[Objective]The paper was to study optimum chemical agents and control periods against rice false smut( Ustilaginoidea virens) in single cropping middle-late rice. [Method]Taking chemical agents( triadimefon,armure,Jin...[Objective]The paper was to study optimum chemical agents and control periods against rice false smut( Ustilaginoidea virens) in single cropping middle-late rice. [Method]Taking chemical agents( triadimefon,armure,Jinggangmycin) as main treatments and spraying periods( within 7 d before initial heading stage,within 7 d before initial heading stage + initial heading stage,initial heading stage) as assisted treatments,the field efficacy trial and optimum control period of U. virens in single cropping middle-late rice were studied using Huanghuazhan and Jinnongsimiao as experimental materials in 2013. [Result] Three chemical agents,triadimefon,armure,Jinggangmycin,extremely reduced diseased panicle rate and disease index of U. virens,but there was no significant difference among three chemical agents. Spraying period did not have significant impact on diseased panicle rate and disease index of U. virens,whereas spraying within7 d before initial heading stage and during initial heading stage had relatively good control effect. Yield increased significantly after application of three chemical agents,and armure led to greater increase. The reason for yield increase was that seed setting rate was significantly increased,and the number of filled grains per panicle was significantly increased. Although spraying period influenced yield,the difference was not significant. [Conclusion] Triadimefon,armure and Jinggangmycin had good control effects against U. virens in single cropping middle-late rice,of which armure had better control effects. Spraying chemical agents increased seed setting rate,and further increased the number of filled grains per panicle and yield. Spraying within 7 d before initial heading stage and during initial heading stage had relatively better control effect against U. virens.展开更多
Fengbazhan(FBZ)and its derived varieties have been widely cultivated in China,accounting for 22%of China’s paddy fields.Therefore,evaluating the breeding.Effects of FBZ and elucidating its genetic compositions are ef...Fengbazhan(FBZ)and its derived varieties have been widely cultivated in China,accounting for 22%of China’s paddy fields.Therefore,evaluating the breeding.Effects of FBZ and elucidating its genetic compositions are effective strategies for interpreting the history of modern rice breeding.Using integrative bioinformatics analysis and population validation,we found that the expression of favorable genes on chromosome 6 was important for the breeding of FBZ-derived varieties and these favorable genes were gradually optimized during the breeding process,which was consistent with the conjecture of the‘Rice Core Germplasm Breeding Theory’.For several decades,tremendous efforts have been made by Chinese scientists in rice breeding to improve grain yield,nutritional quality and environmental performance,thereby achieving substantial progress in global food security.Several rice breeding technologies have been developed,including semi-dwarf breeding,utilization of heterosis,launching the‘Super Rice Project’,development of green super rice and molecular design breeding(Qian et al,2016;Bai et al,2018;Tang and Cheng,2018;Yu et al,2022).In southern China,rice can be divided into the early,middle and late rice,and the cultivation area in southern China accounts for approximately 80%of China’s rice cultivation area.Currently,several distinct rice varieties are widely cultivated in southern China.展开更多
We used a widely targeted metabolomics approach to examine the metabolic changes in three pedigreed indica cultivars(Meixiangzhan 2,Meisizhan and Qixinzhan),with different eating qualities,at 8,15 and 30 d after flowe...We used a widely targeted metabolomics approach to examine the metabolic changes in three pedigreed indica cultivars(Meixiangzhan 2,Meisizhan and Qixinzhan),with different eating qualities,at 8,15 and 30 d after flowering(DAF)to explore the formation mechanism of rice eating and nutritional qualities at a global metabolic level.A total of 623 metabolites were identified,and results showed that metabolic variations among rice cultivars decreased with grain developmental stage,suggesting that sufficient carbohydrate and amino acid supply during grain development may contribute to excellent rice eating and nutritional quality formation.Lysophosphatidylcholines 19:0 and 16:1 were beneficial for excellent eating quality formation during grain development.Rice fragrance was attributed mainly to spermidine andγ-aminobutyric acid.Rice cultivars with excellent eating quality at 15-30 DAF had relatively higher flavone content,possibly because they had adequate carbohydrate and amino acid contents during grain development.These results provided insight into the mechanisms for establishing rice eating and nutritional qualities during grain formation at a global metabolic level,and can be applied towards improving rice quality.展开更多
Rice panicle branches are key routes for transportation of photo synthetic products to grains.Branch senescence is an important trait that the breeders considered when breeding elite rice cultivars in South China.Howe...Rice panicle branches are key routes for transportation of photo synthetic products to grains.Branch senescence is an important trait that the breeders considered when breeding elite rice cultivars in South China.However,little is known about the mechanisms underlying the contributions of stay-green panicle branches to rice yield and quality.Here,we reported stay-green branches that continuously maintained transportation function and provided carbohydrates for basal grain development at the late stages of rice development.This ensured the coordination of development between apical and basal grains,and further improved the processing quality of elite rice.These findings provided strategies for improving the fullness and quality of rice grains and presented an important basis for cultivating elite rice.展开更多
Chemical weeding in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice was studied in Huida vegetable farm of Huizhou City in 2012. The main treatment was herbicide( pretilachlor + bensulfuron-methyl,Yang...Chemical weeding in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice was studied in Huida vegetable farm of Huizhou City in 2012. The main treatment was herbicide( pretilachlor + bensulfuron-methyl,Yangguo and butachlor),and the sub-treatment was application method( soil treatments,seedling treatment and integrated treatment). The results showed that 80 g pretilachlor + bensulfuron-methyl( 36% pretilachlor + 4% bensulfuron-methyl) diluted with 50 kg water could be sprayed or 200 g Yangguo( 23. 9% butachlor + 1. 1% bensulfuron-methyl) mixed with 15 kg sandy soil could be broadcasted per 667 m2 on the sowing day or the second day under moist condition of soil,which could effectively control weeds in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice.展开更多
为探究代谢物质、尤其是营养物质在优质稻籽粒发育过程中的数量、种类及丰度变化。本研究以中国南方稻区推广面积最大的优质常规籼稻品种‘黄华占’为材料,选取花后8 d (乳熟期),15 d (蜡熟期)和30 d(完熟期)的籽粒和精米,进行广泛靶向...为探究代谢物质、尤其是营养物质在优质稻籽粒发育过程中的数量、种类及丰度变化。本研究以中国南方稻区推广面积最大的优质常规籼稻品种‘黄华占’为材料,选取花后8 d (乳熟期),15 d (蜡熟期)和30 d(完熟期)的籽粒和精米,进行广泛靶向代谢组分析。在籽粒发育过程中,大分子代谢物质淀粉和直链淀粉的含量呈上升趋势,而可溶性蛋白变化则相反;在小分子代谢物方面,本研究鉴定获得23类622个代谢物,在花后8和15 d的籽粒中发现281个差异的代谢物,其中脂质是上升数量最多的物质。在花后15和30 d籽粒的差异物质最少,仅有61个,主要是黄酮物质且其丰度显著下降;在花后30 d籽粒和精米中,发现387个显著差异的代谢物,主要是氨基酸、有机酸和核苷酸及衍生物并发现135个代谢物完全流失。总之,在乳熟期和腊熟期代谢最为活跃,无论是淀粉和蛋白质,还是氨基酸、脂质、黄酮、维生素和萜类等小分子,均在此时期合成和积累。而在完熟期,仅黄酮的丰度显著下降。成熟籽粒至精米过程中,人为因素导致94%差异代谢物显著下降,甚至完全流失。本研究为在代谢物水平探究水稻营养品质形成机理提供理论依据,并为实际生产过程中,水稻收获后人为因素影响营养品质提供了重要参考。展开更多
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program(2007BAD89B14)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(00803028)+3 种基金Major Technical Research Project of Ministry of Agriculture for Agricultural Structure Adjustment(06-03-07B)Project of Guangdong Provincial Finance Department(YCY[2005]No.11,YCJ[2006]No.187)Agricultural Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Department(2005B20101001)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201103001)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study optimum chemical agents and control periods against rice false smut( Ustilaginoidea virens) in single cropping middle-late rice. [Method]Taking chemical agents( triadimefon,armure,Jinggangmycin) as main treatments and spraying periods( within 7 d before initial heading stage,within 7 d before initial heading stage + initial heading stage,initial heading stage) as assisted treatments,the field efficacy trial and optimum control period of U. virens in single cropping middle-late rice were studied using Huanghuazhan and Jinnongsimiao as experimental materials in 2013. [Result] Three chemical agents,triadimefon,armure,Jinggangmycin,extremely reduced diseased panicle rate and disease index of U. virens,but there was no significant difference among three chemical agents. Spraying period did not have significant impact on diseased panicle rate and disease index of U. virens,whereas spraying within7 d before initial heading stage and during initial heading stage had relatively good control effect. Yield increased significantly after application of three chemical agents,and armure led to greater increase. The reason for yield increase was that seed setting rate was significantly increased,and the number of filled grains per panicle was significantly increased. Although spraying period influenced yield,the difference was not significant. [Conclusion] Triadimefon,armure and Jinggangmycin had good control effects against U. virens in single cropping middle-late rice,of which armure had better control effects. Spraying chemical agents increased seed setting rate,and further increased the number of filled grains per panicle and yield. Spraying within 7 d before initial heading stage and during initial heading stage had relatively better control effect against U. virens.
基金supported by the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(Grant No.NT2021001)Applied Science and Technology of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2015B020231001)+4 种基金Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Agricultural Advantage Industry Discipline Team Building Project(Grant No.202111TD)Quality Rice Core Germplasm Breeding Team(2021-2025)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences:Dean’s Fund Key Project(Grant No.202001)Collection and Evaluation of High-Quality Germplasm Resources of‘Guangdong Simiao Rice’(Grant No.2021KJ382-02)Operating Fees for Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020B1212060047).
文摘Fengbazhan(FBZ)and its derived varieties have been widely cultivated in China,accounting for 22%of China’s paddy fields.Therefore,evaluating the breeding.Effects of FBZ and elucidating its genetic compositions are effective strategies for interpreting the history of modern rice breeding.Using integrative bioinformatics analysis and population validation,we found that the expression of favorable genes on chromosome 6 was important for the breeding of FBZ-derived varieties and these favorable genes were gradually optimized during the breeding process,which was consistent with the conjecture of the‘Rice Core Germplasm Breeding Theory’.For several decades,tremendous efforts have been made by Chinese scientists in rice breeding to improve grain yield,nutritional quality and environmental performance,thereby achieving substantial progress in global food security.Several rice breeding technologies have been developed,including semi-dwarf breeding,utilization of heterosis,launching the‘Super Rice Project’,development of green super rice and molecular design breeding(Qian et al,2016;Bai et al,2018;Tang and Cheng,2018;Yu et al,2022).In southern China,rice can be divided into the early,middle and late rice,and the cultivation area in southern China accounts for approximately 80%of China’s rice cultivation area.Currently,several distinct rice varieties are widely cultivated in southern China.
基金This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(Grant Nos.2018A030313465 and 2015B020231001)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2014AA10A604-19)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31801448)the Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy-Construction of High Level Academy of Agriculture Science(Grant No.R2018PY-QF003).
文摘We used a widely targeted metabolomics approach to examine the metabolic changes in three pedigreed indica cultivars(Meixiangzhan 2,Meisizhan and Qixinzhan),with different eating qualities,at 8,15 and 30 d after flowering(DAF)to explore the formation mechanism of rice eating and nutritional qualities at a global metabolic level.A total of 623 metabolites were identified,and results showed that metabolic variations among rice cultivars decreased with grain developmental stage,suggesting that sufficient carbohydrate and amino acid supply during grain development may contribute to excellent rice eating and nutritional quality formation.Lysophosphatidylcholines 19:0 and 16:1 were beneficial for excellent eating quality formation during grain development.Rice fragrance was attributed mainly to spermidine andγ-aminobutyric acid.Rice cultivars with excellent eating quality at 15-30 DAF had relatively higher flavone content,possibly because they had adequate carbohydrate and amino acid contents during grain development.These results provided insight into the mechanisms for establishing rice eating and nutritional qualities during grain formation at a global metabolic level,and can be applied towards improving rice quality.
基金supported by the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project,China (Grant No. NT2021001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31801448)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy-Construction of High Level Academy of Agriculture Science,China (Grant No. R2018PY-QF003)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dean’s Fund Key Project (Grant No. 202001)。
文摘Rice panicle branches are key routes for transportation of photo synthetic products to grains.Branch senescence is an important trait that the breeders considered when breeding elite rice cultivars in South China.However,little is known about the mechanisms underlying the contributions of stay-green panicle branches to rice yield and quality.Here,we reported stay-green branches that continuously maintained transportation function and provided carbohydrates for basal grain development at the late stages of rice development.This ensured the coordination of development between apical and basal grains,and further improved the processing quality of elite rice.These findings provided strategies for improving the fullness and quality of rice grains and presented an important basis for cultivating elite rice.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program(2007BAD89B14)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the PublicInterest(00803028)+3 种基金Major Technical Research Project of Ministry of Agriculture for Agricultural Structure Adjustment(06-03-07B)Project ofGuangdong Provincial Finance Department(YCY[2005]No.11,YCJ[2006]No.187)Agricultural Research Project of Guangdong ProvincialScience and Technology Department(2005B20101001)Special Fund forAgro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201103001)
文摘Chemical weeding in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice was studied in Huida vegetable farm of Huizhou City in 2012. The main treatment was herbicide( pretilachlor + bensulfuron-methyl,Yangguo and butachlor),and the sub-treatment was application method( soil treatments,seedling treatment and integrated treatment). The results showed that 80 g pretilachlor + bensulfuron-methyl( 36% pretilachlor + 4% bensulfuron-methyl) diluted with 50 kg water could be sprayed or 200 g Yangguo( 23. 9% butachlor + 1. 1% bensulfuron-methyl) mixed with 15 kg sandy soil could be broadcasted per 667 m2 on the sowing day or the second day under moist condition of soil,which could effectively control weeds in dry direct seeding fields of single cropping middle-late rice.
文摘为探究代谢物质、尤其是营养物质在优质稻籽粒发育过程中的数量、种类及丰度变化。本研究以中国南方稻区推广面积最大的优质常规籼稻品种‘黄华占’为材料,选取花后8 d (乳熟期),15 d (蜡熟期)和30 d(完熟期)的籽粒和精米,进行广泛靶向代谢组分析。在籽粒发育过程中,大分子代谢物质淀粉和直链淀粉的含量呈上升趋势,而可溶性蛋白变化则相反;在小分子代谢物方面,本研究鉴定获得23类622个代谢物,在花后8和15 d的籽粒中发现281个差异的代谢物,其中脂质是上升数量最多的物质。在花后15和30 d籽粒的差异物质最少,仅有61个,主要是黄酮物质且其丰度显著下降;在花后30 d籽粒和精米中,发现387个显著差异的代谢物,主要是氨基酸、有机酸和核苷酸及衍生物并发现135个代谢物完全流失。总之,在乳熟期和腊熟期代谢最为活跃,无论是淀粉和蛋白质,还是氨基酸、脂质、黄酮、维生素和萜类等小分子,均在此时期合成和积累。而在完熟期,仅黄酮的丰度显著下降。成熟籽粒至精米过程中,人为因素导致94%差异代谢物显著下降,甚至完全流失。本研究为在代谢物水平探究水稻营养品质形成机理提供理论依据,并为实际生产过程中,水稻收获后人为因素影响营养品质提供了重要参考。