Recent advances and key perspectives of in-situ studies for oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis

Electricity-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen is one of the most efficient ways to alleviate energy crisis and environmental pollution problems,in which the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is the key half-reaction of performance-limiting in water splitting.Given the complicated reaction process and surface reconstruction of the involved catalysts under actual working conditions,unraveling the real active sites,probing multiple reaction intermediates and clarifying catalytic pathways through in-situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations are essential.In this review,we summarize the recent advancements in understanding the catalytic process,unlocking the water oxidation active phase and elucidating catalytic mechanism of water oxidation by various in-situ characterization techniques.Firstly,we introduce conventionally proposed traditional catalytic mechanisms and novel evolutionary mechanisms of OER,and highlight the significance of optimal catalytic pathways and intrinsic stability.Next,we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental working principles,different detection modes,applicable scenarios,and limitations associated with the in-situ characterization techniques.Further,we exemplified the in-situ studies and discussed phase transition detection,visualization of speciation evolution,electronic structure tracking,observation of reaction active intermediates,and monitoring of catalytic products,as well as establishing catalytic structure-activity relationships and catalytic mechanism.Finally,the key challenges and future perspectives for demystifying the water oxidation process are briefly proposed.

Research on the Reform of School-Enterprise Cooperation Teaching and Education Mode for Computer Majors

This paper discusses the innovative methods of school-enterprise cooperation education mode in computer applied talent training.An innovative training model based on school-enterprise cooperation is proposed to promote the cultivation of students’practical and innovative skills,so as to better adapt to the needs of society.By analyzing the key links and influencing factors of the training mode,this paper puts forward some concrete suggestions and measures to provide guidelines for universities and enterprises in personnel training.

Recent advances of mechanosensitive genes in vascular endothelial cells for the formation and treatment of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its complications are a high-incidence disease worldwide.Numerous studies have shown that blood flow shear has a huge impact on the function of vascular endothelial cells,and it plays an important role in gene regulation of pro-inflammatory,pro-thrombotic,pro-oxidative stress,and cell permeability.Many impor-tant endothelial cell mechanosensitive genes have been discovered,including KLK10,CCN gene family,NRP2,YAP,TAZ,HIF-1α,NF-kB,FOS,JUN,TFEB,KLF2/KLF4,NRF2,and ID1.Some of them have been intensively studied,whereas the relevant regulatory mechanism of other genes remains unclear.Focusing on these mechanosensitive genes will provide new strategies for therapeutic intervention in atherosclerotic vascular disease.Thus,this article reviews the mechanosensitive genes affecting vascular endothelial cells,including classical pathways and some newly screened genes,and summarizes the latest research progress on their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to reveal effective therapeutic targets of drugs and provide new insights foranti-atherosclerosis.

Spreadable Magnetic Soft Robots with On-Demand Hardening

Magnetically actuated mobile robots demonstrate attractive advantages in various medical applications due to their wireless and programmable executions with tiny sizes. Confronted with complex application scenarios, however, it requires more flexible and adaptive deployment and utilization methods to fully exploit the functionalities brought by magnetic robots. Herein, we report a design and utilization strategy of magnetic soft robots using a mixture of magnetic particles and non-Newtonian fluidic soft materials to produce programmable, hardened, adhesive, reconfigurable soft robots. For deployment, their ultrasoft structure and adhesion enable them to be spread on various surfaces, achieving magnetic actuation empowerment. The reported technology can potentially improve the functionality of robotic end-effectors and functional surfaces. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed robots could help to grasp and actuate objects 300 times heavier than their weight. Furthermore, it is the first time we have enhanced the stiffness of mechanical structures for these soft materials by on-demand programmable hardening, enabling the robots to maximize force outputs. These findings offer a promising path to understanding, designing, and leveraging magnetic robots for more powerful applications.

The Mechanics of Tumor Cells Dictate Malignancy via Cytoskeleton-Mediated APC/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Tumor cells progressively remodel cytoskeletal structures and reduce cellular stiffness during tumor progression,implicating the correlation between cell mechanics and malignancy.However,the roles of tumor cell cytoskeleton and the mechanics in tumor progression remain incompletely understood.We report that softening/stiffening tumor cells by targeting actomyosin promotes/suppresses self-renewal in vitro and tumorigenic potential in vivo.Weakening/strengthening actin cytoskeleton impairs/reinforces the interaction between adenomatous polyposis coli(APC)andβ-catenin,which facilitatesβ-catenin nuclear/cytoplasmic localization.Nuclearβ-catenin binds to the promoter of Oct4,which enhances its transcription that is crucial in sustaining self-renewal and malignancy.These results demonstrate that the mechanics of tumor cells dictate self-renewal through cytoskeleton-APC-Wnt/β-catenin-Oct4 signaling,which are correlated with tumor differentiation and patient survival.This study unveils an uncovered regulatory role of cell mechanics in self-renewal and malignancy,and identifies tumor cell mechanics as a hallmark not only for cancer diagnosis but also for mechanotargeting.

12-Tungstophosphoric acid niched in Zr-based metal-organic framework:a stable and efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts acylation

Heteropoly acids(HPA) are well known for their versatile solid acid catalysis in diverse chemical reactions, however they suffer from low surface area(<10 m^2/g) and leaching into the reactions media, which reduce their prospects as industrial catalyst.Herein, a novel hybrid material HPW@Zr-BTC,composed of 12-tungstophoric acid(HPW) and Zr^(Ⅳ)-benzene tri-carboxylate(Zr-BTC) metal-organic framework(MOF), was prepared via one-pot solvothermal method. Excellent HPW loading up to 32.3 wt% was achieved, and HPW@Zr-BTC composite proved to be highly stable, besides the crystalline morphology of Zr-BTC was intact. The catalytic activity of the hybrid composite was explored via Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with benzoyl chloride.The 28.2 wt% HPW@Zr-BTC showed excellent catalytic performance, with 99.4% anisole conversion and 97.6% yield(pmethoxybenzophenone) under solvent free conditions. Excellent retention of catalytic activity was achieved after at least five consecutive runs due to non-observable HPW leaching. The promising activity and stability of the catalyst forecasted its potential industrial applications.

Inhibition of in-stent restenosis after graphene oxide double-layer drug coating with good biocompatibility

In this study,we designed a double layer-coated vascular stent of 316L stainless steel using an ultrasonic spray system to achieve both antiproliferation and antithrombosis.The coating included an inner layer of graphene oxide(GO)loaded with docetaxel(DTX)and an outer layer of carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC)loaded with heparin(Hep).The coated surface was uniform without aggregation and shedding phenomena before and after stent expanded.The coating treatment was able to inhibit the adhesion and activation of platelets and the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells,indicating the excellent biocompatibility and antiproliferation ability.The toxicity tests showed that the GO/DTX and CMC/Hep coating did not cause deformity and organ abnormalities in zebrafish under stereomicroscope.The stents with GO double-layer coating were safe and could effectively prevent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis after the implantation into rabbit carotid arteries for 4–12 weeks.

Erratum on “12-tungstophosphoric acid niched in Zr-BTC: a stable and efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts acylation” [Sci.China Chem., 2018, 61: 402–411]

Erratum to:Sci China Chem,2018,61:402-411,https://doi.org/10.1007/sll426-017-9182-0 For the above referenced publication[1],there is a correction in the Figure 9.Figure 9 Catalytic activity of pristine Zr-BTC(a),18.6 wt%HPW@Zr-BTC(b),25.2 wt%HPW@Zr-BTC(c).