Assessment of the individual and combined effects of Rht8 and Ppd-D1a on plant height, time to heading and yield traits in common wheat

Grain yield in cereal crops is a complex trait controlled by multiple genes and influenced by developmental processes and environment. Here we report the effects of alleles Rht8 and Ppd-D1 a on plant height, time to heading, and grain yield and its component traits. Association analysis and quantitative trait locus mapping using phenotypic data from 15 environments led to the following conclusions. First, both Rht8 and Ppd-D1 a reduce plant height. However, Ppd-D1 a but not Rht8 causes earlier heading.Second, both Rht8 and Ppd-D1 a promote grain yield and affect component traits. Their combined effects are substantially larger than those conferred by either allele alone.Third, promotion of grain yield by Rht8 and Ppd-D1 a is through increasing fertile spikelet number. We speculate that Rht8 and Ppd-D1 a act independently and additively in control of plant height, grain yield and yield component. Combination of the two alleles is desirable for adjusting plant height and enhancing grain yield and abiotic stress tolerance.

Research Progress of Natural Active Components against Damage from UV Radiation

The sun's ultraviolet(UV)rays are extremely harmful to the skin.In addition to causing sunburn and aging,excessive UV radiation can also lead to benign or malignant skin tumors.This paper reviews the researches on natural active components against damage from UV radiation,and summarizes the types of compounds,research methods and mechanisms of action.Moreover,the main problems in current research are put forward,and the possible development direction in the future is discussed.

In vitro Pharmacological Activity of Chromenes in Disk of Helianthus annuus

[Objectives]The anti-tumor,anti-bacterial,anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-α-glucosidase activity in vitro of five chromenes isolated from Helianthus annuus disk was studied,in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of H.annuus disk resources.[Methods]The effect of different concentrations of chromenes on the survival rate of leukemia HL-60 cells,lung cancer A549 cells,liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells,breast cancer MCF-7 cells and colon cancer SW480 cells was detected by MTS method,and the IC50 was calculated.The inhibitory activity of chromenes against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus subsp.aureus,Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans was detected by microdilution method.The DTNB substrate method was used to detect the inhibitory activity of chromenes on acetylcholine.The PNPG substrate method was used to detect the inhibitory activity of chromenes onα-glucosidase.[Results]The five chromenes had no obvious in vitro inhibitory activity on the five kinds of tumor cells,with IC50 greater than 40μM.The five chromenes had no obvious in vitro inhibitory activity against the four kinds of bacteria and C.albicans.The five chromenes had certain inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase,and among them,6-acetyl-2,2-dimethylchromene and 6-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylchromene showed strong inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase,with IC50 of 28.253 and 16.945μM,respectively,both smaller than that(0.275μM)of the positive control tacrine(P<0.01).The five chromenes showed good inhibitory effect onα-glucosidase,and among them,7-hydroxy-6-hydroxyacetyl-2,2-dimethylchromene and 6-acetyl-7-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylchromene had stronger inhibitory activity,with IC50 of 20.240 and 21.052μM,respectively,significantly better than that(169.780μM)of the positive control acarbose(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The five chromenes in H.annuus disk have certain in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase andα-glucosidase and certain potential in fighting neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes.

Content Determination of Quercetin and Kaempferol in Flueggea virosa(Roxb.ex Wild.)Baill.

[Objectives]The purpose was to determine the contents of quercetin and kaempferol in Flueggea virosa(Roxb.ex Wild.)Baill.,thereby providing reference data for the research and application of F.virosa.[Methods]Quercetin and kaempferol in F.virosa were extracted with ultrasonic method,using dilute hydrochloric acid-methanol(1∶10)solution as the extraction solvent,and their contents were determined with RP-HPLC.[Results]The contents of quercetin and kaempferol in F.virosa were 0.2336 and 0.3272 mg/g,respectively.[Conclusions]The method has high speed,high resolution,high sensitivity,accurate and reliable detection results,and can be used as a method for the determination of quercetin and kaempferol in F.virosa.

Determination of Content of Hyperin and Luteolin in Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less.

[Objectives]To determine the content of hyperin and luteolin in Vernonia cinerea(L.)Less.,and to provide basic experimental data for experimental research and clinical application of V.cinerea(L.)Less.[Methods]The components to be determined were extracted by ultrasonic extraction,and the hyperin and luteolin in V.cinerea(L.)Less.were separated and determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(chromatographic conditions:reverse C 18 column,methanol-0.4%phosphoric acid as mobile phase for gradient elution,flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,detector wavelength of 360 nm).[Results]The precision and repeatability of the experimental method were good,and the solution of V.cinerea(L.)Less.was stable within 18 h.There was a good linear relationship between the injection volume of hyperin and luteolin and the chromatographic peak area within the prescribed range,and the recovery rate was qualified.The content of hyperin and luteolin in V.cinerea(L.)Less.was 0.0665 mg/g(n=3)and 0.1004 mg/g(n=3),respectively.[Conclusions]The experimental method is sensitive,specific,stable,accurate and reliable,and can be used for the determination of hyperin and luteolin in V.cinerea(L.)Less.

Exploration of Experimental Teaching of Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on"Five-in-One"Practice Teaching System

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a compulsory comprehensive professional course for Chinese pharmacy major,and it is the necessary knowledge for modern Chinese pharmacy talents.In this paper,the experimental teaching of Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine under the"five-in-one"practice teaching mode of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine was explored to provide reference for the experimental teaching of the course Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine.