Morphological and Molecular Data Revealed One New Species of the Short-legged Toads Brachytarsophrys Tian and Hu,1983(Anura,Megophryidae)from Yunnan,China

A new species of the genus Brachytarsophrys,named Brachytarsophrys wenshanensis sp.nov.,has been identified in southeastern Yunnan,China.This new species can be readily distinguished from other known congeners by both morphological criterion and molecular analysis of three mitochondrial gene segments:16S,COI,and Cytb.This classification is based on the following morphological characters:(1)medium body size(SVL 83.8–85.1 mm in two adult males);(2)enormous head,with head width nearly 1.2 times the length;(3)tongue pyriform,feebly notched;(4)non-meeting heels;(5)male lacking nuptial pad;(6)tibiotarsal articulation reaching angle of mouth when hindlimbs are extended forward alongside the body;(7)absence of outer metatarsal tubercle,inner metatarsal tubercle elliptic and approximately equal to first toe;(8)rudimentary toe webbing,webbing formula:Ⅰ(2–)–(2^(++))Ⅱ(2^(–))–(3^(++))Ⅲ(2^(½))–(4)Ⅳ(4^(+))–(2^(⅔))V;(9)lateral fringes narrow;(10)dermal ridge or glandular fold on dorsum absent;(11)pectoral glands distinct and irregular,femoral gland small.Our work increases the number of species within the genus Brachytarsophrys to 9.

First Record of the Genus Wijayarana (Anura, Ranidae) from Yunnan, China

Dear Editor,e family Ranidae is one of the largest and most families of amphibians(Che et al.,2007),with 64 recognized genera and429 species(Frost,2022).However,the systematics and natural history of some ranid groups have not been well-studied.One such example is the taxonomic relationship between Sylvirana,H ylarana and other closely-related taxa(Che et al.,2007;Pyron and Wiens,2011;Oliver et al.,2015).China has a large diversity of ranid frogs,with 146 speciesbelonging to 7 genera,and48 species belonging to 7 genera in the southern province of Yunnan(AmphibiaChina,2022).

放疗联合免疫治疗非小细胞肺癌:前沿学术问题专家交流共识

肺癌是目前导致全球和中国癌症患者死亡的主要瘤种。多年来,常规的肿瘤治疗方法,如手术、化疗和放疗一直主导着非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)治疗领域。临床实践中引入免疫疗法使肺癌的治疗与其他实体瘤一样发生了根本性转变。最新临床前和临床数据表明,放疗可以通过诱导免疫原性细胞死亡和重新编程肿瘤微环境促进抗肿瘤免疫反应。研究者开始重新审视放疗作为免疫治疗的联合疗法,导致研究其潜在协同作用的临床试验数量呈指数级增长。放疗联合免疫治疗的临床试验引起了医疗界的广泛关注,会议邀请专家交流前沿及争议学术问题:①放疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂治疗NSCLC最新进展;②放疗联合免疫治疗是否显著增加毒性;③免疫检查点抑制剂治疗后出现的混合反应及局部治疗的干预价值;④放疗联合免疫治疗脑转移瘤的机制和进展。

抗血管药物治疗放射性脑坏死专家共识

血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的高水平表达是放射性脑坏死(cerebral radiation necrosis,CRN)发生的重要机制。抗血管生成药物(贝伐珠单抗)通过抑制VEGF,作用于脑坏死区域周围的血管组织,减轻CRN引起的脑水肿。许多研究证实贝伐珠单抗可有效缓解脑坏死症状,改善患者的体力状况评分以及减轻影像学上脑水肿范围。抗血管治疗的疗效主要与药物作用时长相关,低剂量抗血管药物即可达到较好的治疗效果。预防是最好的治疗,CRN的发生与肿瘤相关因素和治疗相关因素相关,通过控制两方面因素,可有效预防CRN。

放射性肠炎患者肠道菌群的变化及其与炎症反应的关系

目的:探讨放射性肠炎(radiation proctitis,RP)患者肠道菌群的变化及其与炎症反应的关系。方法:回顾性分析2017年7月至2018年6月天津医科大学肿瘤医院18例接受盆腔外照射的初治宫颈癌患者(RP组10例,对照组8例)的临床资料。基于Illu⁃mina HiSeq测序平台对粪便细菌16S rRNA V4区进行双末端测序。制备粪菌悬液与FHC细胞共培养,检测炎症指标。检测患者血清炎性因子。构建RP小鼠模型,对肠道菌群进行定量分析,观察肠黏膜组织病理学及肠屏障功能,检测血清炎性因子。结果:RP组普氏菌属-9、沙雷氏菌属、罗氏菌属、普氏菌属-2、韦荣球菌属均显著增加,拟杆菌属和副拟杆菌属明显减少;α-多样性更低,β-多样性更显著;变形菌门、γ-变形菌纲以及肠杆菌目的丰度均明显升高。RP组的肠道菌群能促进上皮细胞分泌IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-4,激活P65,上调COX、iNOS、MCP1和CRP。RP组血清TNF-α、IL-1β和CXCL-1的分泌显著增加。RP小鼠粪便样本中总16S rRNA含量明显减少、普氏菌明显增加、拟杆菌明显下降;肠黏膜不完整,肠绒毛变短,上皮结构及黏膜屏障均被破坏;血清TNF-α、IL-1β和CXCL-1显著增加。结论:RP患者具有肠道菌群失调的现象,这种现象与宿主的炎症状态密切相关。

Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genus Paramesotriton(Caudata: Salamandridae) with the Description of a New Species from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, Southeastern China and a Key to the species

The matrilineal genealogy of the genus Paramesotriton is hypothesized based on DNA sequences from mitochondrial NADH subunit two （ND2） and its flanking tRNAs （tRN^Arp and a partial tRNA^Ala）. The genealogy identifies a highly divergent, unnamed lineage from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China and places it as the sister taxon of P. chinensis. The newly discovered population differs from other congeners by several features of external morphology including having large clusters of dark brown conical warts on the dorsum of the head, lateral surface of the body and dorsolateral ridges. Its intermittent dorsal vertebral ridge is the same color as other parts of the dorsum and tail narrows gradually from the base to the tip. Further, the new population differs from all congeners by an uncorrected P-distance of more than 9.38% in ND2. Consequently, we describe the new species of Asian warty newt （Salamandridae） as Paramesotriton qixilingensis sp. nov.

A New Species of Cyrtodactylus(Squamata:Gekkonidae)from the Karst Forests of Daweishan National Nature Reserve,Yunnan,China

Cyrtodactylus geckos are one of the most speciose and diverse groups of extant lizards known,distributed throughout the Asian and Pacific realms.Using molecular phylogenetic methods and supporting morphological data,we describe a new species of Cyrtodactylus in Daweishan National Nature Reserve,Yunnan Province,China.Cyrtodactylus hekouensis sp.nov.can be morphologically distinguished from its nearby congeners by the following characters:maximum SVL 92.3 mm and TL 98.5 mm;11-12 supralabials;11-12 infralabials;36-57 scale rows between the fifth supralabials;10-13 dorsal tubercles rows;3 postnasals on blunt and smooth front snout;precloacalfemoral pores in a continuous series of 33-39(females with pitted scales)located under vent/cloaca and thighs in both sexes;precloacal groove absent;3/3 postcloacal tubercles;subdigital lamellae under the fourth finger 21 or 22,under the fourth toe 20-23;smooth midbody with smooth venter and tuberculate dorsal scale rows,tubercles from head to tail base;dorsal transverse patterns are generally large,bilaterally symmetrical.The results of the phylogenetic analysis recover specimens of this new species as sister to a clade containing C.wayakonei and C.martini.Uncorrected pairwise intraspecific distances were<1%,and distances between our new species and other Cyrtodactylus species from nearby countries ranged from 14.2%to 26.8%.

NS1结合蛋白通过转录抑制c-Myc增强食管鳞状细胞癌的放疗敏感性

背景与目的基于顺铂的化疗联合放疗是晚期食管鳞状细胞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC)的标准疗法。NS1结合蛋白(NS1-binding protein,NS1-BP)是BTB-kelch蛋白家族中的一员,已被证明可通过抑制c-Myc进而抑制HeLa细胞增殖。在本研究中,我们检测NS1-BP表达在ESCC中的潜在作用,特别是其在ESCC放疗敏感性方面的作用。方法对于两组接受基于顺铂化疗且联合放疗的ESCC患者(研究组n=98;验证组n=46),采用免疫组化方法分别检测NS1-BP表达。使用正常食管黏膜组织块作为对照。我们也进行了一系列体外和体内实验来检测过表达NS1-BP对ESCC细胞各方面的潜在影响,尤其关注的是对电离辐射的敏感性方面的影响。结果在研究组中,59%(85/144)的ESCC样本观察到了NS1-BP下调。在研究组和验证组中,NS1-BP下调与放化疗抵抗和较短的疾病特异生存期(disease-specific survival,DSS)均具有相关性。体内和体外培养条件下过表达NS1-BP均能大幅度提高ECSS细胞对放疗的敏感性。NS1-BP也显著增强IR诱导的凋亡,阻断IR诱导的G2/M细胞周期阻滞和ATM/Chk1磷酸化。免疫沉淀反应显示NS1-BP可以与c-Myc启动子区相互作用从而抑制其转录。在ESCC组织中,c-Myc表达与NS1-BP水平负相关,与较短的疾病特异生存期相关。结论我们的研究结果显示了NS1-BP在ESCC放疗敏感性中的作用和重要性。以NS1-BP/c-Myc通路为靶标有望开发一种新的ESCC治疗策略。

On the Occurrence of Oligodon joynsoni (Smith,1917)(Squamata:Colubridae) in China

On the basis of a different dorsal pattern,and a low number of maxillary teeth,the specimens of Oligodon joynsoni(Smith,1917) from the Nonggang National Nature Reserve,Guangxi,China formerly identified as O. joynsoni by several authors should be referred to the recently described species O. nagao David,Nguyen,Nguyen,Jiang,Chen,Teynié,and Ziegler,2012. Here,we provide the first genuine record of O. joynsoni(Smith,1917) in China based on a male specimen collected from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,China.

A New Newt of the Genus Cynops(Caudata: Salamandridae) from Guangdong, China

We describe a new species of the genus Cynops from northeastern Guangdong, China. This new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of morphological and molecular characters. In morphology, it is chra- cterized by distinctive irregular bluish grey spots on the dorsum from head to tail; irregular, bright orange blotches on venter, chin, underside of axillae, limbs, cloaca; one bright orange stripe in the middle of venter; and ventral tail orange red. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA data indicate that this new species forms one highly diverged lineage within the Chinese group of Cynops.

A New Cyrtodactylus Species(Reptila:Gekkonidae)from Nan Province,Northern Thailand

Here,a new species of bent-toed gecko,Cyrtodactylus phukhaensis sp.nov.,is described from Doi Phu Kha,Nan province,Thailand based on molecular and morphological evidence.A phylogeny based on NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2(ND2)and its flanking tRNAs places the new species in the chauquangensis group as a sister taxon to Cyrtodact ylus wayakonei.The new species can be differentiated from other members of the chauquangensis group by having a unique combina tion of 7 or 8 suprala bials,23-28 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles,8-10 infrala bials,9 femoral pores,7 precloacal pores,40-47 ventral scales,and a lack of bands crossingthe temporal area.In addition,results from a chromosome study of C.phukhaensis sp.nov.showed that the new species has a diploid chromosome number of 40 with a fundamental number of 46.The formula of the karyotype was as follows:2n(40)=2m+4sm+34t.Our findings suggest that further studies of Cyrtodactylus biodiversity in northern Thailand are needed.

A Case Report of Left-Sided Headache with Rhinocleisis

A patient, with a complaint of a left-sided headache plus a rhinocleisis for a month, was admitted to our hospital. The clinical diagnosis showed that it was a primary adenoid cystic carcinoma （ACC） of the nasopharynx.At another hospital she had undergone 17 ordinary external irradiations,

Experimental study on ice monitoring method for 10 kV transmission line with tangent tower in alpine landform

Ice monitoring methods were applied for 110 kV and above transmission lines with tangent towers.However,the change in the vertical span is not considered,and a significant difference lies in the tower-conductor structure of 10 kV transmission lines.For this reason,a proposal is made about the ice monitoring method for the 10 kV transmission line with tangent tower in alpine landform,which includes the ice monitoring system based on pressure measurement and corresponding equivalent ice thickness calculating methods.Different methods calculate the vertical span under different height difference coefficients.A finite element simulation model and a simulated ice load experiment system are established based on real conductors and insulators.Experiments and simulations under four simulated terrains are conducted within 2.5–20 mm ice thickness range.The comparison is made between this method and the method without considering the change in vertical span.The results show that the two methods are consistent and the relative errors are lower than�4%in simulation and�10%in experiment when the height difference coefficient is 0.When it is not 0,the relative errors of this method fall between t0.38%and t6.78%in simulation and−6.40%to t6.60%in experiment,while the relative errors of the method without considering the change in vertical span ranges between−11.13%and−20.23%in simulation and−11.65%to−23.20%in experiment.

Historical mitochondrial genome introgression confounds species delimitation: evidence from phylogenetic inference in the Odorrana grahami species complex

Species delimitation is essential to informing conservation policy and understanding ecological and evolutionary processes.Most of our recent gains in knowledge on animal diversity rely on morphological characteristics and mitochondrial(mt)DNA variation.Concordant results based on both have led to an unprecedented acceleration in the identification of new species and enriched the field of taxonomy.However,discordances are also found commonly between morphological and mtDNA evidence.This confounds species delimitation,especially when gene flow or mt genome introgression has occurred.Here,we illustrate how mt genome introgression among species of the Odorrana grahami complex confounds species delimitation using the combined evidence of morphological characters,mt variation,and thousands of nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)from genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS).Fifty-eight samples across the distribution of the O.grahami complex were included.The mtDNA matrilineal genealogy indicated 2 clades,with O.grahami and Odorrana junlianensis clustered together.In contrast,all nuclear evidence including gene trees,species trees,and genetic structure analyses based on GBS data support 3 species with distinct genetic clusters.These 3 distinct genetic clusters also correspond to distinct morphological characters.They affirm the distinct taxonomic entities of both O.grahami and O.junlianensis,as well as a third clade distinct from either.Which species the third clade belongs to remains unclear and will require further testing.The nuclear genomic loci contradict the COI evidence,with indications of rampant historical mt genome introgression among the species of the O.grahami complex.These discordant signals previously confused species delimitation efforts in this group.Based on these findings,we recommend the integration of independent data,especially nuclear genomic evidence,in species delimitation so as to be robust against the pitfalls of mt introgression.

云南省两栖类物种名录修订

云南省是我国两栖类多样性最丰富的地区,近年来受威胁的两栖类物种数显著增加,亟需对两栖类的名录进行更新和完善。本文在《云南两栖爬行动物》的基础上,通过收集近十余年的研究资料,结合近年国内外最新研究结果,确定物种有效性和分类归属,并结合本团队野外考察数据,对云南两栖类的物种名录和分布进行系统的整理与修订。修订后的名录共记录云南省两栖类191种,隶属3目12科49属,占全国两栖类种数的32.5%。自2008年以来,云南省新增两栖类1科23属70种,本名录修订3科31属47种;共发现34个新种、15个中国新纪录和10个省级新纪录种,主要集中在云南的边境地区。云南省记录45种受威胁物种,占云南省两栖类种数的23.6%,占全国受威胁两栖类物种数的25.6%。其中,2种被列为极危(CR),9种被列为濒危(EN),34种被列为易危(VU)。名录共记录15种国家II级重点保护野生动物,占受国家保护两栖类种数的16.0%。此外,列入CITES附录I和附录II的分别有1种和8种,被列为云南省极小种群物种而作为重点保护野生动物的有5种。在新名录的基础上,本文讨论了云南省两栖类多样性与分类研究不足的类群、考察薄弱的地区、物种丰富度的格局分布以及受威胁情况,以期对云南省未来两栖类的研究和保护工作提供依据和参考。

Load Shedding and Restoration for Intentional Island with Renewable Distributed Generation

Due to the high penetration of renewable distributed generation(RDG),many issues have become conspicuous during the intentional island operation such as the power mismatch of load shedding during the transition process and the power imbalance during the restoration process.In this paper,a phase measurement unit(PMU)based online load shedding strategy and a conservation voltage reduction(CVR)based multi-period restoration strategy are proposed for the intentional island with RDG.The proposed load shedding strategy,which is driven by the blackout event,consists of the load shedding optimization and correction table.Before the occurrence of the large-scale blackout,the load shedding optimization is solved periodically to obtain the optimal load shedding plan,which meets the dynamic and steady constraints.When the blackout occurs,the correction table updated in real time based on the PMU data is used to modify the load shedding plan to eliminate the power mismatch caused by the fluctuation of RDG.After the system transits to the intentional island seamlessly,multi-period restoration plans are generated to optimize the restoration performance while maintaining power balance until the main grid is repaired.Besides,CVR technology is implemented to restore more loads by regulating load demand.The proposed load shedding optimization and restoration optimization are linearized to mixed-integer quadratic constraint programming(MIQCP)models.The effectiveness of the proposed strategies is verified with the modified IEEE 33-node system on the real-time digital simulation(RTDS)platform.

NS1-binding protein radiosensitizes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by transcriptionally suppressing c-Myc

Background:Cisplatin-based chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy is a standard treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).NS1-binding protein(NS1-BP),a member of the BTB-kelch protein fam-ily,has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of Hela cells by suppressing c-Myc.In the present study,we examined the potential function role of NS1-BP expression in ESCC,and particularly,the sensitivity of ESCC to radiotherapy.Methods:NS1-BP expression was examined using immunohistochemistry in two cohorts(n=98 for the training cohort;n=46 for independent validation cohort)of ESCC patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy and con-current radiotherapy.Normal esophageal mucosal tissue blocks were used as a control.We also conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to examine the potential effects of over-expressing NS1-BP on ESCC cells,and particu-larly their sensitivity to ionizing irradiation.Results:In the training cohort,NS1-BP downregulation was observed in 59%(85/144)of the ESCC specimens.NS1-BP downregulation was associated with chemoradiotherapeutic resistance and shorter disease-specific survival(DSS)in both the training and validation cohorts.Over-expressing NS1-BP in cultured ESCC cells substantially increased the cellular response to irradiation both in vitro and in vivo.NS1-BP also significantly enhanced IR-induced apoptosis,and abrogated IR-induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest and ATM/Chk1 phosphorylation.Immunoprecipitation assays indicated that NS1-BP could interact with c-Myc promoter regions to inhibit its transcription.In ESCC tissues,c-Myc expression was inversely correlated with NS1-BP levels,and was associated with a shorter DSS.Conclusions:Our findings highlight the role and importance of NS1-BP in radiosensitivity of ESCC.Targeting the NS1-BP/c-Myc pathway may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for ESCC.

A Novel Nonlinear Parameter Estimation Method of Soft Tissues

The elastic parameters of soft tissues are important for medical diagnosis and virtual surgery simulation. In this study, we propose a novel nonlinear parameter estimation method for soft tissues. Firstly, an in-house data acquisition platform was used to obtain external forces and their corresponding deformation values, To provide highly precise data for estimating nonlinear param- eters, the measured forces were corrected using the constructed weighted combination forecasting model based on a support vector machine （WCFM_SVM）. Secondly, a tetrahedral finite element parameter estimation model was established to describe the physical characteristics of soft tissues, using the substitution parameters of Young＇s modulus and Poisson＇s ratio to avoid solving compli- cated nonlinear problems. To improve the robustness of our model and avoid poor local minima, the initial parameters solved by a linear finite element model were introduced into the parameter estimation model. Finally, a self-adapting Levenberg-Marquardt （LM） algorithm was presented, which is capable of adaptively adjusting iterative parameters to solve the established parameter estimation model. The maximum absolute error of our WCFM SVM model was less than 0.03 Newton, resulting in more accurate forces in comparison with other correction models tested. The maximum absolute error between the calculated and measured nodal displacements was less than 1.5 mm, demonstrating that our nonlinear parameters are precise.