Photobiomodulation inhibits the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans after spinal cord injury via the Sox9 pathway

Both glial cells and glia scar greatly affect the development of spinal cord injury and have become hot spots in research on spinal cord injury treatment.The cellular deposition of dense extracellular matrix proteins such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans inside and around the glial scar is known to affect axonal growth and be a major obstacle to autogenous repair.These proteins are thus candidate targets for spinal cord injury therapy.Our previous studies demonstrated that 810 nm photo biomodulation inhibited the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans after spinal cord injury and greatly improved motor function in model animals.However,the specific mechanism and potential targets involved remain to be clarified.In this study,to investigate the therapeutic effect of photo biomodulation,we established a mouse model of spinal cord injury by T9 clamping and irradiated the injury site at a power density of 50 mW/cm~2 for 50 minutes once a day for 7 consecutive days.We found that photobiomodulation greatly restored motor function in mice and down regulated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression in the injured spinal cord.Bioinformatics analysis revealed that photobiomodulation inhibited the expression of proteoglycan-related genes induced by spinal cord injury,and versican,a type of proteoglycan,was one of the most markedly changed molecules.Immunofluorescence staining showed that after spinal cord injury,versican was present in astrocytes in spinal cord tissue.The expression of versican in primary astrocytes cultured in vitro increased after inflammation induction,whereas photobiomodulation inhibited the expression of ve rsican.Furthermore,we found that the increased levels of p-Smad3,p-P38 and p-Erk in inflammatory astrocytes were reduced after photobiomodulation treatment and after delivery of inhibitors including FR 180204,(E)-SIS3,and SB 202190.This suggests that Sma d 3/Sox9 and MAP K/Sox9 pathways may be involved in the effects of photobiomodulation.In summary,our findings show that photobiomodulation modulates the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans,and versican is one of the key target molecules of photo biomodulation.MAPK/Sox9 and Smad3/Sox9 pathways may play a role in the effects of photo biomodulation on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan accumulation after spinal cord injury.

Anisotropic Plasmon Resonance Enables Spatially Controlled Photothermal and Photochemical Effects in Hot Carrier-Driven Catalysis

Localized surface plasmon resonance has been demonstrated to provide effective photophysical enhancement mechanisms in plasmonic photocatalysis.However,it remains highly challenging for distinct mechanisms to function in synergy for a collective gain in catalysis due to the lack of spatiotemporal control of their effect.Herein,the anisotropic plasmon resonance nature of Au nanorods was exploited to achieve distinct functionality towards synergistic photocatalysis.Photothermal and photochemical effects were enabled by the longitudinal and transverse plasmon resonance modes,respectively,and were enhanced by partial coating of silica nanoshells and epitaxial growth of a reactor component.Resonant excitation leads to a synergistic gain in photothermal-mediated hot carrier-driven hydrogen evolution catalysis.Our approach provides important design principles for plasmonic photocatalysts in achieving spatiotemporal modulation of distinct photophysical enhancement mechanisms.It also effectively broadens the sunlight response range and increases the efficacy of distinct plasmonic enhancement pathways towards solar energy harvesting and conversion.

Identification of photochemical effects in Ni-based photothermal catalysts

Photochemical catalytic processes can reduce the activation energy so that reactions can occur under milder conditions.However,it is still unknown whether photochemical effects are present in photothermal catalysis over conventional transition metal materials.Herein,the representative photothermal CO_(2)hydrogenation catalyst,Ni@p-SiO_(2),is employed as a model system to quantitatively probe the contribution of photochemical effect.Through a series of catalytic and photophysical characterizations,it is found that negligible photochemical effect in the ultraviolet-visible region can be observed for the traditional Ni-based catalyst.The results of photo-electrochemistry(PEC)test further confirm that no apparent photochemical effect is present for the Ni@p-SiO_(2)catalyst in the aqueous-phase environment.It has been further evidenced that the photochemical contributions can be significantly amplified by introducing plasmonic metals,such as Au,into the system.This work provides a guideline for the design and construction of efficient synergetic photothermal-photochemical catalytic systems.

Unloading-slippage mechanism of coal bump in gateroad of longwall

Coal bump seriously threatens the safe and efficient mining of coal,and the research on the occurrence mechanism of coal bump is of great significance.The roadway coal bump accounts for 86.8%of the total.The occurrence of coal bump in gateroad is summarized.It is considered that hard roof and hard coal are the geological characteristics of coal bump,and the sliding instability of rib coal mass is the failure characteristics of coal bump.Based on the elastic foundation theory,the upward deflection characteristics of the front and lateral roof of the working face under the condition of hard roof are analyzed,and compared with the engineering practice of roof rebounding.Taking the roadway coal mass as the research object,the unloading sliding mechanical model of roof-coal-floor composite structure is established.By analyzing the relationship between horizontal ground stress of coal mass,frictional force of coal-roof and coal-floor and tensile resistance of coal mass,the critical equation of coal bump is established.It is proposed that the vertical pressure of coal seam is reduced due to the upward deflection of the roof,and the coal mass loses its clamping and moves into the roadway after overcoming the friction between roof and floor and the tensile strength of coal mass under the action of horizontal ground stress,that is,the unloading and slippage mechanism of coal bump in hard roof mining roadway.The model reasonably explains the causality of coal bump in hard roof mining roadway.Based on the unloading-slippage model,the principle of influencing factors of coal bump,includes the buried depth,roof strength,roof elastic modulus and roof thickness,coal mass strength and elastic modulus.Finally,two coal bump events,''8.2''coal bump in Tangshan coal mine and''11.11''coal bump in Hongyang mine are analyzed and the unloading-slippage mechanism are the reasoning of two events.

A core-shell catalyst design boosts the performance of photothermal reverse water gas shift catalysis

Photothermal reverse water gas shift(RWGS)catalysis holds promise for efficient conversions of greenhouse gas CO_(2) and renewable H_(2),powered solely by sunlight,into CO,an important feedstock for the chemical industry.However,the performance of photothermal RWGS catalysis over existing supported catalysts is limited by the balance between the catalyst loading and dispersity,as well as stability against sintering.Herein,we report a core-shell strategy for the design of photothermal catalysts,by using Ni1_(2)P_(5) as an example,with simultaneously strong light absorption ability,high dispersity and stability.The core-shell structured Ni1_(2)P_(5)@SiO_(2) catalyst with a relatively small Ni1_(2)P_(5) particle size of 15 nm at a high Ni1_(2)P_(5) loading of 30 wt%exhibits improved activity,nearly 100%CO selectivity,and superior stability in photothermal RWGS catalysis,particularly under intense illuminations.Our study clearly reveals the effectiveness of the core-shell strategy in breaking the limitation of supported catalysts and boosting the performance of photothermal CO_(2) catalysis.

优化罪犯计分考核制度研究

现行罪犯计分考核办法存在一定的局限性。相关概念、考核内容、考核方法等均应优化,月考核、改造质量评价、积分制3个基础性概念应当优化。此外,将考核内容优化为行为规范考核、教育改造考核、劳动改造考核,将考核方法优化为积分模式(积分=n月标准得分之和),将考核结果运用优化为以积分为基础的罪犯改造质量评价指标体系,包括评价个体改造质量的8项指标、评价总体改造质量的6项指标。优化的核心是用积分制度来指引罪犯服刑改造行为。

监狱标准化的可能与可行

监狱标准化不仅可能而且可行,监狱标准化可以成为推进新时代中国监狱实践创新与理论创新的切入口。实行监狱标准化管理,或可以成为监狱制度创新的途径,或可以提升监狱治理体系和治理能力现代化水平,或可以推进监狱现代化进程。