival mechanisms,offering promising avenues for combatting metastatic cancer with unprecedented precision and efficacy.The review underscores the indispensable role of the rational design of platelet-based nanomedicine in the pursuit of restraining CTC-driven metastasis.展开更多
Deltaic sedimentary systems form the most favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs in continental faulted lacustrine basins,and their types and controlling factors directly affect the distribution of hydrocarbons.The systemat...Deltaic sedimentary systems form the most favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs in continental faulted lacustrine basins,and their types and controlling factors directly affect the distribution of hydrocarbons.The systematic study of typical modern delta deposition provides significant guidance regarding the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs in the subsurface.For this reason,the Heima River delta in Qinghai Lake,which features multiple sediment sources and clear sedimentary evolution stages,was selected for this research.A detailed study of the sedimentology and architectural characteristics of the Heimahe delta in Qinghai Lake was conducted.A total of 4 types of gravel facies,4 types of sand facies,and 2 types of mud facies were identified.This study also focuses on recognizing the architectural elements within channels and bars.The delta plain features debris-flow,switched,and migrated channels and vertical and bilateral aggradation bars.The delta front features migrated and filled channels and bilateral and lateral aggradation bars.Twenty-two representative outcrop sections were selected.Detailed observation and analysis of these sections revealed three stages:the progradation to aggradation(PA)stage,in which the deposits show evidence of sigmoid-type and coarse-grained sedimentation;the retrogradation(R)stage,which is characterized by imbricated regression;and the aggradation to progradation and degradation(APD)stage,which is characterized by a terraced-stepping,progression stacking pattern.Based on the integrated analysis of the sedimentary environment,outcrop lithofacies associations,architecture stacking patterns,fossils and bioclasts,we identified diverse depositional associations and constructed a sedimentary evolution model of the depositional system in this area.We suggest that the depositional system transitioned from an early single-provenance gravel-rich fan delta to a multi-provenance mud-rich delta and that two factors mainly controlled the transition:the southern boundary fault activity and lake level variations.The contemporaneous activity of the fault increased the accommodation in the low-stand systems tract,which resulted in continuous coarse-sediment deposition.展开更多
Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)have been implemented worldwide to suppress the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,few studies have evaluated the effect of NPIs on other infectious d...Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)have been implemented worldwide to suppress the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,few studies have evaluated the effect of NPIs on other infectious diseases and none has assessed the avoided disease burden associated with NPIs.We aimed to assess the effect of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and evaluate the health economic benefits related to the reduction in the incidence of infectious diseases.Methods Data on 10 notifiable infectious diseases across China during 2010–2020 were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.A two-stage controlled interrupted time-series design with a quasi-Poisson regression model was used to examine the impact of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases.The analysis was first performed at the provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)level in China,then the PLAD-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effect meta-analysis.Results A total of 61,393,737 cases of 10 infectious diseases were identified.The implementation of NPIs was associated with 5.13 million(95%confidence interval[CI]3.45‒7.42)avoided cases and USD 1.77 billion(95%CI 1.18‒2.57)avoided hospital expenditures in 2020.There were 4.52 million(95%CI 3.00‒6.63)avoided cases for children and adolescents,corresponding to 88.2%of total avoided cases.The top leading cause of avoided burden attributable to NPIs was influenza[avoided percentage(AP):89.3%;95%CI 84.5‒92.6].Socioeconomic status and population density were effect modifiers.Conclusions NPIs for COVID-19 could effectively control the prevalence of infectious diseases,with patterns of risk varying by socioeconomic status.These findings have important implications for informing targeted strategies to prevent infectious diseases.展开更多
Exploring superior electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is an urgent need for hydrogen production based on water splitting.The redistribution of electrons and the increase of active sites through multi-...Exploring superior electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is an urgent need for hydrogen production based on water splitting.The redistribution of electrons and the increase of active sites through multi-interface designing of electrocatalyst are powerful strategies to improve the catalytic efficiency.Herein,a three-phase interface structure of N,P co-doped carbon tube embedded with MoO_(2)/Mo_(2)C(MoO_(2)/Mo_(2)C-CT)was fabricated via a cooperative polymerizing-embedding and pyrolysis strategy.Work function and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)verified that the interfacial charge was quantificationally modulated,achieving an intrinsically enhanced charge transfer by an induced built-in electric field.Theoretical study of density functional theory(DFT)illustrated that triple-interface structure showed a lower energy for H*+H2O*than that of single-interface counterparts.The triple-interface MoO_(2)/Mo_(2)C-CT delivered a lower overpotential of 129 mV at 10 mA·cm^(−2)than that of either single-interface MoO_(2)-CT or Mo_(2)C-CT catalyst.This work may put forward an attractive approach for modulating electronic structure and provide insights into the understanding of triple-interface structure towards HER.展开更多
Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)play an important role in facilitating the progression of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)by deteriorating the tumor mechanical microenvironment(TMME).Herein,we designed a CAFs-ta...Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)play an important role in facilitating the progression of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)by deteriorating the tumor mechanical microenvironment(TMME).Herein,we designed a CAFs-targeting nanomedicine by conjugating doxorubicin(DOX)-loaded hydroxyethyl starch-IR780 nanoparticles(NPs)with Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala(CREKA)peptide,which had a special affinity for fibronectin overexpressed on CAFs.After systemic administration,the NPs efficiently targeted CAFs and generated hyperthermia upon light irradiation,decreasing CAFs through the combination of chemo-and photothermal-therapies.Thus,a series of changes in TMME were achieved by reducing CAFs,which further disrupted the niche of cancer stem cells(CSCs)to affect their survival.As a result,the tumor growth was significantly inhibited in 4T1 tumors.The strategy of TMME modulation and CSCs elimination through targeting and depleting CAFs provides a novel therapeutic treatment for desmoplastic solid tumors.展开更多
Background Urbanization greatly afects the natural and social environment of human existence and may have a multifactoral impact on parasitic diseases.Schistosomiasis,a common parasitic disease transmitted by the snai...Background Urbanization greatly afects the natural and social environment of human existence and may have a multifactoral impact on parasitic diseases.Schistosomiasis,a common parasitic disease transmitted by the snail Oncomelania hupensis,is mainly found in areas with population aggregations along rivers and lakes where snails live.Previous studies have suggested that factors related to urbanization may infuence the infection risk of schistosomiasis,but this association remains unclear.This study aimed to analyse the efect of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection risk from a spatial and temporal perspective in the endemic areas along the Yangtze River Basin in China.Methods County-level schistosomiasis surveillance data and natural environmental factor data covering the whole Anhui Province were collected.The urbanization level was characterized based on night-time light data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System(DMSP-OLS)and the National Polar-Orbiting Partnership’s Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(NPP-VIIRS).The geographically and temporally weighted regression model(GTWR)was used to quantify the infuence of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection risk with the other potential risk factors controlled.The regression coefcient of urbanization was tested for signifcance(α=0.05),and the infuence of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection risk was analysed over time and across space based on signifcant regression coefcients.Variables studied included climate,soil,vegetation,hydrology and topography.Results The mean regression coefcient for urbanization(0.167)is second only to the leached soil area(0.300),which shows that the urbanization is the most important infuence factors for schistosomiasis infection risk besides leached soil area.The other important variables are distance to the nearest water source(0.165),mean minimum temperature(0.130),broadleaf forest area(0.105),amount of precipitation(0.073),surface temperature(0.066),soil bulk density(0.037)and grassland area(0.031).The infuence of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection risk showed a decreasing trend year by year.During the study period,the signifcant coefcient of urbanization level increased from−0.205 to−0.131.Conclusions The infuence of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection has spatio-temporal heterogeneous.The urbanization does reduce the risk of schistosomiasis infection to some extend,but the strength of this infuence decreases with increasing urbanization.Additionally,the efect of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection risk was greater than previous reported natural environmental factors.This study provides scientifc basis for understanding the infuence of urbanization on schistosomiasis,and also provides the feasible research methods for other similar studies to answer the issue about the impact of urbanization on disease risk.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972213)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22ZR1460700).
文摘Heterojunction construction,especially S-scheme heterojunction,represents an efficient universal strategy to achieve high-performance photocatalytic materials.For further performance stimulation of these well-designed heterojunctions,modulating the interfacial internal electric field(IEF)to steer dynamic charge transfer represents a promising approach.Herein,we realized the precise regulation of Fermi level(E_(F))of the oxidation semiconductor(mesoporous WO_(3-x))by tailoring the concentration of oxygen vacancies(V_(O)),maximizing the IEF intensity in Cs_(2)CuBr_(4)@WO_(3-x)(CCB@WO_(3-x))S-scheme heterojunction.The augmented IEF affords a robust driving force for directional electron delivery,leading to boosted charge separation.Hence,the developed CCB@WO_(3-x)S-scheme heterojunction demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction performance,with the electron consumption rate(Relectron)up to 390.34μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),which is 3.28 folds higher than that of pure CCB.An in-depth analysis of the S-scheme electron transfer mode was presented via theoretical investigations,electron spin resonance(ESR),photo-irradiated Kelvin probe force microscopy(KPFM),and in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Finally,the CO_(2)photoconversion route was explored in detail using in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)and DFT theoretical calculations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51801079 and 52001140)the Portugal National Funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia Project(No.2021.04115).
文摘To increase the processability and plasticity of the selective laser melting(SLM)fabricated Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloys,a novel TiB_(2)-modified Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy with a mixture of Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr and nano-TiB_(2) powders was fabricated by SLM.The pro-cessability,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the alloy were systematically investigated by density measurement,microstruc-ture characterization,and mechanical properties testing.The alloys fabricated at 250 W displayed higher relative densities due to a uni-formly smooth top surface and appropriate laser energy input.The maximum relative density value of the alloy reached(99.7±0.1)%,demonstrating good processability.The alloy exhibited a duplex grain microstructure consisting of columnar regions primarily and equiaxed regions with TiB_(2),Al6Mn,and Al3Er phases distributed along the grain boundaries.After directly aging treatment at a high tem-perature of 400℃,the strength of the SLM-fabricated TiB_(2)/Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy increased due to the precipitation of the secondary Al6Mn phases.The maximum yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the aging alloy were measured to be(374±1)and(512±13)MPa,respectively.The SLM-fabricated TiB_(2)/Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy demonstrates exceptional strength and thermal stability due to the synergistic effects of the inhibition of grain growth,the incorporation of TiB_(2) nanoparticles,and the precipitation of secondary Al6Mn nanoparticles.
基金funded by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1800304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China to QZ(32273041)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China(2022JC-12)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,National Data Center of Animal Health.
文摘Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)infection causes significant economic loss to the global pig industry.Genotype 1 and 2 PRRSV(PRRSV-1 and-2)infections have been reported in China,Europe and America.For accurate prevention,nanobodies were first used as diagnostic reagents for PRRSV typing.In this study three nanobodies targeting both PRRSV-1 and-2,two targeting PRRSV-1 and three targeting PRRSV-2,were screened and produced.To develop two competitive ELISAs(cELISAs),the g1-2-PRRSV-Nb3-HRP nanobody was chosen for the g1-2-cELISA,to detect common antibodies against PRRSV-1 and-2,and the g1-PRRSV-Nb136-HRP nanobody was chosen for the g1-cELISA,to detect anti-PRRSV-1 antibodies.The two cELISAs were developed using PRRSV-1-N protein as coating antigen,and the amounts for both were 100 ng/well.The optimized dilution of testing pig sera was 1:20,the optimized reaction times were 30 min,and the colorimetric reaction times were 15 min.Then,the cut-off values of the g1-2-cELISA and g1-cELISA were 26.6%and 35.6%,respectively.Both of them have high sensitivity,strong specificity,good repeatability,and stability.In addition,for the 1534 clinical pig sera,an agreement rate of 99.02%(Kappa values=0.97)was determined between the g1-2-cELISA and the commercial IDEXX ELISA kit.For the g1-cELSIA,it can specifically detect anti-PRRSV-1 antibodies in the clinical pig sera.Importantly,combining two nanobody-based cELISAs can differentially detect antibodies against PRRSV-1 and-2.
基金financially supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51801079 and 52001140)the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Jiangsu,China(Nos.BK20180985 and BK20180987)the Open Foundation of Zhenjiang Key Laboratory for High Technology Research on Marine Functional Films(No.ZHZ2019001)。
文摘Many studies have investigated the selective laser melting(SLM)of AlSi10Mg and AlSi7Mg alloys,but there are still lack of researches focused on Al-Si-Mg alloys specifically tailored for SLM.In this work,a novel high Mg-content AlSi8Mg3 alloy was specifically designed for SLM.The results showed that this new alloy exhibited excellent SLM processability with a lowest porosity of 0.07%.Massive lattice distortion led to a high Vickers hardness in samples fabricated at a high laser power due to the precipitation of Mg_(2)Si nanoparticles from theα-Al matrix induced by high-intensity intrinsic heat treatment during SLM.The maximum microhardness and compressive yield strength of the alloy reached HV(211±4)and(526±12)MPa,respectively.After aging treatment at 150℃,the maximum microhardness and compressive yield strength of the samples were further improved to HV(221±4)and(577±5)MPa,respectively.These values are higher than those of most known aluminum alloys fabricated by SLM.This paper provides a new idea for optimizing the mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg alloys fabricated using SLM.
基金This work is sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China under Grant No.LC2016024Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Grant No.17KJB520044Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province No.XYDXX-108.
文摘As an extension of the traditional encryption technology,information hiding has been increasingly used in the fields of communication and network media,and the covert communication technology has gradually developed.The blockchain technology that has emerged in recent years has the characteristics of decentralization and tamper resistance,which can effectively alleviate the disadvantages and problems of traditional covert communication.However,its combination with covert communication thus far has been mostly at the theoretical level.The BLOCCE method,as an early result of the combination of blockchain and covert communication technology,has the problems of low information embedding efficiency,the use of too many Bitcoin addresses,low communication efficiency,and high costs.The present research improved on this method,designed the V-BLOCCE which uses base58 to encrypt the plaintext and reuses the addresses generated by Vanitygen multiple times to embed information.This greatly improves the efficiency of information embedding and decreases the number of Bitcoin addresses used.Under the premise of ensuring the order,the Bitcoin transaction OP_RETURN field is used to store the information required to restore the plaintext and the transactions are issued at the same time to improve the information transmission efficiency.Thus,a more efficient and feasible method for the application of covert communication on the blockchain is proposed.In addition,this paper also provides a more feasible scheme and theoretical support for covert communication in blockchain.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0602302 and 2016YFB0502502)。
文摘In Punjab(Pakistan),the increasing population and expansion of land use for agriculture have severely exploited the regional groundwater resources.Intensive pumping has resulted in a rapid decline in the level of the water table as well as its quality.Better management practices and artificial recharge are needed for the development of sustainable groundwater resources.This study proposes a methodology to delineate favorable groundwater potential recharge zones(FPRI)by integrating maps of groundwater potential recharge index(PRI)with the DRASTIC-based groundwater vulnerability index(VI).In order to evaluate both indexes,different thematic layers corresponding to each index were overlaid in ArcGIS.In the overlay analysis,the weights(for various thematic layers)and rating values(for sub-classes)were allocated based on a review of published literature.Both were then normalized and modified using the analytical hierarchical process(AHP)and a frequency ratio model respectively.After evaluating PRI and FPRI,these maps were validated using the area under the curve(AUC)method.The PRI map indicates that 53%of the area assessed exists in very low to low recharge zones,22%in moderate,and 25%in high to excellent potential recharge zones.The VI map indicates that 38%of the area assessed exists in very low to low vulnerability,33%in moderate,and 29%in high to very high vulnerability zones.The FPRI map shows that the central region of Punjab is moderately-to-highly favorable for recharge due to its low vulnerability and high recharge potential.During the validation process,it was found that the AUC estimated with modified weights and rating values was 79%and 67%,for PRI and VI indexes,respectively.The AUC was less when evaluated using original weights and rating values taken from published literature.Maps of favorable groundwater potential recharge zones are helpful for planning and implementation of wells and hydraulic structures in this region.
文摘Combining a progressive tandem junction design with a unique Si nanowire(SiNW)framework paves the way for the development of high‐onset‐potential photocathodes and enhancement of solar hydrogen production.Herein,a radial tandem junction(RTJ)thin film water‐splitting photo‐cathode has been demonstrated experimentally for the first time.The photocathode is directly fab‐ricated on vapor‐liquid‐solid‐grown SiNWs and consists of two radially stacked p‐i‐n junctions,featuring hydrogenated amorphous silicon(a‐Si:H)as the outer absorber layer,which absorbs short wavelengths,and hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium(a‐SiGe:H)as the inner layer,which absorbs long wavelengths.The randomly distributed SiNW framework enables highly efficient light‐trapping,which facilitates the use of very thin absorber layers of a‐Si:H(~50 nm)and a‐SiGe:H(~40 nm).In a neutral electrolyte(pH=7),the three‐dimensional(3D)RTJ photocathode delivers a high photocurrent onset of 1.15 V vs.the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),accompanied by a photocurrent of 2.98 mA/cm^(2) at 0 V vs.RHE,and an overall applied‐bias photon‐to‐current effi‐ciency of 1.72%.These results emphasize the promising role of 3D radial tandem technology in developing a new generation of durable,low‐cost,high‐onset‐potential photocathodes capable of large‐scale implementation。
基金This work is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No.61100008Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China under Grant No.LC2016024+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Grant No.17KJB520044Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province No.XYDXX-108.
文摘Covert channel of the packet ordering is a hot research topic.Encryption technology is not enough to protect the security of both sides of communication.Covert channel needs to hide the transmission data and protect content of communication.The traditional methods are usually to use proxy technology such as tor anonymous tracking technology to achieve hiding from the communicator.However,because the establishment of proxy communication needs to consume traffic,the communication capacity will be reduced,and in recent years,the tor technology often has vulnerabilities that led to the leakage of secret information.In this paper,the covert channel model of the packet ordering is applied into the distributed system,and a distributed covert channel of the packet ordering enhancement model based on data compression(DCCPOEDC)is proposed.The data compression algorithms are used to reduce the amount of data and transmission time.The distributed system and data compression algorithms can weaken the hidden statistical probability of information.Furthermore,they can enhance the unknowability of the data and weaken the time distribution characteristics of the data packets.This paper selected a compression algorithm suitable for DCCPOEDC and analyzed DCCPOEDC from anonymity,transmission efficiency,and transmission performance.According to the analysis results,it can be seen that DCCPOEDC optimizes the covert channel of the packet ordering,which saves the transmission time and improves the concealment compared with the original covert channel.
文摘Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and MaterialsVolume 29, Number 9, September 2022, Page 1770https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2287-1The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake due to the PDF file conversion through different softwares. The presentation of Fig. 13 in original version was incorrect.
基金funded by the Innovative Research Program of the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(Grant No.CBAS2022IRP08)the Major science and technology project of Ministry of Water Resources(Grant No.SKS-2022008).
文摘The Naoli River Basin(NRB),a pivotal agricultural production area in China,is poised to undergo substantial impacts on water resources due to projected climate and land use/cover(LULC)changes.Despite its significance in the context of China’s expanding farmland construction in the NRB,there exists limited research on the potential repercussions of future shifts in runoff,soil water content(SWC),and evapotranspiration(ET)on crop productivity and water availability(both in terms of quantity and timing).This study employs future LULC maps and an ensemble of ten CMIP6 Global Climate Models(GCMs)across three scenarios to drive the well-calibrated distributed hydrological model,ESSI-3.The objective of present study is aimed on projecting hydrological consequences under climate and land use/land cover changes in near-term(2026–2050),middle-term(2051–2075),and far-term(2076–2100)future in comparison to the baseline period of 1990–2014.Results consistently indicate an increase trend in annual average ET,runoff,and SWC in the NRB across all three future periods under the three SSP scenarios.LULC changes emerge as the primary driver influencing regional hydrological processes in the near future.Notably,under high-emission scenarios,monthly runoff and SWC are projected to significantly increase in March but decrease in April during the middle and far future periods compared to the baseline.This shift is attributed to the anticipated warming of winter and spring,leading to a transition in peak snowmelt from April to March.Concurrently,the expansion of cropland intensifies crop evapotranspiration demand,potentially exacerbating water stress during the early stages of crop growth in April.The findings underscore the importance of addressing the substantial impacts of climate change and land use planning on regional water cycling processes.Early planning to mitigate water shortages during the initial stage of future crop growth is crucial for ensuring food security and managing water-related challenges in the NRB and neighboring mid-high latitude regions.
基金funded by Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Startup Funding to Yunfei Li,and supported by Open Projects Fund of Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology,Shandong University(No.2023CCG13,China)funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82074030).
文摘Tumor metastasis,the apex of cancer progression,poses a formidable challenge in therapeutic endeavors.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs),resilient entities originating from primary tumors or their metastases,significantly contribute to this process by demonstrating remarkable adaptability.They survive shear stress,resist anoikis,evade immune surveillance,and thwart chemotherapy.This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate landscape of CTC formation,metastatic mechanisms,and the myriad factors influencing their behavior.Integral signaling pathways,such as integrin-related signaling,cellular autophagy,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and interactions with platelets,are examined in detail.Furthermore,we explore the realm of precision nanomedicine design,with a specific emphasis on the anoikis‒platelet interface.This innovative approach strategically targets CTC survival mechanisms,offering promising avenues for combatting metastatic cancer with unprecedented precision and efficacy.The review underscores the indispensable role of the rational design of platelet-based nanomedicine in the pursuit of restraining CTC-driven metastasis.
基金co-funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42172112 and 42272124)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2-9-2019-100)Major State Science and Technology Research Program(Nos.2016ZX05024-002 and 2017ZX05001-002).
文摘Deltaic sedimentary systems form the most favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs in continental faulted lacustrine basins,and their types and controlling factors directly affect the distribution of hydrocarbons.The systematic study of typical modern delta deposition provides significant guidance regarding the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs in the subsurface.For this reason,the Heima River delta in Qinghai Lake,which features multiple sediment sources and clear sedimentary evolution stages,was selected for this research.A detailed study of the sedimentology and architectural characteristics of the Heimahe delta in Qinghai Lake was conducted.A total of 4 types of gravel facies,4 types of sand facies,and 2 types of mud facies were identified.This study also focuses on recognizing the architectural elements within channels and bars.The delta plain features debris-flow,switched,and migrated channels and vertical and bilateral aggradation bars.The delta front features migrated and filled channels and bilateral and lateral aggradation bars.Twenty-two representative outcrop sections were selected.Detailed observation and analysis of these sections revealed three stages:the progradation to aggradation(PA)stage,in which the deposits show evidence of sigmoid-type and coarse-grained sedimentation;the retrogradation(R)stage,which is characterized by imbricated regression;and the aggradation to progradation and degradation(APD)stage,which is characterized by a terraced-stepping,progression stacking pattern.Based on the integrated analysis of the sedimentary environment,outcrop lithofacies associations,architecture stacking patterns,fossils and bioclasts,we identified diverse depositional associations and constructed a sedimentary evolution model of the depositional system in this area.We suggest that the depositional system transitioned from an early single-provenance gravel-rich fan delta to a multi-provenance mud-rich delta and that two factors mainly controlled the transition:the southern boundary fault activity and lake level variations.The contemporaneous activity of the fault increased the accommodation in the low-stand systems tract,which resulted in continuous coarse-sediment deposition.
基金supported by Chinese Major Grant for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases(2018ZX10713003)the Australian Research Council(DP210102076)+4 种基金the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(GNT2000581)WY and BW were supported by China Scholarship Council(number 202006010044 for YW and 202006010043 for BW)SL is supported by an Emerging Leader Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRCGNT2009866)YG is supported by NHMRC Career Development Fellowship(GNT1163693)and Leader Fellowship(GNT2008813).
文摘Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)have been implemented worldwide to suppress the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,few studies have evaluated the effect of NPIs on other infectious diseases and none has assessed the avoided disease burden associated with NPIs.We aimed to assess the effect of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and evaluate the health economic benefits related to the reduction in the incidence of infectious diseases.Methods Data on 10 notifiable infectious diseases across China during 2010–2020 were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.A two-stage controlled interrupted time-series design with a quasi-Poisson regression model was used to examine the impact of NPIs on the incidence of infectious diseases.The analysis was first performed at the provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)level in China,then the PLAD-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effect meta-analysis.Results A total of 61,393,737 cases of 10 infectious diseases were identified.The implementation of NPIs was associated with 5.13 million(95%confidence interval[CI]3.45‒7.42)avoided cases and USD 1.77 billion(95%CI 1.18‒2.57)avoided hospital expenditures in 2020.There were 4.52 million(95%CI 3.00‒6.63)avoided cases for children and adolescents,corresponding to 88.2%of total avoided cases.The top leading cause of avoided burden attributable to NPIs was influenza[avoided percentage(AP):89.3%;95%CI 84.5‒92.6].Socioeconomic status and population density were effect modifiers.Conclusions NPIs for COVID-19 could effectively control the prevalence of infectious diseases,with patterns of risk varying by socioeconomic status.These findings have important implications for informing targeted strategies to prevent infectious diseases.
基金support by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22120220058)athe Instrumental Analysis Fund of Tongji University(No.2022GX072).
文摘Exploring superior electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is an urgent need for hydrogen production based on water splitting.The redistribution of electrons and the increase of active sites through multi-interface designing of electrocatalyst are powerful strategies to improve the catalytic efficiency.Herein,a three-phase interface structure of N,P co-doped carbon tube embedded with MoO_(2)/Mo_(2)C(MoO_(2)/Mo_(2)C-CT)was fabricated via a cooperative polymerizing-embedding and pyrolysis strategy.Work function and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)verified that the interfacial charge was quantificationally modulated,achieving an intrinsically enhanced charge transfer by an induced built-in electric field.Theoretical study of density functional theory(DFT)illustrated that triple-interface structure showed a lower energy for H*+H2O*than that of single-interface counterparts.The triple-interface MoO_(2)/Mo_(2)C-CT delivered a lower overpotential of 129 mV at 10 mA·cm^(−2)than that of either single-interface MoO_(2)-CT or Mo_(2)C-CT catalyst.This work may put forward an attractive approach for modulating electronic structure and provide insights into the understanding of triple-interface structure towards HER.
基金the National Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFA0208900,2020YFA0211200,and 2020YFA0710700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82172757 and 31972927)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.3004170130)the Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team(No.2018QYTD01)the HCP Program for HUST.
文摘Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)play an important role in facilitating the progression of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)by deteriorating the tumor mechanical microenvironment(TMME).Herein,we designed a CAFs-targeting nanomedicine by conjugating doxorubicin(DOX)-loaded hydroxyethyl starch-IR780 nanoparticles(NPs)with Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala(CREKA)peptide,which had a special affinity for fibronectin overexpressed on CAFs.After systemic administration,the NPs efficiently targeted CAFs and generated hyperthermia upon light irradiation,decreasing CAFs through the combination of chemo-and photothermal-therapies.Thus,a series of changes in TMME were achieved by reducing CAFs,which further disrupted the niche of cancer stem cells(CSCs)to affect their survival.As a result,the tumor growth was significantly inhibited in 4T1 tumors.The strategy of TMME modulation and CSCs elimination through targeting and depleting CAFs provides a novel therapeutic treatment for desmoplastic solid tumors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973102)Autonomous and Controllable Special Project for Surveying and Mapping of China(Grant No.816-517).
文摘Background Urbanization greatly afects the natural and social environment of human existence and may have a multifactoral impact on parasitic diseases.Schistosomiasis,a common parasitic disease transmitted by the snail Oncomelania hupensis,is mainly found in areas with population aggregations along rivers and lakes where snails live.Previous studies have suggested that factors related to urbanization may infuence the infection risk of schistosomiasis,but this association remains unclear.This study aimed to analyse the efect of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection risk from a spatial and temporal perspective in the endemic areas along the Yangtze River Basin in China.Methods County-level schistosomiasis surveillance data and natural environmental factor data covering the whole Anhui Province were collected.The urbanization level was characterized based on night-time light data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System(DMSP-OLS)and the National Polar-Orbiting Partnership’s Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite(NPP-VIIRS).The geographically and temporally weighted regression model(GTWR)was used to quantify the infuence of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection risk with the other potential risk factors controlled.The regression coefcient of urbanization was tested for signifcance(α=0.05),and the infuence of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection risk was analysed over time and across space based on signifcant regression coefcients.Variables studied included climate,soil,vegetation,hydrology and topography.Results The mean regression coefcient for urbanization(0.167)is second only to the leached soil area(0.300),which shows that the urbanization is the most important infuence factors for schistosomiasis infection risk besides leached soil area.The other important variables are distance to the nearest water source(0.165),mean minimum temperature(0.130),broadleaf forest area(0.105),amount of precipitation(0.073),surface temperature(0.066),soil bulk density(0.037)and grassland area(0.031).The infuence of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection risk showed a decreasing trend year by year.During the study period,the signifcant coefcient of urbanization level increased from−0.205 to−0.131.Conclusions The infuence of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection has spatio-temporal heterogeneous.The urbanization does reduce the risk of schistosomiasis infection to some extend,but the strength of this infuence decreases with increasing urbanization.Additionally,the efect of urbanization on schistosomiasis infection risk was greater than previous reported natural environmental factors.This study provides scientifc basis for understanding the infuence of urbanization on schistosomiasis,and also provides the feasible research methods for other similar studies to answer the issue about the impact of urbanization on disease risk.
