Thermal runaway evolution of a 280 Ah lithium-ion battery with LiFePO_(4) as the cathode for different heat transfer modes constructed by mechanical abuse

Lithium iron phosphate batteries have been increasingly utilized in recent years because their higher safety performance can improve the increasing trend of recurring thermal runaway accidents.However,the safety performance and mechanism of high-capacity lithium iron phosphate batteries under internal short-circuit challenges remain to be explored.This work analyzes the thermal runaway evolution of high-capacity LiFePO_(4) batteries under different internal heat transfer modes,which are controlled by different penetration modes.Two penetration cases involving complete penetration and incomplete penetration were detected during the test,and two modes were performed incorporating nails that either remained or were removed after penetration to comprehensively reveal the thermal runaway mechanism.A theoretical model of microcircuits and internal heat conduction is also established.The results indicated three thermal runaway evolution processes for high-capacity batteries,which corresponded to the experimental results of thermal equilibrium,single thermal runaway,and two thermal runaway events.The difference in heat distribution in the three phenomena is determined based on the microstructure and material structure near the pinhole.By controlling the heat dissipation conditions,the time interval between two thermal runaway events can be delayed from 558 to 1417 s,accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of in-situ gas production during the second thermal runaway event.

In situ reconstruction induced oxygen-deficient multiphase Cu based species hybridized with Ni single atoms as tandem platform for CO_(2) electroreduction

Tandem catalysis,capable of decoupling individual steps,provides a feasible way to build a high-efficiency CO_(2) electro-conversion system for multicarbons(C_(2+)).The construction of electrocatalytic materials is one of focusing issues.Herein,we fabricated a single atom involved multivalent oxide-derived Cu composite material and found it inclined to reconstruct into oxygen-deficient multiphase Cu based species hybridized with monatomic Ni on N doped C matrix.In this prototype,rapid CO generation and C-C coupling are successively achieved on NiN4 sites and surface amorphized Cu species with defects,resembling a micro-production line.In this way,the in situ formed tandem catalyst exhibited a high Faradaic efficiency(FE)of~78%for C_(2+)products along with satisfactory durability over 50 h.Particularly,the reconstruction-induced amorphous layer with abundant asymmetric sites should be favorable to improve the ethanol selectivity(FE:63%),which is about 10 times higher than that of the non-tandem Cu-based contrast material.This work offers a new approach for manipulating tandem catalyst systems towards enhancing C_(2+)products.

AMPK activation by peri-sciatic nerve administration of ozone attenuates CCl-induced neuropathic pain in rats

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating clinical condition with few efficacious treatments, warranting development of novel therapeu- tics. Ozone is widely used as an alternative therapy for many different pain conditions, with exact mechanisms still elusive. In this study, we found that a single peri-sciatic nerve injection of ozone decreased mechanical aUodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and normalized the phosphorylation of protein kinase C y, N-methyI-D-aspartate receptor, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in a chronic constriction injury （CCI） model in rat sciatic nerve. Meanwhile, ozone significantly suppressed CCI-induced activation of spinal microgUa. More importantly, the anti-nociceptive effect of ozone depended on the activation of 5＇-adenosine monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK）, which was proved by the fact that the phosphorylated AMPK level increased during the ozone therapy and AMPK antagonist abolished the effect of ozone in vivo and in vitro. In addition, direct injection of AMPK agonist could replicate the anti-nociceptive effect of ozone in CCI rats. In conclusion, our observations indicate that peri-sciatic nerve injection of ozone activates AMPK to attenuate CCI-induced neuropathic pain.

Aromatic compounds-mediated synthesis of anatase-free hierarchical TS-1 zeolite:Exploring design strategies via machine learning and enhanced catalytic performance

Simultaneous achievement of constructing mesopores and eliminating anatase is a long-term pursuit for enhancing the catalytic performance of TS-1.Here,we developed an aromatic compounds-mediated synthesis method to prepare anatase-free and hierarchical TS-1 for olefin epoxidation.A series of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites were prepared by introducing aromatic compounds containing different functional groups via the crystallization process.The formation of intercrystalline mesopores and insertion of titanium into framework were facilitated at different extent.The synergistic coordination of carboxyl and hydroxyl in aromatic compounds with Ti(OH)4 realizes the uniform distribution of titanium species and eliminates the generation of anatase.Noteworthily,eight machine learning models were trained to reveal the mechanism of additive functional groups and preparation conditions on anatase formation and microstructure optimization.The prediction accuracy of most models can reach more than 80%.Benefiting from the larger mesopore volumes(0.37 cm3⋅g−1)and higher content of framework Ti species,TS-DHBDC-48h samples exhibit a higher catalytic performance than other zeolites,giving 1-hexene conversion of 49.3%and 1,2-epoxyhenane selectivity of 99.9%.The paper provides a facile aromatic compounds-mediated synthesis strategy and promotes the application of machine learning toward the design and optimization of new zeolites.

Preparation and optical absorption of InAs nanocrystal-embedded thin films

InAs-SiO2 nanocrystal-embedded films were prepared by using radio-frequency cosputtering. The growth behavior of InAs in the composite film has been studied by a transmission electron microscope. It has been found that with the increasing substrate temperature, InAs in the matrix undergoes transitions from an initial dispersed phase to a fractal structure of the InAs phase, then to nucleation, and finally to grain growth. Large blueshift of the optical absorption edges of the films was observed from the optical absorption spectra. The relationship between the blueshift of optical absorption edge and the average size of the nanocrystals has been explained by the effective-mass approximation.

Investigation on interfacial and electrical properties of Ge MOS capacitor with different NH_3-plasma treatment procedure

The effects of different NH3-plasma treatment procedures on interracial and electrical properties of Ge MOS capacitors with stacked gate dielectric of HtTiON/TaON were investigated. The NH3-plasma treatment was performed at different steps during fabrication of the stacked gate dielectric, i.e. before or after interlayer （TaON） deposition, or after deposition ofhigh-k dielectric （HfriON）. It was found that the excellent interface quality with an interface-state density of 4.79 × 101l eV-lcm-2 and low gate leakage current （3.43 ×10-5 A/cm2 at Vg = 1 V） could be achieved for the sample with NH3-plasma treatment directly on the Ge surface before TaON deposition. The involved mechanisms are attributed to the fact that the NH3-plasma can directly react with the Ge surface to form more Ge-N bonds, i.e. more GeOxNy, which effectively blocks the inter-diffusion of elements and suppresses the formation of unstable GeOx interfacial layer, and also passivates oxygen vacancies and dangling bonds near/at the interface due to more N incorporation and decomposed H atoms from the NH3-plasma.

The metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate inhibits non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression by targeting lipid metabolism

Background:Non-alcoholic liver disease is of increased concern and contributing to economic burdens not only in developing countries but in developed countries as well.Identifying the biomarker of early diagnosis and early intervention approaches for non-alcoholic liver disease is unmet and required further investigation.Although the alpha-ketoglutarate(a-KG)is recently proposed to be a potential biomarker in differentiating patients with obesity from those with non-alcoholic liver disease,how a-ketoglutatate is involved in the fatty liver progression is not clear.Methods:A high-fat diet(HFD)feeding animal model,liver functional assays,and molecular approaches were adopted to clarify the impact of a-KG in fatty liver progression.Results:In the current study,it was found that dietary a-KG would inhibit weight gain in male and female mice fed with a normal chew or HFD.HFD feeding caused fatty liver in male mice,but a-KG treatment could substantially inhibit hepatic steatosis progression.Biochemical studies revealed the possible linkage of a-KG protective functions to lipid metabolism.Further analysis identified the important role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in beneficial a-KG-mediated effects on fatty liver progression.Conclusions:The current study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of a-KG and how it may be used,via dietary supplementation,as a preventive intervention for non-alcoholic liver disease in obese patients.

Prevalence and Clinical Implication of t(11;14)in Light-Chain Amyloidosis with or without Coexistent Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Proteasome Inhibitors

Background Light-chain amyloidosis(AL)and multiple myeloma(MM)may coexist in some patients and,although they share some cytogenetic abnormalities,they usually present with different clinical phenotypes.Translocation(11;14)is the most common cytogenetic abnormality in AL,but the prevalence and clinical implication of t(11;14)in patients with AL,with or without coexistent MM,remains unclear.Methods A total of 119 consecutive newly diagnosed AL patients with available fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)data were retrospectively included and classified as primary AL alone(pAL-alone)or AL with coexistent MM(AL-MM).Clinical characteristics,FISH profiles,and hematologic and survival outcomes were analyzed.Results There were 53 patients in the pAL-alone group and 66 in the AL-MM group.The prevalence of t(11;14)was significantly higher in the pAL-alone group than the AL-MM group(49.1%vs.26.2%,P=0.012).A significantly higher proportion of the pAL-alone group achieved hematologic response compared with the AL-MM group(60.4%vs.39.4%,P=0.023).Patients with AL-MM experienced significantly shorter hematologic event-free survival(hemEFS)than those with pAL-alone(median,4.8 months vs.44.3 months,P<0.001),as well as significantly shorter overall survival(OS;median,15.2 months vs.not reached,P<0.001).When stratified by the presence or absence of coexistent MM and t(11;14),AL-MM patients with t(11;14)had the worst hemEFS(median,3.8 months,P<0.001)and OS(median,5.4 months,P=0.001).Conclusions Patients with pAL-alone had a higher prevalence of t(11;14)than those with AL-MM.The AL-MM group had poorer outcomes,despite the availability of proteasome inhibitor treatment,with AL-MM patients with t(11;14)showing the worst outcomes.Better diagnostic and treatment approaches are warranted for this population.