Lactobacillus plantarum AR495 improves stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome in rats by targeting gut microbiota and Mast cell-PAR2-TRPV1 signaling pathway

Probiotics have great potential in regulating intestinal pain.In this study,the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum AR495 on the visceral sensitivity and gut microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)rats were studied.The results showed that tryptase released after mast cell activation and degranulation plays a key role in visceral pain,and L.plantarum AR495 reduced the stimulation of colonic mast cells and the expression of protease-activated receptor 2(PAR2)and TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglia.Research further showed that supplementation with L.plantarum AR495 increased the level of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and enhanced the barrier function of the colon.In addition,the microbiota analysis of the colon indicated that L.plantarum AR495 promoted the proliferation of Bifidobacterium and inhibited the proliferation of Lachnospiraceae,which alleviated the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota caused by IBS to a certain extent.In total,L.plantarum AR495 might reduce visceral sensitivity through the Mast cell-PAR2-TRPV1 signaling pathway by maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier.

Lactobacillus plantarum AR113 attenuates liver injury in D-galactose-induced aging mice via the inhibition of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress

Probiotics could effectively eliminate excess reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated during aging or lipid metabolism disorders,but their mechanism is unclear.The major purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarun AR113 alleviating oxidative stress injury in the D-galactose induced aging mice.The result showed that pretreatment with L.plantarun AR113 significantly relieving H_(2)O_(2)induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by maintain cell membrane integrity and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.In D-galactose induced aging mice,L.plantarun AR113 could significantly attenuate liver damage and inflammatory infiltration by promoting endogenous glutathione(GSH)synthesis and activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in mice,and increasing the expression of regulated phaseⅡdetoxification enzymes and antioxidant enzymes.Further analysis shown that gavage of L.plantarun AR113 could significantly reduce the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 78(GPR78)and C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)proteins,and promote the restoration of endoplasmic reticulum(ER)homeostasis,thereby activating cell anti-apoptotic pathways.These results were also confirmed in H_(2)O_(2)-treated HepG2 experiments.It indicated that L.plantarun AR113 could inhibit D-galactose-induced liver injury through dual inhibition of ER stress and oxidative stress.L.plantarun AR113 have good application potential in anti-aging and alleviating metabolic disorders.

Study on chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer using MRS and pancreatic juice samples

AIM:To investigate the markers of pancreatic diseases and provide basic data and experimental methods for the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.METHODS:There were 15 patients in the present study,among whom 10 had pancreatic cancer and 5,chronic pancreatitis.In all patients,pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis was located on the head of the p-a-ncrea-s.Pa-thology da-ta-of a-ll p-a-tients wa-s confirmed by biopsy and surgery.Among the 10 patients with pancreatic cancer,3 people had a medical history of longterm alcohol consumption.Of 5 patients with chronic pancreatitis,4 men suffered from alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.Pancreatic juice samples were obtained from patients by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Magnetic resonance spectroscopyn was performed on an 11.7-T scanner (Bruker DRX-500) using Call-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequences.The parameters were as follows:spectral width,15 KHz;time domain,64 K;number of scans,512;and acquisition time,2.128 s.RESULTS:The main component of pancreatic juice included leucine,iso-leucine,valine,lactate,alanine,acetate,aspartate,lysine,glycine,threonine,tyrosine,histidine,tryptophan,and phenylalanine.On performing 1D 1H and 2D total correlation spectroscopy,we found a triplet peak at the chemical shift of 1.19 ppm,which only appeared in the spectra of pancreatic juice obtained from patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.This triplet peak was considered the resonance of the methyl of ethoxy group,which may be associated with the metabolism of alcohol in the pancreas.CONCLUSION:The triplet peak,at the chemical shift of 1.19 ppm is likely to be the characteristic metabolite of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.

Wireless esophageal pH capsule for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: A multicenter clinical study

AIM: To investigate the feasibility and safety of pH capsule to monitor pH in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis in China(2018 edition)

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a progressive inflammatory disease of pancreas that alters the organ’s normal structure and functions.CP seriously affects the quality of life of patients and greatly increases the public medical burden of society.In recent years,the incidence of CP has increased worldwide.The concepts of etiology and therapies have been continuously updated.

Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis: experience with 100 patients

BACKGROUND： Autoimmune pancreatitis （ALP） is increasingly recognized as a unique subtype of pancreatitis. This study aimed to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of AIP patients from a tertiary care center in China. METHODS： One hundred patients with AIP who had been treated from January 2005 to December 2012 in our hospital were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively reviewed the data of clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging examinations, pathological examinations, treatment and outcomes of the patients. RESULTS： The median age of the patients at onset was 57 years （range 23-82） with a male to female ratio of 8.1：1. The common manifestations of the patients included obstructive jaundice （49 patients, 49.0%）, abdominal pain （30, 30.0%）, and acute pancreatitis （11, 11.0%）. Biliary involvement was one of the most extrapancreatic manifestations （64, 64.0%）. Fifty-six （56.0%） and 43 （43.0%） patients were classified into focal- type and diffuse-type respectively according to the imaging examinations. The levels of serum IgG and IgG4 were elevated in 69.4% （43/62） and 92.0% （69/75） patients. Pathological analysis of specimens from 27 patients supported the diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis, and marked （〉10 ceUs/HPF） IgG4 positive cells were found in 20 （74.1%） patients.Steroid treatment and surgery as the main initial treatments were given to 41 （41.0%） and 28 （28.0%） patients, respectively. The remission rate after the initial treatment was 85.0%. Steroid was given as the treatment after relapse in most of the patients and the total remission rate at the end of follow-up was 96.0%. CONCLUSIONS： Clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging and pathology examinations in combination could increase the diagnostic accuracy of AIP. Steroid treatment with an initial dose of 30 or 40 mg prednisone is effective and safe in most patients with AIP.

A comprehensive review of recent advances in chronic pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a multifaceted disorder influenced by environmental and genetic factors,with smoking and alcohol consumption being major contributors.Recent developments encompass the advent of innovative transgenic models and the identification of susceptibility genes,shedding light on the genetic aspect of CP.The pathogenesis of this disease involves a complex interplay of pancreatic acinar cell dysfunction,inflammatory reactions,and fibrosis.Current research delves into understanding these molecular mechanisms.Pain,a pivotal symptom of CP,has been increasingly studied to develop effective therapeutic interventions.Diagnostic advancements,including endoscopic ultrasound,radiomics,and blood-based markers,have shown potential in enhancing early CP detection.Moreover,recent clinical trials have optimized treatment approaches,such as pancreatic stone fragmentation,stent placement,and decision-making between endoscopic and surgical procedures.Emerging therapies,including chemical pancreatectomy and gene therapy,present promising opportunities for improved CP management.

胶囊内镜二十年之路

在过去20年中,胶囊内镜不断发展,不仅攻克了消化道检查中小肠这一“盲区”,还向全消化道拓展,相继推出食管胶囊内镜、结肠胶囊内镜以及磁控胶囊胃镜,部分检查已得到临床广泛应用。近年来,胶囊内镜从单纯诊断技术发展到兼具一定诊治功能,各种胶囊的研发与应用也不断拓宽其临床适应证。从技术革新到临床转化,胶囊内镜凭借其无痛、无创、无接触等优势,为广大患者带来了福音。本文回顾总结了胶囊内镜的20年发展史,并对其进行了展望。

Clinical application of magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy in gastric disease diagnosis: recent advances

Magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy(MCCG) is a novel system primarily used for the diagnosis of gastric disease. It consists of an endoscopic capsule with magnetic material inside, external guidance magnet equipment, data recorder and computer workstation. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that MCCG is comparable in accuracy in diagnosing gastric focal disease when compared to conventional gastroscopy. Further clinical studies are needed to test the diagnostic accuracy and improve the functioning of MCCG. This novel MCCG system could be a promising alternative for screening for gastric diseases,with the advantages of no anesthesia required, comfort and high acceptance across populations.

Capsule endoscopy in portal hypertension and varices

1|CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY VERSUS ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY(EGD)FOR DIAGNOSING GASTROESOPHAGEAL VARICES(GEVs):CENTERS STUDY.EGD is the gold standard for diagnosing GEVs in patients with portal hypertension,but its invasiveness limits patients'compliance.With the nature of noninvasiveness and direct visualization,capsule endoscopy has the potential to be an alternative to EGD for diagnosing varices.