抗IgLON5抗体脑炎1例报告

目的:分析抗IgLON5抗体相关脑炎的临床特征、发病机制、诊断及治疗,以提高临床医师对该疾病的认识。方法:收集1例抗IgLON5抗体相关脑炎患者的临床表现、影像学、免疫抗体、基因检测结果等资料,结合文献进行复习。结果:患者男性,61岁,主要临床表现为认知障碍、睡眠障碍、球麻痹和癫痫,脑脊液抗IgLON5抗体IgG阳性(1:100),血清抗IgLON5抗体IgG阳性(1:300),基因检测HLA单倍型HLA-DQB1*05:01-DRB1*10:01。入院后予激素冲击治疗、丙戊酸抗癫痫,症状明显改善。结论:本文报道1例以认知障碍、睡眠障碍、球麻痹和癫痫为主要表现抗IgLON5抗体相关脑炎,对激素治疗有反应。

Investigation of Surface-inset Machines with Mixed Grade Magnets Considering Magnet Thickness

This paper presents a mixed grade magnet model for surface-inset machines considering the magnet thickness. In the polar coordinates, on the basis of the Laplace/quasi-Poisson equations and boundary conditions, the constructed matrix equations are solved and the air gap magnetic field in the machine is derived. Taking an 8-pole/12-slot surface-inset motor as an example, through the presented optimization process, the air gap field is optimized considering the magnet thickness, remanence and magnetization angle. In addition, the back-EMF and electromagnetic torque are analytically obtained. The optimized results show that the proposed mixed grade magnet model has larger electromagnetic torque and smaller torque ripple than the conventional one. Finally, the analytical predictions are evaluated by finite element analysis(FEA).

Locomotion control of a rigid-soft coupled snake robot in multiple environments

The versatile motion capability of snake robots offers themselves robust adaptability in varieties of challenging environments where traditional robots may be incapacitated.This study reports a novel flexible snake robot featuring a rigid-flexible coupling structure and multiple motion gaits.To better understand the robot's behavior,a bending model for the soft actuator is established.Furthermore,a dynamic model is developed to map the relationship between the input air pressure and joint torque,which is the model base for controlling the robot effectively.Based on the wave motion generated by the joint coupling direction function in different planes,multiple motion gait planning methods of the snake-like robot are proposed.In order to evaluate the adaptability and maneuverability of the developed snake robot,extensive experiments were conducted in complex environments.The results demonstrate the robot's effectiveness in navigating through intricate settings,underscoring its potential for applications in various fields.

Targeting integrin pathways:mechanisms and advances in therapy

Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix(ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases.Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms,including protein-protein interactions,conformational changes,and trafficking.Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade,integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years,but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics,targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge.To date,only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed,including abciximab,eptifibatide,tirofiban,natalizumab,vedolizumab,lifitegrast,and carotegrast.Currently,there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies,including small molecules,antibodies,synthetic mimic peptides,antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs),chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy,imaging agents,etc.A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs.Herein,we provide a systematic and complete review of all integrin family members and integrin-mediated downstream signal transduction to highlight ongoing efforts to develop new therapies/diagnoses from bench to clinic.In addition,we further discuss the trend of drug development,how to improve the success rate of clinical trials targeting integrin therapies,and the key points for clinical research,basic research,and translational research.

Ag@Au core/shell triangular nanoplates with dual enzyme-like properties for the colorimetric sensing of glucose

Due to the serious harm of diabetes to human health,development of sensitive assays for glucose level is of high significance for early prevention and treatment of diabetes.Currently,most conventional enzyme-based glucose sensors suffer from high cost and low stability due to the inherent defects of natural enzymes.Herein,we develop a pure nanozyme-based glucose detection method using Ag@Au core/shell triangular nanoplates(TNPs),which combines glucose oxidase(GOD)-and horseradish peroxidase(HRP)-like activities of the Au shell and inherent plasmonic properties of Ag TNPs.The sensing mechanism is based on the fact that the Au shell possessed GOD-like activity,enabling the oxidation of glucose to produce H2O2,which can further etch the silver core,leading to the decrease of absorbance at 800 nm and the color change from blue to colorless.Compared with the previous nanozymes-based glucose sensors,our method avoids the use of enzymes and organic chromogenic agent.Moreover,the stability of the Ag@Au core/shell TNPs is much better than that of Ag TNPs due to the protection by the coating of the Au shell.This method was successfully applied to the detection of urine samples from patients with diabetes,indicating its practical applicability for real sample analysis.

Highly sensitive colorimetric detection of NH3 based on Au@Ag@AgCl core-shell nanoparticles

Abstract:As an important component of the atmosphere,ammonia(NH_(3))plays a very important role in maintaining the balance of environment.However,it is also one of the most toxic gases that can cause damage to the human respiratory system and mucous membranes even at low concentrations.As such,development of highly sensitive and selective NH_(3)sensors is of high significance for environmental monitoring and health maintenance.Herein,we have synthesized Au@Ag@Ag Cl core-shell nanoparticles(NPs)by oxidative etching and precipitating Au@Ag core-shell NPs using FeCl3 and further used them as optical probes for the colorimetric detection of NH_(3).The sensing mechanism is based on the fact that the etching of NH_(3)on AgCl and Ag shell leads to the variations of ingredients and core-to-shell ratio of the Au@Ag@AgCl NPs,thereby inducing noticeable spectral and color changes.By replacing the outmost layer of Ag with AgCl,not only is the stability of the sensor against oxygen significantly enhanced,but also is the sensitivity of the method improved.The method exhibits good linear relationship for the detection of NH_(3)from 0 to 5000 mmol/L with the limit of detection of 6.4 mmol/L.This method was successfully applied to the detection of simulated air polluted by NH_(3),indicating its practical applicability for environmental monitoring.This method shows great potential for on-site NH_(3)detection particularly in remote area,where a simple,fast,low-cost,and easy-to-handle method is highly desirable.