Recent Advances in Space-Deployable Structures in China

Deployable space structure technology is an approach used in building spacecraft,especially when realizing deployment and folding functions.Once in orbit,the structures are released from the fairing,deployed,and positioned.With the development of communication,remote-sensing,and navigation satellites,space-deployable structures have become cutting-edge research topics in space science and technology.This paper summarizes the current research status and development trend of spacedeployable structures in China,including large space mesh antennas,space solar arrays,and deployable structures and mechanisms for deep-space exploration.Critical technologies of space-deployable structures are addressed from the perspectives of deployable mechanisms,cable-membrane form-finding,dynamic analysis,reliable environmental adaptability analysis,and validation.Finally,future technology developments and trends are elucidated in the fields of mesh antennas,solar arrays,deployable mechanisms,and on-orbit adjustment,assembly,and construction.

钠离子电池工程化——机遇与挑战

当前,在应对全球能源枯竭与环境恶化之际,可持续且环境友好的可再生能源正迎来重要的发展机遇。以二次电池为代表的电化学储能技术(EES),可实现绿色新能源安全且经济有效的存储和转化,被视为平抑可再生能源间歇性并实现稳定并网输入的最佳解决方案。钠离子电池(SIB),受益于钠资源的丰富性及低成本,是下一代大规模电化学存储系统最具应用前景的选择之一。本文详细讨论了锂离子电池(LIB)和钠离子电池在不同应用场景下的主要区别,并描述了当前对钠离子电池的理解。通过比较锂离子电池、铅酸电池(LAB)和钠离子电池之间的技术发展情况,进一步揭示钠离子电池的优势。本文以基于钠离子电池技术所取得的商业化成就为文章亮点,重点介绍了五家钠离子电池企业和相应的钠离子电池产品,以及各自的钠离子电池化学与技术。最后,讨论了下一代钠离子电池商业化的前景与挑战。

Reconstruction characteristics of gut microbiota from patients with type 1 diabetes affect the phenotypic reproducibility of glucose metabolism in mice

The human microbiota-associated(HMA)mice model,especially the germ-free(GF)-humanized mice,has been widely used to probe the causal relationships between gut microbiota and human diseases such as type 1 diabetes(T1D).However,most studies have not clarified the extent to which the reconstruction of the human donor microbiota in recipient mice correlates with corresponding phenotypic reproducibility.In this study,we transplanted fecal microbiota from five patients with T1D and four healthy people into GF mice,and microbiota from each donor were transplanted into 10 mice.Mice with similar microbiota structure to the donor exhibited better phenotypic reproducibility.The characteristics of the microbial community assembly of donors also influenced the phenotypic reproducibility in mice,and individuals with a higher proportion of stochastic processes showed more severe disorders.Microbes enriched in patients with T1D had a stronger colonization potential in mice with impaired glucose metabolism,and microbiota functional features related to T1D were better reproduced in these mice.This indicates that assembly traits and colonization efficacy of microbiota influence phenotypic reproducibility in GF-humanized mice.Our findings provide important insights for using HMA mice models to explore links between gut microbiota and human diseases.

Rice stripe mosaic virus hijacks rice heading‐related gene to promote the overwintering of its insect vector

Rice stripe mosaic virus(RSMV)is an emerging pathogen which significantly reduces rice yields in the southern region of China.It is transmitted by the leafhopper Recilia dorsalis,which overwinters in rice fields.Our field investigations revealed that RSMV infection causes delayed rice heading,resulting in a large number of green diseased plants remaining in winter rice fields.This creates a favorable environment for leafhoppers and viruses to overwinter,potentially contributing to the rapid spread and epidemic of the disease.Next,we explored the mechanism by which RSMV manipulates the developmental processes of the rice plant.A rice heading‐related E3 ubiquitin ligase,Heading date Associated Factor 1(HAF1),was found to be hijacked by the RSMV‐encoded P6.The impairment of HAF1 function affects the ubiquitination and degradation of downstream proteins,HEADING DATE 1 and EARLY FLOWERING3,leading to a delay in rice heading.Our results provide new insights into the development regulation‐based molecular interactions between virus and plant,and highlights the importance of understanding virus‐vector‐plant tripartite interactions for effective disease management strategies.

声誉与收益共同作用对共享经济中信任演化的影响

针对由可信任提供者、不可信任提供者、可信任消费者和不可信任消费者四类主体构成的共享经济信任模型,本文首先在具有周期性边界的方格子网络模型中,引入自适应声誉机制,构造了一种新的基于第三方声誉评价的共享经济信任博弈模型以促进群体内信任行为的演化,然后通过仿真实验,演示了5种不同场景下、不同比例和类型的提供者和消费者,在声誉机制与收益的共同作用下,共享经济信任行为演化的过程,实验结果表明:声誉与收益共同影响各主体的决策模仿行为,最终促进可信任主体的数量增加。

Integrative analysis of tumor stemness and immune microenvironment deciphers novel molecular subtypes in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a highly heterogeneous tumor,with dynamic equilibrium and complex interplay between its intricate tumor nature and ambient tumor immune microenvironment(TIME).1 Elegant research has indicated that cancer stem cells,a small subset of neoplastic cells confined within dedicated niches,display stem cell-like properties and interact with cells in TIME,thereby imparting an indelible impact on stemness regulation,tumor heterogeneity,and cancer cell plasticity.2 Previous taxonomies solely from the perspective of stemness or TIME may introduce some degree of bias in the comprehension of HCC carcinogenesis,3,4 and thus it is of paramount importance to systematically consider tumor stemness and TIME as a whole to truly portray the biological landscape of HCC.

Reworking of the Juvenile Crust in the Late Mesozoic in North Qinling,Central China

The Qinling Orogen resulted from the collision between the North and South China blocks in the Triassic.Mesozoic granitoids,ranging from the Triassic to the Cretaceous,are widely distributed in this orogen,and they provide excellent clues for understanding the crustal evolution and geodynamic evolution of the orogenic belt.The Triassic belt is mostly located in the South Qinling,whereas the Cretaceous belt is located mostly in the North Qinling.The Taibai complex pluton is located at the conjunction of the two belts.Here we present a data set comprising zircon U-Pb dating and elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry for Late Mesozoic granite and microgranular enclaves(MME)exposed in the Taibai complex pluton.The granite and MME yield concordant U-Pb zircon ages of 124 to 118 Ma,indicating that they were products of roughly simultaneous magmatism in the Late Mesozoic.The granite rocks are high-K,calc-alkaline,and weakly peraluminous in compositions,and they are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements(e.g.,Rb,Ba),depletion in high field strength elements(e.g.,Nb,Ta,Zr,Ti),and variable Sr/Y ratios of 7.64 to 63.6.Low MgO,Cr,and Ni contents imply that the magma(s)were essentially crust-derived.Both the granite and the MME show relative depletion in Sr-Nd isotopic composition(initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr of 0.7044 to 0.7067,initialε_(Nd) values of-3.4 to-2.6),suggesting that the magma(s)originated from juvenile crustal rocks.These Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics are significantly different from those of other Late Mesozoic granitoids exposed elsewhere in the Qinling orogenic belt,which formed from much older and enriched sources and with negligible contributions from mantle or juvenile crust.We propose a reworking event of the juvenile crust during the Late Mesozoic that was triggered by the tectonic extension and subsequent asthenospheric upwelling that occurred in eastern China.

A pH-responsive biomimetic drug delivery nanosystem for targeted chemo-photothermal therapy of tumors

Smart drug delivery nanosystem is significant for tumor treatments due to its possibility of temporally,spatially,and dose-controlled release.However,the therapeutic efficacy of drug delivery nanosystem is often compromised in cancer treatment as the enrichment of therapeutic agents in the reticuloendothelial system.Herein,doxorubicin(DOX)loaded biomimetic drug delivery nanosystem with macrophage cell membrane(MCM)camouflaged,MnFe_(2)O_(4)-DOX-MCM nanocube(NC),is developed for cancer treatment with tumor targeting,pH-stimuli drug release,and chemo-photothermal therapeutic effects.The nanosystem shows the capability of immune escape and enhanced cellular uptake of cancer cells due to the MCM decoration.Acid-labile bond between the MnFe2O4 NCs and DOX remains stable at physiological condition and release drugs immediately in response to the endo-/lysosome pH stimuli.Meanwhile,the photothermal effect of the nanosystem destroys tumor tissue,which further promotes chemotherapeutic efficacy.In vivo results demonstrate the tumor homing ability and produce a notable synergistic therapeutic effect of the NCs.Thus,biomimetic pH-responsive drug delivery nanosystem,MnFe_(2)O_(4)-DOX-MCM NCs,is an effective nanoplatform,which might be potential application for cancer synergistic treatment.

Monodisperse Fe3O4 spheres: Large-scale controlled synthesis in the absence of surfactants and chemical kinetic process

Fe3 O4 has attracted tremendous interest in vast areas of biomedicine and catalysis as well as environment engineering.However,it is highly desired to fully understand the chemical kinetic process and propose a general,surfactantfree,large-scale synthesis approach for Fe3 O4 spheres.Herein,we developed a facile scalable solvothermal method in the absence of surfactants to produce Fe3 O4 spheres with the yield of 5.1 g,which present tunable sizes from 107 to 450 nm by modulated molar ratio of Fe3+/COO-in the solution.Particularly,it is observed that the reactants undergo a redox process,composed of a precipitation-dissolution equilibrium combined with a coordination reaction(termed as RPC),to the final product based on the LaMer model.It is worth noting that the generation of di-carboxyl group and its coordination with iron cations determine the formation of Fe3 O4 spheres.This work not only offers a strategy to precisely tailor the particle size in scalable synthesis process,but also gives the insight on the role of dihydric alcohol in the formation mechanism of Fe3 O4 spheres in the absence of surfactants.

Ultrathin salt-free polymer-in-ceramic electrolyte for solid-state sodium batteries

The practical energy density of solid-state batteries remains limited,partly because of the lack of a general method to fabricate thin membranes for solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and low area-specific resistance(ASR).Herein,we use an ultrahigh concentration of a ceramic ion conductor(Na_(3)SbS_(4))to build an ionconduction“highway”,and a polymer(polyethylene oxide,2 wt%)as a flexible host to prepare a polymer-inceramic ion-conducting membrane of approximately 40μm.Without the use of any salt(e.g.,NaPF_(6)),the resulting membrane exhibits a threefold increase in electronic ASR and a twofold decrease in ionic ASR compared with a pure ceramic counterpart.The activation energy for sodium-ion transport is only 190 meV in the membrane,similar to that in pure ceramic,suggesting ion transport predominantly occurs through a percolated network of ion-conducting ceramic particles.The salt-free design also provides an opportunity to suppress dendritic metal electrodeposits,according to a recently refined chemomechanical model of metal deposition.Our work suggests that salt is not always necessary in composite solid-state electrolytes,which broadens the choice of polymers to allow the optimization of other desired attributes,such as mechanical strength,chemical/electrochemical stability,and cost.

Comparison of gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorders and neurotypical boys in China:A case-control study

Background:Autism spectrum disorders(ASDs)are a set of complex neurobiological disorders.Growing evidence has shown that the microbiota that resides in the gut can modulate brain development via the gut–brain axis.However,direct clinical evidence of the role of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in ASD is relatively limited.Methods:A case-control study of 71 boys with ASD and 18 neurotypical controls was conducted at China-Japan Friendship Hospital.Demographic information and fecal samples were collected,and the gut microbiome was evaluated and compared by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing.Results:A higher abundance of operational taxonomic units(OTUs)based on fecal bacterial profiling was observed in the ASD group.Significantly different microbiome profiles were observed between the two groups.At the genus level,we observed a decrease in the relative abundance of Escherichia,Shigella,Veillonella,Akkermansia,Provindencia,Dialister,Bifidobacterium,Streptococcus,Ruminococcaceae UCG_002,Megasphaera,Eubacterium_coprostanol,Citrobacter,Ruminiclostridium_5,and Ruminiclostridium_6 in the ASD cohort,while Eisenbergiella,Klebsiella,Faecalibacterium,and Blautia were significantly increased.Ten bacterial strains were selected for clinical discrimination between those with ASD and the neurotypical controls.The highest AUC value of the model was 0.947.Conclusion:Significant differences were observed in the composition of the gut microbiome between boys with ASD and neurotypical controls.These findings contribute to the knowledge of the alteration of the gut microbiome in ASD patients,which opens the possibility for early identification of this disease.

Temperature and Tumor Microenvironment Dual Responsive Mesoporous Magnetic Nanospheres for Magnetothermal Effect-Induced Cancer Theranostics

The development of smart drug delivery systems(SDDSs)based on engineered nanomaterials is important for clinical applications.Nevertheless,controllable administration of chemotherapeutic drugs for deep tumors and the avoidance of side effects caused by off-targeting during delivery remain a great challenge.Herein,a stimulus-responsive system of mesoporous nanospheres(composed of Cu@Fe_(2)C@mSiO_(2))with good magnetothermal effect is introduced into the tumor microenvironment.This system plays an important role in image-guided controllable targeted drug delivery that is independent of tumor depth.Aggregation-induced emission luminogen-based fluorescence imaging and magnetic resonance imaging were utilized since these techniques visualize the delivery process in real time.In addition,the degraded nanocarriers showed high catalytic activity for Fenton and Fenton-like reactions,upregulating the level of hydroxyl radicals(•OH)in cancer cells to realize chemodynamic therapy.The induced•OH led to the overexpression of pho-STAT3,activating the STAT3 signaling pathway,eventually inducing cancer cell apoptosis.Through metabolic monitoring,this SDDS is removed from the body after its degradation in vivo.The synergistically enhanced therapeutic effect was obtained in the chemo-chemodynamic therapy of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice,offering a platform for efficient cancer therapy with a personalized theranostic strategy.

Self-assembled magnetic nanomaterials:Versatile theranostics nanoplatforms for cancer

Self-assembled magnetic nanomaterials(MNMs)are a class of promising biomaterials possessing excellent physiochemical and biological characteristics,making them highly attractive in biomedical applications.A myriad of magnetic nanosystems can be created by using self-assembly as a synthetic tool.Favorable nano-bio interfacial properties are shown in these promising self-assembled magnetic nanosystems,while still retaining their physical/chemical functionalities.This review aims to provide a systematical overview of the self-assembled MNMs.In addition,this review highlights their implementations in cancer theranostics in detail.Overall,this review points out the direction for the application of self-assembled MNMs in biomedicine,and presents how clinical oncology could benefit from the self-assembled nanotechnology.

The thermal analysis of the heat dissipation system of the charging module integrated with ultra-thin heat pipes

Electric vehicles(EV)played an important role fighting greenhouse gas emissions that contributed to global warming.The construction of the charging pile,which was called as the"gas station"of EV,developed rapidly.The charging speed of the charging piles was shorted rapidly,which was a challenge for the heat dissipation system of the charging pile.In order to reduce the operation temperature of the charging pile,this paper proposed a fin and ultra-thin heat pipes(UTHPs)hybrid heat dissipation system for the direct-current(DC)charging pile.The L-shaped ultra-thin flattened heat pipe with ultra-high thermal conductivity was adopted to reduce the spreading thermal resistance.ICEPAK software was used to simulate the temperature and flow profiles of the new design.And various factors that affected the heat dissipation performance of the system were explored.Simulation results showed that the system had excellent heat dissipation capacity and achieved good temperature uniformity.Rather than solely relied on the fans,this new design efficiently dissipated heat with a lower fan load and less energy consumption.

An Easily Compatible Eye-tracking System for Freely-moving Small Animals

Measuring eye movement is a fundamental approach in cognitive science as it provides a variety of insightful parameters that reflect brain states such as visual attention and emotions.Combining eye-tracking with multimodal neural recordings or manipulation techniques is beneficial for understanding the neural substrates of cognitive function.Many commercially-available and custom-built systems have been widely applied to awake,head-fixed small animals.However,the existing eyetracking systems used in freely-moving animals are still limited in terms of their compatibility with other devices and of the algorithm used to detect eye movements.Here,we report a novel system that integrates a general-purpose,easily compatible eye-tracking hardware with a robust eye feature-detection algorithm.With ultra-light hardware and a detachable design,the system allows for more implants to be added to the animal's exposed head and has a precise synchronization module to coordinate with other neural implants.Moreover,we systematically compared the performance of existing commonly-used pupil-detection approaches,and demonstrated that the proposed adaptive pupil feature-detection algorithm allows the analysis of more complex and dynamic eye-tracking data in freemoving animals.Synchronized eye-tracking and electroencephalogram recordings,as well as algorithm validation under five noise conditions,suggested that our system is flexibly adaptable and can be combined with a wide range of neural manipulation and recording technologies.

Comparative metagenomic analysis of the vaginal microbiome in healthy women

The composition of these vaginal microbiome has a significant impact on women’s health.However,few studies have characterized the vaginal microbiome of healthy Chinese women using metagenomic sequencing.Here,we carried out a comparative metagenomic analysis to survey taxonomic,functional levels,and microbial communities’genome content in healthy women’s vaginal microbiome.Overall,we observed a total of 111 species,including all dominant vaginal Lactobacillus species,such as L.iners,L.crispatus,L.gasseri,and L.jensenii.Unlike microbial taxa,several pathways were ubiquitous and prevalent across individuals,including adenosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis and pyruvate fermentation to acetate and lactate Ⅱ.Notably,our diversity analysis confirmed a significant difference in healthy women from different ethnic groups.Moreover,we binned vaginal assemblies into 62 high-quality genomes,including 9 L.iners,7 A.vaginae,5 L.jensenii,and 5 L.crispatus.We identified the pan and core genomes of L.iners and A.vaginae and revealed the genetic diversity.Primary differences between strains were the hypothetical genes and mobile element-like genes.Our results provide a framework for understanding the implications of the female reproductive tract’s composition and functional potential and highlight the importance of genome-resolved metagenomic analysis to further understand the human vaginal microbiome.