Harnessing overlapped temperature-salinity gradient in solar-driven interfacial seawater evaporation for efficient steam and electricity generation

Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation(SIWE)offers a superb way to leverage concentrated solar heat to minimize energy dissipation during seawater desalination.It also engenders overlapped temperaturesalinity gradient(TSG)between water-air interface and adjacent seawater,affording opportunities of harnessing electricity.However,the efficiency of conventional SIWE technologies is limited by significant challenges,including salt passivation to hinder evaporation and difficulties in exploiting overlapped TSG simultaneously.Herein,we report self-sustaining hybrid SIWE for not only sustainable seawater desalination but also efficient electricity generation from TSG.It enables spontaneous circulation of salt flux upon seawater evaporation,inducing a self-cleaning evaporative interface without salt passivation for stable steam generation.Meanwhile,this design enables spatial separation and simultaneous utilization of overlapped TSG to enhance electricity generation.These benefits render a remarkable efficiency of90.8%in solar energy utilization,manifesting in co-generation of solar steam at a fast rate of 2.01 kg m^(-2)-h^(-1)and electricity power of 1.91 W m^(-2)with high voltage.Directly interfacing the hybrid SIWE with seawater electrolyzer constructs a system for water-electricity-hydrogen co-generation without external electricity supply.It produces hydrogen at a rapid rate of 1.29 L h^(-1)m^(-2)and freshwater with 22 times lower Na+concentration than the World Health Organization(WHO)threshold.

TOEPLITZ OPERATORS BETWEEN WEIGHTED BERGMAN SPACES OVER THE HALF-PLANE

In this paper,by characterizing Carleson measures,we investigate a class of bounded Toeplitz operator between weighted Bergman spaces with Békolléweights over the half-plane for all index choices.

消融术和亚肺叶切除术治疗Ia期非小细胞肺癌患者疗效的对比

背景与目的肺癌是我国死亡率最高的肿瘤,不同治疗方式对于患者预后的影响具有重要的意义。通过比较消融术和亚肺叶切除术治疗Ia期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)患者的生存期,分析该两种治疗方案对早期肺癌患者预后生存的不同影响。方法运用美国国立癌症研究所监测、流行病学和结果数据库(The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, SEER),我们从2004年1月-2015年12月之间筛选了符合条件的Ia期NSCLC患者进行研究。通过倾向性评分匹配,筛选出228例采用消融术治疗和228例采用亚肺叶切除术治疗的Ia期NSCLC的患者,并进行Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析。比较Ia期NSCLC患者在经过匹配和调整后接受不同治疗方式的总生存率情况。结果 Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析消融组和亚肺叶切除术组之间的生存曲线存在明显差异(P<0.05)。单因素分析中,与消融组相比,亚肺叶切除术的风险比(hazard ratio, HR)为0.571(95%CI:0.455-0.717),即采用亚肺叶切除术治疗的患者产生的不良结局风险是消融术的0.571倍;在多因素分析中,亚肺叶切除术的HR为0.605(95%CI:0.477-0.766),即采用亚肺叶切除术治疗的患者产生的不良结局风险是消融术的0.605倍。以上结果均提示亚肺叶切除术治疗Ia期NSCLC患者的总生存率高于消融术。结论使用消融术和亚肺叶切除术治疗的Ia期NSCLC患者的总生存率之间存在明显差异。采用亚肺叶切除术治疗Ia期NSCLC的患者总生存率明显高于消融术组。

Boosting redox activity on MXene-induced multifunctional collaborative interface in high Li2S loading cathode for high-energy Li-S and metallic Li-free rechargeable batteries

Use of metallic Li anode raises serious concerns on the safety and operational performance of Li-S batteries due to uncontrolled hazard of Li dendrite formation, which is difficultly eliminated as long as the metallic Li exists in the cells. Pairing lithium sulfide (Li2S) cathode with currently available metallic Lifree high-capacity anodes offers an alternative solution to this challenge. However, the performance of Li2S cathode is primarily restricted by high activation barrier upon initial charge, low active mass utilization and sluggish redox kinetics. Herein, a MXene-induced multifunctional collaborative interface is proposed to afford superb activity towards redox solid-liquid/liquid-liquid phase transformation, strong chemisorption, high conductivity and fast ionic/charge transport in high Li2S loading cathode. Applying collaborative interface effectively reduces initial voltage barrier of Li2S activation and regulates the kinetic behavior of redox polysulfide conversion. Therefore, stable operation of additive-free Li2S cathode with high areal capacities at high Li2S loading up to 9 mg cm^-2 can be achieved with less sacrifice of high capacity and rate capability in Li-S batteries. Rechargeable metallic Li-free batteries are successfully constructed by pairing this high-performance Li2S cathode with high-capacity metal oxide anodes, which delivers superior energy density to current Li-ion batteries.

Visible-light deposition of CrO_(x) cocatalyst on TiO_(2):Cr valence regulation for superior photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to CH_(4)

Photodeposition is widely adopted for implanting metal/metal oxide cocatalysts on semiconductors.However,it is prerequisite that the photon energy should be sufficient to excite the host semiconductor.Here,we report a lower-energy irradiation powered deposition strategy for implanting CrO_(x) cocatalyst on TiO_(2).Excitingly,CrO_(x)-400 implanted under visible-light irradiation significantly promotes the CH4 evolution rate on TiO_(2)to 8.4μmolg·^(-1)h^(-1) with selectivity of98%from photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction,which is 15 times of that on CrO_(x)-200 implanted under UV-visible-light irradiation.Moreover,CrO_(x)-400 is identified to be composed of higher valence Cr species compared to CrO_(x)-200.This valence states regulation of Cr species is indicated to provide more active sites for CO_(2) adsorption/activation and to modulate the reaction mechanism from single Cr site to Cr-Cr dual sites,thus endowing the superior CH_(4)production.This work demonstrates an alternative strategy for constructing efficient metal oxides cocatalysts on wide bandgap semiconductor.

Single-atom Pt promoted Mo_(2)C for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction

Hydrogen generation from electrochemical water splitting powered by renewable energy is important to the sustainable society,but the prohibitive cost of current Pt electrocatalyst has impeded the large-scale production of hydrogen by water electrolysis.In this contribution,a new low-Pt electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) has been fabricated by a facile one-pot synthesis approach,in which Pt^(2+)cations and phosphomolybdic acid confined in the metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) were submitted to pyrolysis to yield Pt single atoms dispersed into Mo_(2)C nanocrystals in 3 D porous carbon matrix.The as-synthesized Pt_(1)-Mo_(2)C-C catalyst with Pt content of only 0.7 wt% exhibited remarkably enhanced activity for HER in 1 M KOH,with overpotential at 10 mA/cm^(2) lowered from 211 mV to 155 mV and 7-fold higher mass activity(7.14 A/mgpt) than the benchmark 20 wt% Pt/C.The promoted activity can be attributed to the electronic interaction between Pt single atoms and Mo2C surface,which not only improved water activation but also strengthened hydrogen adsorption,as indicated by FTIR and microcalorimetric characterizations.

瑞士联邦档案馆特色功能研究及启示

随着信息技术的发展和数字资源的不断增多,公众对档案数据获取的便利程度要求越来越高。瑞士联邦档案馆记录了瑞士两百多年的历史,拥有大量的档案信息资源,在档案的开发利用工作中,不断探索实现档案资源的关联与共享模式。本文就瑞士联邦档案馆网站的特色功能展开研究,总结瑞士档案馆档案开发与利用的方式,并在此基础上为国内档案馆网站建设提供可行性的参考。

Synthesis of nitrogen-sulfur co-doped Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx MXene with enhanced electrochemical properties

Through material innovation,nanoscale structural design and hybrid manufacturing methods,great efforts have been made in developing high-performance energy storage systems.These devices can be comprised of twodimensional(2D)nanomaterials,such as MXene,and show promise for use in energy storage devices.In order to achieve better electrochemical properties of MXene,one crucial technique is to modify its structure by introducing defects or heteroatom dopants,which may expand the interlayer spacing and increase the ion transfer kinetics during the charge/discharge process.Here,a modified two-step multi-element strategy is explored utilizing ammonium citrate as intercalant and nitrogen source to enhance the level of heteroatom doping during annealing of MXene with sulfur.The resulting nitrogen/sulfur co-doped MXene displayed enhanced gravimetric capacitance(495 F g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1)),outstanding rate capability(180 F g^(-1) at 10 A g^(-1))and excellent cycle stability(98%retention after 6000 charge/discharge cycles).The synthesis of NS-MXene reveals a novel and facile multiheteroatom pathway for functionalizing Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx MXene and demonstrates the potential variety of this family of modified MXenes that has yet to be explored,as well as unveils great promise for use in applications such as high performance supercapacitors.

Apatinib,S-1 Combined with Paclitaxel Perfusion in the Treatment of Malignant Seroperitoneum of Gastric Cancer

Objective:To analyze the effect of apatinib,S-1 combined with paclitaxel perfusion on malignant seroperitoneum of gastric cancer.Methods:From December 2019 to May 2020,172 patients with gastric cancer treated in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups:observation group and control group,86 cases each.The control group adopted the method of S-1 combined with paclitaxel perfusion therapy in the treatment of malignant seroperitoneum of gastric cancer.The observation group was given oral apatinib on the basis of S-1 combined with paclitaxel perfusion therapy,and the dosage was 500 mg/d.Results:The total effective treatment in the control group was 43.02%,while the total effective rate in the observation group was 69.77%;the drug resistance of the two groups of patients increased and the adverse reactions were low.Conclusion:Apatinib and S-1 combined with paclitaxel perfusion therapy can effectively improve the treatment effect,stabilize the patient's condition,increase the patient's drug resistance to adverse reactions,and have a good prognosis.

Spontaneous isospin polarization and quantum Hall ferromagnetism in a rhombohedral trilayer graphene superlattice

Moiré superlattices in van der Waals heterostructures have recently attracted enormous interests, due to the highly controllable electronic correlation that gives rise to superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and nontrivial topological properties. To gain a deep understanding of such exotic properties, it is essential to clarify the broken symmetry between spin and valley flavors which universally exists in these ground states. Here in a rhombohedral trilayer graphene crystallographically aligned with a hexagonal boron nitride, we report various kinds of symmetry-breaking transition tuned by displacement fields(D) and magnetic fields:(ⅰ) While it is well known that a finite D can enhance correlation to result in correlated insulators at fractional fillings of a flat band, we find the correlation gap emerges before the flavor is fully filled at a positive D, but the sequence is reversed at a negative D.(ⅱ) Around zero D, electronic correlation can be invoked by narrow Landau levels, leading to quantum Hall ferromagnetism that lifts all the degeneracies including not only spin and valley but also orbital degrees of freedom. Our result unveils the complication of transitions between symmetry-breaking phases, shedding light on the mechanisms of various exotic phenomena in strongly correlated systems.

Schiff-base polymer derived FeCo-N-doped porous carbon flowers as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for long-life rechargeable zinc-air batteries

Rational design and exploration of low-cost and robust bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are vitally important for developing high-performance zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,we reported a facile yet cost-efficient approach to construct a bifunctional oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalyst composed of N-doped porous carbon nanosheet flowers decorated with Fe Co nanoparticles(Fe Co/N-CF).Rational design of this catalyst is achieved by designing Schiff-base polymer with unique molecular structure via hydrogen bonding of cyanuramide and terephthalaldehyde polycondensate in the presence of metal cations.It exhibits excellent activity and stability for electrocatalysis of ORR/OER,enabling ZAB with a high peak power density of 172 m W cm^(-2)and a large specific capacity of 811 m A h g^(-1)Znat large current.The rechargeable ZAB demonstrates excellent durability for 1000 h with slight voltage decay,far outperforming a couple of precious Pt/Ir-based catalysts.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that high activity of bimetallic Fe Co stems from enhanced O_(2)and OH-adsorption and accelerated O_(2)dissociation by OAO bond activation.

Correlated states in alternating twisted bilayer–monolayer–monolayer graphene heterostructure

Highly controlled electronic correlation in twisted graphene heterostructures has gained enormous research interests recently,encouraging exploration in a wide range of moirésuperlattices beyond the celebrated twisted bilayer graphene.Here we characterize correlated states in an alternating twisted Bernal bilayer–monolayer–monolayer graphene of~1.74°,and find that both van Hove singularities and multiple correlated states are asymmetrically tuned by displacement fields.In particular,when one electron per moiréunit cell is occupied in the electron-side flat band,or the hole-side flat band(i.e.,three holes per moiréunit cell),the correlated peaks are found to counterintuitively grow with heating and maximize around 20 K–a signature of Pomeranchuk effect.Our multilayer heterostructure opens more opportunities to engineer complicated systems for investigating correlated phenomena.

Tunable correlation in twisted monolayer–trilayer graphene

Flat-band physics of moirésuperlattices,originally discovered in the celebrated twisted bilayer graphene,have recently been intensively explored in multilayer graphene systems that can be further controlled by electric field.In this work,we experimentally find the evidence of correlated insulators at half filling of the electron moiréband of twisted monolayer–trilayer graphene with a twist angle around 1.2°.Van Hove singularity(VHS),manifested as enhanced resistance and zero Hall voltage,is observed to be distinct in conduction and valence flat bands.It also depends on the direction and magnitude of the displacement fields,consistent with the asymmetric crystal structure.While the resistance ridges at VHS can be enhanced by magnetic fields,when they cross commensurate fillings of the moirésuperlattice in the conduction band,the enhancement is so strong that signatures of correlated insulator appear,which may further develop into an energy gap depending on the correlation strength.At last,Fermi velocity derived from temperature coefficients of resistivity is compared between conduction and valence bands with different displacement fields.It is found that electronic correlation has a negative dependence on the Fermi velocity,which in turn could be used to quantify the correlation strength.

Retrospective clinical analysis of MAID protocol as first-line treatment on 137 metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas patients

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy,adverse reaction and survival of MAID protocol as first-line treatment on 137 metastatic soft tissue sarcomas patients.Methods:One hundredand thirty-seven patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma were given MAID protocol chemotherapy which consists of ifosfamide at a total dose of 8-10 g/m2 in 4-5 days,adriamycin at a dose of 60 mg/m2 on first day and dacarbazine at a dose of 200 mg/m2/d in 4-5 days.Twenty one days were regarded as a cycle and 2-6 cycles were completed.The median cycle number was 4.Results:Four cases had complete remission(CR)(2.9%),thirteen cases achieved partial remission(PR)(9.5%),eighty-eight cases maintained a stable disease(SD)(64.2%),and thirty-two cases had progressive disease(PD)(23.4%).The overall response rate(RR) was 12.4%,disease control rate(DCR) was 76.6%.The progression-free survival(PFS) was 2-14 months and median PFS was 5.00 ± 1.12 months.The overall survival(OS) was 3-19 months and median OS was 8.00 ± 1.32 months.Three months PFS rate was 56.9%,six months PFS rate was 27.2% and one year PFS rate was 7.8%.Three months OS rate was 100.0%,six months OS rate was 41.5% and one year OS rate was 10.7%.The main adverse reactions were bone marrow supression,nausea/vomiting and alopecia.Other adverse reactions were seldom observed.Conclusion:The effect of MAID protocol as first-line treatment on metastatic soft tissue sarcomas patients was exact,the treatment can control disease progression effectively and the side effects can be tolerable.It was obviously very worthy in clinical use as one of the first-line chemotherapy protocols on advanced soft tissue sarcomas.

Research Advances of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cancer Immunotherapy

Tumorigenesis are closely associated with the immune function of the human body.Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel and promising treatment strategy in multiple malignancies in the 21st century.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been extensively used for cancer treatment in China and surrounding countries for it exerts efficient therapeutic effects with few side effects.In recent years,studies have demonstrated that TCM plays a unique and reliable role in regulating tumor immunity.TCM can enhance the antitumor immune response function by regulating the secretion of cytokines,reshaping the balance of immune cells,and regulating immune checkpoints to relieve the immunosuppression.In addition,TCM can reduce the side effects(e.g.,cytokine storm)of cancer immunotherapy.Based on the current research of active immunotherapy and passive immunotherapy,this review summarizes the potential applications and existing problems of TCM in tumor immunotherapy.This review may be helpful in illuminating the scientific basis of TCM in tumor immunotherapy,promoting its internationalization,as well as shedding innovating new strategies for the development of tumor immunotherapy.

Nanomedicine integrating the lipidic derivative of 5-fluorouracil,miriplatin and PD-L1 si RNA for enhancing tumor therapy

Immunosuppressive microenvironments present critical problems in clinical chemotherapy.To regulate the tumor immune microenvironment for enhancing antitumor effect,a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)with chemotherapeutics has been applied clinically.In this study,miriplatin(MiPt),the lipidic derivative of 5-fluorouracil(Fu-OA),as well as the programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)target si RNA(siPD-L1)were integrated into Lip-Pt/Fu@siPD-L1 nanoparticles(NPs)for chemo-immunotherapy.In vitro results showed that Lip-Pt/Fu@siPD-L1 NPs could exhibit effective siRNA gene silencing and promote the phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages.Furthermore,in vivo results revealed that LipPt/Fu@siPD-L1 NPs showed significantly higher anti-tumor efficiency than that of the physical mixing of Mi Pt,5-fluorouracil,and Lip@siPD-L1 NPs(delivery of siPD-L1 by liposomes).The best anti-tumor efficiency of Lip-Pt/Fu@siPD-L1 NPs resulted from the synergistic immunotherapeutic effects of Mi Pt and siPD-L1 based on the inhibition of CD47 expression and the downregulation of PD-L1 in tumor cells,which elicited a robust anti-tumor immune response through the activation of macrophage phagocytosis and immune checkpoint inhibition.The Lip-Pt/Fu@siPD-L1 NPs provide a potential strategy for tumor chemo-immunotherapy.

A molecular dynamics simulation route towards Eu-doped multi-component transparent spectral conversion glass-ceramics

Eu^(2+)doped fluorosilicate glass-ceramics containing BaF_(2) nanocrystals have high potential as spectral conversion materials for organic solar cells.However,it is difficult to realize the efficient design of BaF_(2):Eu^(2+)doped fluorosilicate glass and to vividly observe the glass microstructure in experiment through traditional trial-and-error glass preparation method.BaF_(2):Eu^(2+)doped fluorosilicate glassceramics with high transparency,and high photoluminescence(PL)performance were predicted,designed and prepared via molecular dynamics(MD)simulation method.By MD simulation prediction,self-organized nanocrystallization was realized to inhibit the abnormal growth of nanocrystals due to[AlO_(4)]tetrahedra formed in the fluoride-oxide interface.The introduction of NaF reduces the effective phonon energy of the glass because Na+will prompt Al^(3+)to migrate from the fluoride phase to the silicate phase and interface.The local environment of Eu^(2+)is optimized by predicting the doping concentration of EuF_(3) and 2 mol%EuF3 is the best concentration in this work.Glass-ceramics sample GC2Eu as spectral conversion layer was successfully applied on organic solar cells to obtain more available visible phonons with a high photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE).This work confirms the guidance of molecular dynamics simulation methods for fluorosilicate glasses design.

Expression and significance of Shh,Gli1 and β-catenin in triple-negative breast cancer tissues

Objective:To detect the expression of Shh,Gli1 and β-catenin in triple negative breast cancer tissues and paracancer breast tissues by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry and to analyze their correlation with clinicopathological features.Methods:(1)qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Shh,Gli1 and β-catenin in 30 cases of triple negative breast cancer and their paracancer breast tissues,and the correlation among them was analyzed.(2)The expression of Shh,Gli1 and β-catenin proteins in 30 triple negative breast cancer and their paracancer breast tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry,and their correlation with clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results:(1)Shh mRNA expression(1.2334±0.27867),Gli1 mRNA expression(1.2135±0.20636)and β-catenin mRNA expression(1.1421±0.32330)in triple negative breast cancer tissues were higher than that in paracancer breast tissues,i.e.,Shh mRNA expression(1.0022±0.06721),Gli1 mRNA expression(1.0003±0.02420)and β-catenin mRNA expression(1.0033±0.07920)were significantly different(p<.05).There was a significantly positive correlation between the mRNA expression of Shh and Gli1(r=.989,p<.001),and between the mRNA expression of Shh and β-catenin(r=.868,p<.001).There was a significantly positive correlation between the mRNA expression of Gli1 and β-catenin expression(r=.869,p<.001).(2)The positive expression rates of Shh,Gli1 and β-catenin in triple negative breast cancer tissues were 93.3%(28/30),96.7%(29/30)and 93.3%(28/30),respectively,which were higher than those in paracancer tissues 60%(18/30),73.3%(22/30)and 73.3%(22/30),the differences were statistically significant(p<0.05).There was a significantly positive correlation between the mRNA expression of Shh and Gli1(r=.958,p<.001),and between the mRNA expression of Shh and β-catenin(r=.952,p<.001).There was a significantly positive correlation between the mRNA expression of Gli1 and β-catenin expression(r=.927,p<.001).The expression of Shh,Gli1 and β-catenin protein in triple negative breast cancer was not correlated with age and tumor size(p>.05),but Shh was positively correlated with histological grade(G)(r=.774,p<.001).Furthermore,Gli1 was positively correlated with histological grade(r=.757,p<.001).β-catenin was positively correlated with histological grade(r=.739,p<.001).Shh was positively correlated with TNM staging(r=.460,p=.010).Gli1 was positively correlated with TNM staging(r=.414,p=.023).β-catenin was positively correlated with TNM staging(r=.404,p=.027).Shh was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis(r=.540,p=.002).Gli1 was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis(r=.515,p=.004).β-catenin was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis(r=.559,p=.001).Conclusions:(1)The up-regulated expression of Shh,Gli1 and β-catenin proteins in triple negative breast cancer suggests that Shh,Gli1 and β-catenin proteins are involved in tumor genesis.The combined detection of the three proteins may provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of triple negative breast cancer.(2)Shh was positively correlated with Gli1 protein expression and β-catenin protein expression.Gli1 was positively correlated with β-catenin protein expression,suggesting that the three types of proteins play a synergistic role in the occurrence and development of TNBC.There may be crosstalk in the Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signaling pathways in TNBC,which may provide a new approach for the treatment of TNBC.(3)The expression of Shh,Gli1 and β-catenin proteins was correlated with the degree of differentiation,TNM staging and lymph node metastasis of triple negative breast cancer,but not correlated with age and tumor size.Therefore,it was predicted that the three types of proteins were related to the invasion,metastasis and prognosis of TNBC.

Effects of trace ytterbium addition on microstructure,mechanical and thermal properties of hypoeutectic Al-5Ni alloy

Over the past decade,the cast aluminum alloys with excellent mechanical and conductivity properties have emerged as potential materials for thermal management.However,the traditional Al-Si based alloys are difficult to make significant breakthrough in conductivity performance.The hypoeutectic Al-5Ni alloy also possesses sound castability and is expected to be applied in thermal management applications.In this study,the effects of ytterbium(Yb element) at 0-0.5 wt% on the microstructures as well as the electrical/thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the Al-5Ni alloy were systematically investigated.The experimental results indicate that the addition of Yb at a relatively low amount not only reduces the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the α-Al grains,but also modifies the morphology and distribution of eutectic boundary phase.Moreover,it is found that the dosage of Yb at 0.3 wt% in the Al-5Ni alloy can simultaneously improve the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and electrical/thermal conductivity.The strengthening and toughening of the Al-5Ni alloy are mainly attributed to the decrease of secondary dendrite arm spacing and the improvement of eutectic phases.The transmission electron microscopy/selected area electron diffraction(TEM/SAED) analysis indicates that the ytterbium in Al-5Ni alloy will form Al_(3)Yb phase,which mainly agglomerates in the Al_(3)Ni phase region.This phase is helpful to decrease the solubility of impurity elements(e.g.,Fe and Si) in the α-Al matrix,which is beneficial to electrical/thermal conductivity.The value of this study lays foundation for manufacturing Al-Ni alloys with high thermal conductivity and acceptable mechanical properties.

Phosphoproteomics reveals therapeutic targets of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Dear Editor,Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is one of the most aggressive squamous cell carcinomas and highly prevalent in Asia.The incidence of ESCC is affected by environmental factors(alcohol consumption,tobacco use,etc.)and genetic factors,both result in tumorigenesis by altering proteomic,posttranslational modification(PTM)and metabolic characterization of esophageal epithelial cells.Recently,large-scale investigations of ESCC have been performed,focusing on the discovery of new driver mutations.However,the mechanisms underlying ESCC development remain unclear,and comprehensive protein profiling of ESCC is necessary to understand its underlying mechanisms.So far,the approaches to the treatment of ESCC patients mainly include endoscopic therapy,surgery and chemoradiotherapy.However,most patients especially with poor prognosis ESCC still lack effective targeted treatment.