Investigating the impact of dynamic structural changes of Au/rutile catalysts on the catalytic activity of CO oxidation

The surface properties of oxidic supports and their interaction with the supported metals play critical roles in governing the catalytic activities of oxide‐supported metal catalysts.When metals are supported on reducible oxides,dynamic surface reconstruction phenomena,including strong metal–support interaction(SMSI)and oxygen vacancy formation,complicate the determination of the structural–functional relationship at the active sites.Here,we performed a systematic investigation of the dynamic behavior of Au nanocatalysts supported on flame‐synthesized TiO_(2),which takes predominantly a rutile phase,using CO oxidation above room temperature as a probe reaction.Our analysis conclusively elucidated a negative correlation between the catalytic activity of Au/TiO_(2) and the oxygen vacancy at the Au/TiO_(2) interface.Although the reversible formation and retracting of SMSI overlayers have been ubiquitously observed on Au/TiO_(2) samples,the catalytic consequence of SMSI remains inconclusive.Density functional theory suggests that the electron transfer from TiO_(2) to Au is correlated to the presence of the interfacial oxygen vacancies,retarding the catalytic activation of CO oxidation.

Hamiltonian system for the inhomogeneous plane elasticity of dodecagonal quasicrystal plates and its analytical solutions

A Hamiltonian system is derived for the plane elasticity problem of two-dimensional dodecagonal quasicrystals by introducing the simple state function. By using symplectic elasticity approach, the analytic solutions of the phonon and phason displacements are obtained further for the quasicrystal plates. In addition, the effectiveness of the approach is verified by comparison with the data of the finite integral transformation method.

ε-己内酯产业化开发的现状与展望

作为生物降解材料聚己内酯(PCL)的合成单体,ε-己内酯一直是高分子材料开发领域的研究热点。长期以来,我国在ε-己内酯规模化生产方面处于相对落后的局面,迟滞了下游产品的开发与推广进程。文中以时间为主线,简述ε-己内酯应用开发的历史与现状,重点关注国外主要ε-己内酯生产基地的发展历程,为从事ε-己内酯产业化的研发人员与开发企业提供经验与教训的借鉴。进而展望了ε-己内酯国产化开发过程中即将面临的风险与挑战,并从安全、技术、政策3个方面给出了应对建议。

The influences of biotic and abiotic factors on the occurrence and severity of poplar canker disease in Qingfeng County, China and the management implications

Landscape pathology is a research approach that can provide validation of the effectiveness of regional controls of forest disease at a landscape scale. In this paper, we analyzed the effects of stand features, management approaches, and geographical locations on poplar canker disease incidence （DI） and disease severity index （DSI） of individual trees at a 10 km x 10 km mesoscale landscape in Qingfeng County, China. DI varied significantly with stand age, tree densities, and the degree of canopy closure. DI in stands younger than 4 years old was significantly lower than that in the stands over 6 years old and reached the highest value at a stand age of 8-10 years. Overall, DI was positively correlated with stand age, stand density, andthe degree of canopy closure. DI was significantly lower in agro-forest stand patches than in other three patch types, i.e. isolated patch, pure stand patch, and mixed stand patch. Poplar plantations distributed around and near to villages exhibited significantly higher DI mainly due to human activities and herbivores. Fragmentation or connectivity in this mesoscale landscape seemed not impact disease occurrence. DSI was not significantly correlated with stand density, but varied significantly with tree varieties and trees ages. DSI was highest in stands of 10-12 year trees for all poplar varieties we studied here. Plantation density and plantation age were thus critical factors in determining DI and DSI. A logistic predictive model of disease occurrence was developed for the study area, considering varieties, age, height, density, canopy cover, stand types, patch types, management status, and stand geographical locations. Our study here shows that adjustment of stand density by thinning at different plantation ages is an effective approach controlling the occurrence canker disease in short-rotation poplar plantations at the landscape scale.

Sorption-enhanced chemical looping oxidative steam reforming of methanol for on-board hydrogen supply

Hydrogen is an indispensable energy carrier for the sustainable development of human society.Nevertheless,its storage,transportation,and in situ generation still face significant challenges.Methanol can be used as an intermediate carrier for hydrogen supplies,providing hydrogen energy through instant methanol conversion.In this study,a sorption-enhanced,chemical-looping,oxidative steam methanol-reforming(SECLOSRM)process is proposed using CuO–MgO for the on-board hydrogen supply,which could be a promising method for safe and efficient hydrogen production.Aspen Plus software was used for feasibility verification and parameter optimization of the SECL-OSRM process.The effects of CuO/CH_(3)OH,MgO/CH_(3)OH,and H_(2)O/CH_(3)OH mole ratios and of temperature on H_(2)production rate,H utilization efficiency,CH_(3)OH conversion,CO concentration,and system heat balance are discussed thoroughly.The results indicate that the system can be operated in autothermal conditions with high-purity hydrogen(99.50 vol%)and ultra-low-concentration CO(<50 ppm)generation,which confirms the possibility of integrating low-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells(LT-PEFMCs)with the SECL-OSRM process.The simulation results indicate that the CO can be modulated in a lower concentration by reducing the temperature and by improving the H_(2)O/CH_(3)OH and MgO/CH_(3)OH mole ratios.

Bayesian estimator of human error probability based on human performance data

A Bayesian method for estimating human error probability（HEP） is presented.The main idea of the method is incorporating human performance data into the HEP estimation process.By integrating human performance data and prior information about human performance together,a more accurate and specific HEP estimation can be achieved.For the time-unrelated task without rigorous time restriction,the HEP estimated by the common-used human reliability analysis（HRA） methods or expert judgments is collected as the source of prior information.And for the time-related task with rigorous time restriction,the human error is expressed as non-response making.Therefore,HEP is the time curve of non-response probability（NRP）.The prior information is collected from system safety and reliability specifications or by expert judgments.The（joint） posterior distribution of HEP or NRP-related parameter（s） is constructed after prior information has been collected.Based on the posterior distribution,the point or interval estimation of HEP/NRP is obtained.Two illustrative examples are introduced to demonstrate the practicality of the aforementioned approach.

Primary extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma of the lung in a 36-year-old female patient:clinical,imaging,and pathologic findings

Primary extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma is a very rare clinical entity. In the report, we present the case of a 36year-old female patient who underwent resection of lung mass and was diagnosed as having Ewing's sarcoma by pathological examination. The clinical, imaging, and pathologic features of the case are described and discussed.

Treatment of immune thrombocytopenia after allogeneic cord blood stem cell transplantation with rituximab: a case report

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a chronic disease resulting from increased platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. Secondary ITP can be a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and represent a lymphoproliferative disorder. A boy with chronic graft-versus-host disease after cord blood stem cell transplantation who had severe refractory immune-mediated thrombocytopenia received infusion of rituximab weekly, 375 mg/m2, for 4 weeks. Platelets count of the patient was recovered, and rituximab was well tolerated with no severe toxicity observed during treatment.

Death Characteristics of Neurological Diseases in Inner Mongolia between 2008 and 2015

Background: There are no studies of death from neurological diseases found, however, neurological diseases were the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years in 2015 worldwide. Aim: The scientific aim of this study is to analyze the death characteristics of neurological diseases in Inner Mongolia occurring between 2008 and 2015. Methods: The data collected from Death Registry System (DRS) were categorized by gender, ethnicity, age, and death location. The subjects were divided into age groups for every 10 years from the age of 20. Mortality and gender: age-specific mortality was calculated for every 100,000 people from 2008 to 2015. Results: We found that Alzheimer’s disease has the highest proportion which equated to over one-fifth of all neurological diseases. Males displayed a higher mortality rate than females in all neurological diseases. The neurological diseases mortality showed a total potential year of life lost (PYLL) of about 20,151 years, and it was 2.03 times higher for male than that for female. The average potential years of life lost (APYLL) showed 17.72 years, and APYLL in males was 3.34 years longer than in females. More than 60% of the deaths resulting from the neurological disease occur at home for both males and females. Conclusion: Alzheimer disease is the most serious disease of all neurological diseases, however, cerebral palsy and epilepsy also displayed the highest loss of life for residents. Mortality of neurological diseases was generally higher in males than in females, and this increased with age.

Analysis of Cause of Death in Inner Mongolia of China, 2008-2014

Objective: The aim of our study was to analyze the character of cause of death in Inner Mongolia of China from 2008 to 2014. Methods: We collected data from monitoring points of the Death Registry System (DRS) in Inner Mongolia. We calculated the mortality rates by gender, year and age-specific. We calculated the proportion, the mortality rate and potential years of life lost (PYLL) of various system deaths. Results: During the period 2008-2014, the average crude mortality rate of all cause of death was 539.33/105. The mortality rate increased semilogarithm linearly with age. The top four system deaths were circulatory system, neoplasm, respiratory system and injury. In 2014, the mortality rates of circulatory system were increased and the mortality rates of certain infectious and parasitic diseases, neoplasms, respiratory system, genitourinary system and injury were decreased compared to those in 2008. Conclusion: Through analysis the indicators of proportion, the mortality rate and PYLL indicated that health status of a population in Inner Mongolia was at a better level.

Practice and New Direction of Promoting the Construction of Managing System of Modern Hospital

If we want to enhance the medical level of modern hospital,we not only need to make the career morality and professional capability of the medical staff,but also require the perfection of the governance institution of hospital in accordance with the development of society.That said,the medical staff will provide the patients with the best service,which is significant to the development of hospital.In addition,every hospital should conduct deepening reform of public hospital comprehensively to respond to call of the government.And the hospital should also put forward professional and comprehensive managing system based on the concrete conditions of the hospital.That is how the hospital can serve the people better.That said,this article focuses on how to promote the system of managing the modern hospital.

Magnetic phase transition and continuous spin switching in a high-entropy orthoferrite single crystal

Rare-earth orthoferrite REFeO_(3)(where RE is a rare-earth ion)is gaining interest.We created a high-entropy orthoferrite(Tm_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Y_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))FeO_(3)(HEOR)by doping five RE ions in equimolar ratios and grew the single crystal by optical floating zone method.It strongly tends to form a single-phase structure stabilized by high configurational entropy.In the low-temperature region(11.6‒14.4 K),the spin reorientation transition(SRT)ofΓ_(2)(F_(x),C_(y),G_(z))‒Γ_(24)‒Γ_(4)(G_(x),A_(y),F_(z))occurs.The weak ferromagnetic(FM)moment,which comes from the Fe sublattices distortion,rotates from the a-to c-axis.The two-step dynamic processes(Γ_(2)‒Γ_(24)‒Γ_(4))are identified by AC susceptibility measurements.SRT in HEOR can be tuned in the range of 50‒60000 Oe,which is an order of magnitude larger than that of orthoferrites in the peer system,making it a candidate for high-field spin sensing.Typical spin-switching(SSW)and continuous spin-switching(CSSW)effects occur under low magnetic fields due to the strong interactions between RE‒Fe sublattices.The CSSW effect is tunable between 20‒50 Oe,and hence,HEOR potentially can be applied to spin modulation devices.Furthermore,because of the strong anisotropy of magnetic entropy change()and refrigeration capacity(RC)based on its high configurational entropy,HEOR is expected to provide a novel approach for refrigeration by altering the orientations of the crystallographic axes(anisotropic configurational entropy).

Machine learning noise exposure detection of rail transit drivers using heart rate variability

Previous studies have found that drivers’physiological conditions can deteriorate under noise conditions,which poses a potential hazard when driving.As a result,it is crucial to identify the status of drivers when exposed to different noises.However,such explo-rations are rarely discussed with short-term physiological indicators,especially for rail transit drivers.In this study,an experiment involving 42 railway transit drivers was conducted with a driving simulator to assess the impact of noise on drivers’physiological responses.Considering the individuals’heterogeneity,this study introduced drivers’noise annoyance to measure their self-noise-adaption.The variances of drivers’heart rate variability(HRV)along with different noise adaptions are explored when exposed to different noise conditions.Several machine learning approaches(support vector machine,K-nearest neighbour and random forest)were then used to classify their physiological status under different noise conditions according to the HRV and drivers’self-noise adaptions.Results indicate that the volume of traffic noise negatively affects drivers’performance in their routines.Drivers with different noise adaptions but exposed to a fixed noise were found with discrepant HRV,demonstrating that noise adaption is highly associated with drivers’physiological status under noises.It is also found that noise adaption inclusion could raise the accuracy of classifications.Overall,the random forests classifier performed the best in identifying the physiological status when exposed to noise conditions for drivers with different noise adaptions.

丙交酯立体选择性聚合研究进展

聚乳酸是一类以可再生资源为原料的具有生物可降解性和生物相容性的热塑性材料,已被广泛应用于生物医学、制药和环境等领域.聚乳酸通常是由单体丙交酯开环聚合得到.丙交酯单体有三种旋光异构体,分别为左旋,右旋和内消旋.由于聚合物链段的立体构型对材料的热力学和力学性能起着决定性的作用,因此制备对丙交酯不同立体选择性的催化剂是一个重要的研究课题.目前在丙交酯开环聚合反应中具有良好立体选择性的单活性点金属配合物的设计和合成方面已经取得了显著的进展.本文基于本课题组的研究工作,讨论了金属配合物的金属中心种类、配体结构等对丙交酯立体选择性聚合的影响.

Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide Catalyzed by Bimetallic Salen-Type Titanium Complexes

Three kinds of bimetallic Schiff base titanium complexes with different substituent moieties on organic ligands were synthesized.Ring-opening polymerizations （ROP） of lactides were carried out by using these titanium complexes as catalysts.The polymerization data and kinetic studies showed that complex 1a had the highest activity and complex 2a had the lowest activity for ROP of lactides.Moreover,all these three newly synthesized bimetallic titanium complexes showed higher polymerization activity and better molecular weight control than their monometallic counterparts reported in our previous work.

Mechanistic insights to sorptive removal of four sulfonamide antibiotics from water using magnetite-functionalized biochar

Magnetite-functionalized biochar(MBC)is a promising engineered material for remediation of antibiotic-contaminated fields.However,sorption mechanisms of ionizable organic compounds such as sulfonamide antibiotics(SAs)on MBC are still unclear.This study employed four representative SAs including sulfamethazine(SMT),sulfamerazine(SMR),sulfadiazine(SDZ),and sulfamethoxazole(SMX),to compare the difference in sorption on MBC.Results showed that the sorption capacities and affinities of the four SAs varied with their substituents,hydrophobic properties,and dissociation constants(pKa).Synergistic effect during co-pyrolysis with Fe^(3+)enhanced the sorption performance of MBC towards SAs compared to original BC.Spectral methods confirmed structural changes of MBC such as the variance in oxygen-containing groups and defective/graphitized phases.Results of modeling pH-dependent sorption revealed that H-bonding orπ-bond assisted H-bonding determined the sorption affinities and capacities of SAs.In particular,the SAs with lower pKa were thermodynamically favorable to form H-bonding with MBC via proton exchange with water molecules.Quantum calculation results quantified the contributions of H-bonding strengths and found that the energies of H-bonding were correlated with affinities of SAs.Moreover,contributions of oxygencontaining groups instead of minerals dominated the H-bonding energies.Mechanistic insights from this study can be valuable in exploring engineered BC composites for practical application in field remediation.

Copolymer of lactide and ε-caprolactone catalyzed by bimetallic Schiff base aluminum complexes

A series of copolymers of lactide(LA) and e-caprolactone(ε-CL) with different monomer feed ratios were achieved using three kinds of bimetallic Schiff aluminum complexes as catalysts. The ratios of LA and ε-CL units in different copolymers and the average segments length were determined by NMR analysis. The comparative kinetic study of L-LA/ε-CL and rac-LA/ε-CL copolymerization systems showed that the polymerization rate of LA was faster than ε-CL, and L-LA showed polymerization rate slightly faster than rac-LA. It was inferred that the copolymers achieved by these complexes were gradient copolymers with gradual change in distribution of LA and e-CL units. The thermal properties of these copolymers were characterized by DSC analysis, which showed that the glass transition temperature(Tg) of these copolymers changed regularly according to the pro-portion change of two structural units.

Efficacy and safety of early anticoagulation after endovascular treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background The timing for initiating anticoagulant therapy in acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)patients with atrial fibrillation who recanalised after endovascular treatment(EVT)is unclear.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of early anticoagulation after successful recanalisation in AIS patients with atrial fibrillation.Methods Patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and atrial fibrillation who were successfully recanalised by EVT within 24 hours after stroke in the Registration Study for Critical Care of Acute Ischemic Stroke after Recanalization registry were analysed.Early anticoagulation was defined as the initiation of unfractionated heparin(UFH)or low-molecular-weight heparin(LMWH)within 72 hours after EVT.Ultra-early anticoagulation was defined if it was initiated within 24 hours.The primary efficacy outcome was the score on the modified Rankin Scale(mRS)at day 90,and the primary safety outcome was symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage within 90 days.Results Overall,257 patients were enrolled,of whom 141(54.9%)initiated anticoagulation within 72 hours after EVT,including 111 within 24 hours.A significant shift towards better mRS scores at day 90 was associated with early anticoagulation(adjusted common OR 2.08(95%CI 1.27 to 3.41)).Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage was comparable between patients treated with early and routine anticoagulation(adjusted OR 0.20(95%CI 0.02 to 2.18)).Comparison of different early anticoagulation regimens showed that ultra-early anticoagulation was more significantly associated with favourable functional outcomes(adjusted common OR 2.03(95%CI 1.20 to 3.44))and reduced the incidence of asymptomatic intracranial haemorrhage(OR 0.37(95%CI 0.14 to 0.94)).Conclusions In AIS patients with atrial fibrillation,early anticoagulation with UFH or LMWH after successful recanalisation is associated with favourable functional outcomes without increasing the risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhages.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of a point immersed in water and application to a single rising bubble

The ability to reconstruct an object submerged in water is instrumental in scenarios such as the study of a rising bubble trajectory, and subsequently, its motion and force balance. In this paper, we propose a method that can reconstruct the three-dimensional position of a scene point immersed in water, while taking into account the refraction-induced distortion at the air-water interface between the point and camera. The scene point is captured by two orthogonally placed high-speed cameras, providing a pair of images through which the point's image coordinates are obtained. With pre-calibrated camera matrices, the world coordinates of the point’s position can be correctly calculated using a triangulation method, provided the scene point is in air. However, because of refraction, triangulating the image pairs of the point submerged in water results in erroneous world coordinates. Thus, we propose a method to correct the point's image coordinates to account for refraction induced distortion during reconstruction. The method was first verified by reconstructing the coordinates of square corners on a checkerboard, which produced results that deviated from the real value by 0.18%, as opposed to the 5.15% false enlargement prior to correction. Then, we applied the method to the reconstruction of the three-dimensional trajectories of single rising spherical bubbles, whose results were in favorable agreement with previous studies.

Elevated degradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by activating peroxymonosulfate over GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)composites:Synergistic effects and mechanisms

Rational design of heterogeneous catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial in peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based oxidation treatment of wastewater.Herein,the graphite oxide-cobalt ferrite(GOCoFe_(2)O_(4))composite was constructed,and its morphological,component and structural characteristics were thoroughly examined,respectively.GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)obviously boosted PMS catalytic performance on di-n-butyl phthalate removal(DBP,RpBp=90%,Roc=37%),which indicated by the first-order kinetic constant(kpBp=0.060 min^(-1))being roughly 4 times than pure CoFe_(2)O_(4)(kpBp=0.015 min-1).The fabrication of GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)brought the favorable stability and repeatability up to six cycles.Moreover,the method of batch dosing catalyst was creatively proposed to improve the PMS utilization efficiency.The coupling of GO enhanced the dispersion of CoFe_(2)O_(4)particles to obtain sufficient active sites,additionally,the plentiful C=O groups and free-flowing electrons on GO promoted GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)to coordinate a redox process during PMS activation.With the aid of theoretical calculations,GO-CoFe_(2)O_(4)was revealed to exhibit a strong affinity toward PMS adsorption,where PMS spontaneously dissociated into sulfate radical(SO_(4)^(·-)),hydroxyl radical(^(·)OH)and singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2)),acting as the reactive oxygen species(ROSs).Electrons cycling between Co,Fe and O species ensured continuous ROSs generation and excellent catalytic performance.