Valorization of Camellia oleifera oil processing byproducts to value-added chemicals and biobased materials: A critical review

The C.oleifera oil processing industry generates large amounts of solid wastes,including C.oleifera shell(COS)and C.oleifera cake(COC).Distinct from generally acknowledged lignocellulosic biomass(corn stover,bamboo,birch,etc.),Camellia wastes contain diverse bioactive substances in addition to the abundant lignocellulosic components,and thus,the biorefinery utilization of C.oleifera processing byproducts involves complicated processing technologies.This reviewfirst summarizes various technologies for extracting and converting the main components in C.oleifera oil processing byproducts into value-added chemicals and biobased materials,as well as their potential applications.Microwave,ultrasound,and Soxhlet extractions are compared for the extraction of functional bioactive components(tannin,flavonoid,saponin,etc.),while solvothermal conversion and pyrolysis are discussed for the conversion of lignocellulosic components into value-added chemicals.The application areas of these chemicals according to their properties are introduced in detail,including utilizing antioxidant and anti-in-flammatory properties of the bioactive substances for the specific application,as well as drop-in chemicals for the substitution of unrenewable fossil fuel-derived products.In addition to chemical production,biochar fabricated from COS and its applications in thefields of adsorption,supercapacitor,soil remediation and wood composites are comprehensively reviewed and discussed.Finally,based on the compositions and structural characteristics of C.oleifera byproducts,the development of full-component valorization strategies and the expansion of the appli-cationfields are proposed.

Research Progress of Tung Oil/UV Photocomposite Curing Material

Tung oil(TO)/ultraviolet(UV)photo-composite curing material possesses the characteristics of low curing temperature,low material shrinkage and low environmental pollution.Accordingly,this material must be developed and utilized with the conjugated double bonds contained in the long chain of the main structure(α-tung acid)molecules in the refined TO.The aforementioned material can be chemically modified using a variety of chemical methods to develop a new TO-based UV photocurable material due to its unique chemical properties.This work reviews the research progress of TO/UV photo-composite curing materials in recent years.Firstly,the chemical structure and application of TO and UV Photocatalysis Technology were briefly introduced.Secondly,the research status of novel TO/UV photo-composite curing materials developed by the Diels-Alder reaction was discussed.The method and curing effect of the UVcuring system constructed by other chemically modified TO were also discussed.Thereafter,the application of TO in industrial production is introduced from four directions:the application of TO in biodiesel,the application in synthetic resin,the application in self-healing coating and microcapsules and other applications.Finally,the research and application prospects of TO/UV photo-composite curing materials were presented.

Spacelike Graphs with Parallel Mean Curvature in Pseudo-Riemannian Product Manifolds

Abstract The author introduces the w-function defined on the considered spacelike graph M. Under the growth conditions w = o（log z） and w = o（r）, two Bernstein type theorems for M in Rm^n＋m are got, where z and r are the pseudo-Euclidean distance and the distance function on M to some fixed point respectively. As the ambient space is a curved pseudo- Riemannian product of two Riemannian manifolds （∑1,g1） and （∑2,g2） of dimensions n and m, a Bernstein type result for n =2 under some curvature conditions on E1 and E2 and the growth condition w = o（r） is also got. As more general cases, under some curvature conditions on the ambient space and the growth condition w = o（r） or w = o（√r）, the author concludes that if M has parallel mean curvature, then M is maximal.

Convex function on pseudo-Grassmann manifold and its applications for Bernstein-type theorem

We derive the Hessian estimate of the w-function defined on the pseudo-Grassmann manifold Gnmm, which is convex by the estimate. As an application, we give a direct proof of the Bernstein-type theorem due to Y. Xin [Mannscripta Math., 2000, 103： 191-202]. We also estimate the squared norm of the second fundamental form of a complete spacelike submanifold in pseudoEuclidean space in terms of the w-function and the mean curvature.