Metal–Organic Gel Leading to Customized Magnetic‑Coupling Engineering in Carbon Aerogels for Excellent Radar Stealth and Thermal Insulation Performances

Metal–organic gel(MOG)derived composites are promising multi-functional materials due to their alterable composition,identifiable chemical homogeneity,tunable shape,and porous structure.Herein,stable metal–organic hydrogels are prepared by regulating the complexation effect,solution polarity and curing speed.Meanwhile,collagen peptide is used to facilitate the fabrication of a porous aerogel with excellent physical properties as well as the homogeneous dispersion of magnetic particles during calcination.Subsequently,two kinds of heterometallic magnetic coupling systems are obtained through the application of Kirkendall effect.FeCo/nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)aerogel demonstrates an ultra-strong microwave absorption of−85 dB at an ultra-low loading of 5%.After reducing the time taken by atom shifting,a FeCo/Fe3O4/NC aerogel containing virus-shaped particles is obtained,which achieves an ultra-broad absorption of 7.44 GHz at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.59 mm due to the coupling effect offered by dual-soft-magnetic particles.Furthermore,both aerogels show excellent thermal insulation property,and their outstanding radar stealth performances in J-20 aircraft are confirmed by computer simulation technology.The formation mechanism of MOG is also discussed along with the thermal insulation and electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism of the aerogels,which will enable the development and application of novel and lightweight stealth coatings.

Lactobacillus plantarum AR495 improves stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome in rats by targeting gut microbiota and Mast cell-PAR2-TRPV1 signaling pathway

Probiotics have great potential in regulating intestinal pain.In this study,the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum AR495 on the visceral sensitivity and gut microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)rats were studied.The results showed that tryptase released after mast cell activation and degranulation plays a key role in visceral pain,and L.plantarum AR495 reduced the stimulation of colonic mast cells and the expression of protease-activated receptor 2(PAR2)and TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglia.Research further showed that supplementation with L.plantarum AR495 increased the level of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and enhanced the barrier function of the colon.In addition,the microbiota analysis of the colon indicated that L.plantarum AR495 promoted the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and inhibited the proliferation of Lachnospiraceae,which alleviated the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota caused by IBS to a certain extent.In total,L.plantarum AR495 might reduce visceral sensitivity through the Mast cell-PAR2-TRPV1 signaling pathway by maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier.

Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 attenuates liver injury in D-galactose-induced aging mice via the inhibition of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress

Probiotics could effectively eliminate excess reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated during aging or lipid metabolism disorders,but their mechanism is unclear.The major purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarun AR113 alleviating oxidative stress injury in the D-galactose induced aging mice.The result showed that pretreatment with L.plantarun AR113 significantly relieving H_(2)O_(2)induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by maintain cell membrane integrity and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.In D-galactose induced aging mice,L.plantarun AR113 could significantly attenuate liver damage and inflammatory infiltration by promoting endogenous glutathione(GSH)synthesis and activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in mice,and increasing the expression of regulated phaseⅡdetoxification enzymes and antioxidant enzymes.Further analysis shown that gavage of L.plantarun AR113 could significantly reduce the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 78(GPR78)and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)proteins,and promote the restoration of endoplasmic reticulum(ER)homeostasis,thereby activating cell anti-apoptotic pathways.These results were also confirmed in H_(2)O_(2)-treated HepG2 experiments.It indicated that L.plantarun AR113 could inhibit D-galactose-induced liver injury through dual inhibition of ER stress and oxidative stress.L.plantarun AR113 have good application potential in anti-aging and alleviating metabolic disorders.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR113 alleviates microbiota dysbiosis of tongue coating and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.However,information on stroke-related tongue coating microbiome(TCM)is limited,and whether TCM modulation could benefit for stroke prevention and rehabilitation is unknown.Here,TCM from stroke patients(SP)was characterized using molecular techniques.The occurrence of stroke resulted in TCM dysbiosis with significantly reduced species richness and diversity.The abundance of Prevotella,Leptotrichia,Actinomyces,Alloprevotella,Haemophilus,and TM7_[G-1]were greatly reduced,but common infection Streptococcus and Pseudomonas were remarkably increased.Furthermore,an antioxidative probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AR113 was used for TCM intervention in stroke rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R).AR113 partly restored I/R induced change of TCM and gut microbiota with significantly improved neurological deficit,relieved histopathologic change,increased activities of antioxidant enzymes,and decreased contents of oxidative stress biomarkers.Moreover,the gene expression of antioxidant-related proteins and apoptosis-related factors heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1),and Bcl-2 was significantly increased,but cytochrome C,cleaved caspase-3,and Bax were markedly decreased in the brain by AR113 treatment.The results suggested that AR113 could ameliorate cerebral I/R injury through antioxidation and anti-apoptosis pathways,and AR113 intervention of TCM may have the application potential for stroke prevention and control.

Extracellular vesicles from iPSC-MSCs alleviate chemotherapy-induced mouse ovarian damage via the ILK-PI3K/AKT pathway

Chemotherapy can significantly reduce follicle counts in ovarian tissues and damage ovarian stroma,causing endocrine disorder,reproductive dysfunction,and primary ovarian insufficiency(POI).Recent studies have suggested that extracellular vesicles(EVs)secreted from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)exert therapeutic effects in various degenerative diseases.In this study,transplantation of EVs from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs(iPSC-MSC-EVs)resulted in significant restoration of ovarian follicle numbers,improved granulosa cell proliferation,and inhibition of apoptosis in chemotherapy-damaged granulosa cells,cultured ovaries,and in vivo ovaries in mice.Mechanistically,treatment with i PSC-MSC-EVs resulted in up-regulation of the integrinlinked kinase(ILK)-PI3K/AKT pathway,which is suppressed during chemotherapy,most likely through the transfer of regulatory microRNAs(miRNAs)targeting ILK pathway genes.This work provides a framework for the development of advanced therapeutics to ameliorate ovarian damage and POI in female chemotherapy patients.

Precision measurement and suppression of low-frequency noise in a current source with double-resonance alignment magnetometers

Low-noise high-stability current sources have essential applications such as neutron electric dipole moment measurement and high-stability magnetometers. Previous studies mainly focused on frequency noise above 0.1 Hz while less on the low-frequency noise/drift. We use double resonance alignment magnetometers(DRAMs) to measure and suppress the low-frequency noise of a homemade current source(CS) board. The CS board noise level is suppressed by about 10 times in the range of 0.001-0.1 Hz and is reduced to 100 n A/√Hz at 0.001 Hz. The relative stability of CS board can reach2.2 × 10^(-8). In addition, the DRAM shows a better resolution and accuracy than a commercial 7.5-digit multimeter when measuring our homemade CS board. Further, by combining the DRAM with a double resonance orientation magnetometer,we may realize a low-noise CS in the 0.001-1000 Hz range.

The protective effect of oleic acid on Lactiplantibacillus plantarum during freeze-drying

Membrane characteristics are determined by the fatty acids composition,which affects survival rates after freeze-drying.However,it is unknown which composition provides the greatest effect.In this study,we found that the addition of Tween 80 and Tween 20 significantly increased survival rates of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,which reached a maximum of 93.1%.Conversely,Tween 60 caused a significant decrease.We further found that the difference between the effects of adding Tween 80 and Tween 60 was the change in oleic acid contents.To verify the role of oleic acid,we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock-out the key synthesis gene cla-er.The survival rates of L.plantarum AR113Δcla-er declined to 5.48%.The addition of oleic acid restored the rates to those of wild type strains.Moreover,the membrane integrity and fl uidity of knockout strains markedly decreased.This is the fi rst confi rmation that Tween 80 or Tween 20 increases the survival rate by increasing the content of oleic acid in the cell membrane.These fi ndings also indicated that oleic acid in cell membranes has a substantial protective effect on L.plantarum during freeze-drying.

沉默circXPO1抑制肝癌细胞恶性生物学行为

目的探讨circXPO1对肝癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响及分子机制。方法RT-qPCR检测肝癌组织及癌旁组织中circXPO1和miR-195-5p的表达水平,并分析circXPO1表达水平与肝癌患者临床病理特征的相关性;将肝癌HCC9204细胞分别转染si-circXPO1、si-NC、miR-195-5p mimic、miR-NC、si-circXPO1和miR-195-5p Inhibitor、si-circXPO1和anti-miR-NC后,MTT法和克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,划痕实验检测细胞划痕愈合率,双荧光素酶报告实验检测circXPO1和miR-195-5p的靶向关系。构建裸鼠移植瘤模型,验证circXPO1对肝癌HCC9204细胞体内生长的影响。两组间比较采用配对样本t检验或独立样本t检验。结果与癌旁组织比较,肝癌组织中circXPO1呈高表达(2.14±0.30比0.87±0.13),miR-195-5p呈低表达(0.46±0.08比1.12±0.17),且circXPO1表达水平与肝癌的肿瘤大小、TNM分期和淋巴结转移有关(P均<0.05)。与si-NC或miR-NC比较,si-circXPO1和miR-195-5p mimic中HCC9204细胞增殖抑制率[(56.63±2.13)%比(0.00±0.00)%、(42.93±1.52)%比(0.00±0.00)%]、凋亡率[(23.91±1.21)%比(7.44±0.74)%、(20.02±0.84)%比(7.40±0.55)%]升高,划痕愈合率[(24.02±1.55)%比(65.54±2.53)%、(34.95±1.69)%比(65.66±2.68)%]和克隆形成数[(53.67±2.16)比(122.11±5.74)个、(72.44±3.69)比(120.56±8.00)个]、侵袭细胞数[(30.92±5.01)比(83.06±7.54)个、(32.05±4.66)比(85.43±8.17)个]及裸鼠移植瘤体积与质量降低(P均<0.05)。circXPO1靶向调控miR-195-5p(0.45±0.05比1.03±0.13,P<0.05);与si-circXPO1+anti-miR-NC比较,si-circXPO1+miR-195-5p Inhibitor中细胞增殖抑制率[(15.22±1.32)%比(56.37±2.32)%]、凋亡率[(11.96±0.80)%比(23.81±1.35)%]降低,划痕愈合率[(48.92±3.15)%比(23.83±1.55)%]、克隆形成数[(108.56±3.86)比(54.44±2.50)个]和侵袭细胞数[(77.08±7.95)比(29.65±3.42)个]及裸鼠移植瘤体积与质量升高(P均<0.05)。结论沉默circXPO1可通过上调miR-195-5p抑制肝癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,促进凋亡。

Diterpenoid UDP-Glycosyltransferases from Chinese Sweet Tea and Ashitaba Complete the Biosynthesis of Rubusoside

Dear Editor,Diterpenoids are important molecules that play significant roles in many biological processes. In plants, acyclic diterpene phytol is a representative side chain of chlorophyll, and tetracyclic diterpene gibberellins ubiquitously serve as plant hormones regulating growth and development. Decoration of diterpene core struc-tures by oxidation and glycosylation are usually key steps to confer final bioactivity of diterpenoid compounds. In contrast to the extensively studied oxidases involved in gibberellin biosyn- thesis, diterpenoid-related glycosyltransferases have been scarcely documented, possibly due to the relative rarity of diter- pene glycosides in the plant kingdom. Only a few UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases （UGTs） have been characterized to participate in diterpene glycoside biosynthesis （Richman et al., 2005; Nagatoshi et al., 2012）.