Nonlinear empirical failure criterion for rocks under triaxial compression

Based on existing triaxial compression experimental data,a new empirical failure criterion with wide applicability was proposed considering hydrostatic pressure,second stress invariance,and maximum shear stress.Four fitting evaluation indicators were used to verify the consistency of the new failure criterion,and the differences with the other 6 failure criteria were discussed.The characteristics of the new failure criteria in the principal stress space were finally analyzed.The results indicate that(1)the new failure criterion exhibits strong predictive ability for triaxial experiments and has good applicability for both intact and jointed rocks;(2)the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the failure surface exhibits a non-linear trend,and different hydrostatic pressure also exhibits different distribution patterns on the deviatoric stress plane,with a distribution characteristic pattern of hexagonal snowflake-regular hexagon.The maximum shear stress has a torsional effect on the new criterion,in the three-dimensional failure surface.The parameters a and b of the rock have an impact on the failure surface morphology of the new criterion function on the offset surface.

Effect of high-voltage discharge non-thermal plasma on g-C_3N_4 in a plasma-photocatalyst system

The synergistic effect of high voltage discharge non‐thermal plasma(NTP)and photocatalysts on contaminant removal has repeatedly confirmed by plenty of researches.Most previous plasma‐photocatalyst synergistic systems focused on the utilization of the ultraviolet light but ignored the visible light generated by high voltage discharge.Graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C3N4),a metal‐free semiconductor that exhibits high chemical stability,can utilize both the ultraviolet and visible light from high voltage discharge.However,the synergistic system of NTP and g‐C3N4 has been researched little.In this paper,the effect of NTP generated by dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)on g‐C3N4 is studied by comparing the photocatalytic activities,the surface physical structure and the surface chemical characteristics of pristine and plasma treated g‐C3N4.Experimental results indicate that the DBD plasma can change the physical structure and the chemical characteristics and to further affect the photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4.The effect of NTP on g‐C3N4 is associated with the discharge intensity and the discharge time.For a long time scale,the effect of NTP on g‐C3N4 photocatalysts presents a periodic change trend.

Association between Air Pollution and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Developing Countries:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective In recent years,many studies have reported that air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The aim of this systematic review and meta・analysis is to summarize the evidence about the association between exposure to air pollution andT2DM in developing countries.Methods The databases,including PubMed,EMBASE and Web of Science,were systematically searched for studies published up to 31 March 2022.Studies about the association between air pollution andT2DM prevalence or incidence in developing countries were included.The odds ratio(OR)was used as effect estimate.We synthesized the included studies in the meta-analysis.Results We included 8 cross-sectional studies and 8 cohort studies,all conducted in developing countries.Meta-analysis of 8 studies on PM_(2.5)(particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter)showed that T2DM prevalence was significantly associated with PM_(2.5)exposure(OR=1.12;95%CI:1.07,1.17;P<0.001).The association between air pollutants andT2DM incidence was not estimated due to the limited relevant studies.Conclusions The exposure to PM_(2.5)would be positively associated with an increased prevalence of T2DM in developing countries.Some effective measures should be taken to reduce air pollutant exposure in people who are vulnerable to diabetes.

Evaluation and intelligent deployment of coal and coalbed methane coupling coordinated exploitation based on Bayesian network and cuckoo search

Coal and coalbed methane(CBM)coordinated exploitation is a key technology for the safe exploitation of both resources.However,existing studies lack the quantification and evaluation of the degree of coordination between coal mining and coalbed methane extraction.In this study,the concept of coal and coalbed methane coupling coordinated exploitation was proposed,and the corresponding evaluation model was established using the Bayesian principle.On this basis,the objective function of coal and coalbed methane coordinated exploitation deployment was established,and the optimal deployment was determined through a cuckoo search.The results show that clarifying the coupling coordinated level of coal and coalbed methane resource exploitation in coal mines is conducive to adjusting the deployment plan in advance.The case study results show that the evaluation and intelligent deployment method proposed in this paper can effectively evaluate the coupling coordinated level of coal and coalbed methane resource exploitation and intelligently optimize the deployment of coal mine operations.The optimization results demonstrate that the safe and efficient exploitation of coal and CBM resources is promoted,and coal mining and coalbed methane extraction processes show greater cooperation.The observations and findings of this study provide a critical reference for coal mine resource exploitation in the future.

Length matters:Scalable fast encrypted internet traffic service classification based on multiple protocol data unit length sequence with composite deep learning

As an essential function of encrypted Internet traffic analysis,encrypted traffic service classification can support both coarse-grained network service traffic management and security supervision.However,the traditional plaintext-based Deep Packet Inspection(DPI)method cannot be applied to such a classification.Moreover,machine learning-based existing methods encounter two problems during feature selection:complex feature overcost processing and Transport Layer Security(TLS)version discrepancy.In this paper,we consider differences between encryption network protocol stacks and propose a composite deep learning-based method in multiprotocol environments using a sliding multiple Protocol Data Unit(multiPDU)length sequence as features by fully utilizing the Markov property in a multiPDU length sequence and maintaining suitability with a TLS-1.3 environment.Control experiments show that both Length-Sensitive(LS)composite deep learning model using a capsule neural network and LS-long short time memory achieve satisfactory effectiveness in F1-score and performance.Owing to faster feature extraction,our method is suitable for actual network environments and superior to state-of-the-art methods.

Morphological evolution and flow conduction characteristics of fracture channels in fractured sandstone under cyclic loading and unloading

In coal mining,rock strata are fractured under cyclic loading and unloading to form fracture channels.Fracture channels are the main flow narrows for gas.Therefore,expounding the flow conductivity of fracture channels in rocks on fluids is significant for gas flow in rock strata.In this regard,graded incremental cyclic loading and unloading experiments were conducted on sandstones with different initial stress levels.Then,the three-dimensional models for fracture channels in sandstones were established.Finally,the fracture channel percentages were used to reflect the flow conductivity of fracture channels.The study revealed how the particle size distribution of fractured sandstone affects the formation and expansion of fracture channels.It was found that a smaller proportion of large blocks and a higher proportion of small blocks after sandstone fails contribute more to the formation of fracture channels.The proportion of fracture channels in fractured rock can indicate the flow conductivity of those channels.When the proportion of fracture channels varies gently,fluids flow evenly through those channels.However,if the proportion of fracture channels varies significantly,it can greatly affect the flow rate of fluids.The research results contribute to revealing the morphological evolution and flow conductivity of fracture channels in sandstone and then provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the gas flow pattern in the rock strata of coal mines.

工作细菌——胃中的酸碱攻防战

讲述了主人公小明感染幽门螺旋杆菌、检测幽门螺旋杆菌到治疗的全过程。介绍了胃壁细胞抵御胃酸伤害的方法,幽门螺旋杆菌在胃酸中的生存方式、检测手段以及治疗幽门螺旋杆菌感染的方法。

Multifunctional and Reconfigurable Electronic Fabrics Assisted by Artificial Intelligence for Human Augmentation

Noninvasive human augmentation,namely a desirable approach for enhancing the quality of life,can be achieved through wearable electronic devices that interact with the external environment.Wearable electronic devices endure limitations,such as unreliable signal interaction when bent or deformed,excessive wiring requirements,and lack of programmability and multifunctionality.Herein,we report an intelligent and programmable(IP)fabric sensor with bending insensitivity that overcomes these challenges associated with a rapid response time(<400μs)and exceptional durability(>20,000 loading-unloading cycles).A single-layer parallel electrical bilateral structure is utilized to design the IP fabric sensor with reconfigurability and only two electrodes,which caters to the requirement of stable interactions and simple wiring.The multifunctionality of the IP fabric sensor is demonstrated by designing a closed-loop interactive entertainment system,a smart home system,and a user identification and verification system.This integrated system reveals the potential of combining Internet of Things technology and artificial intelligence(AI).Hopefully,the integration of the noninvasive IP fabric sensor with AI will facilitate the advancement of interactive systems for human augmentation.

War and liar:a semiotic account of metaphors in the reports on the discharge of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water in Chinese media

The release of nuclear wastewater by Japan has generated strong opposition from Japanese citizens,governments of neighboring countries,and global environmental advocates.China,representing the concerns of neighboring countries,has underscored the illicit and detrimental nature of this action.This study explores the metaphors employed in Chinese media regarding the discharge of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water.Based on the self-built corpus,we reveal the rhetorical motives underlying the metaphors,drawing on the framework of critical metaphor analysis.The study centers on two major metaphors-war and liar metaphors-in the discourse of two Chinese official media,China Daily and People’s Daily Online.It is found that according to Chinese media,initiating and protesting the discharge of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water is a war;and that the Japanese government and TEPCO are liars.The metaphor choices reflect China’s stance of opposition and condemnation against the discharge and its intention of uncovering deceptive and misleading information.

The Rhinolophus affinis bat ACE2 and multiple animal orthologs are functional receptors for bat coronavirus RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-2

Bat coronavirus(CoV)RaTG13 shares the highest genome sequence identity with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)among all known coronaviruses,and also uses human angiotensin converting enzyme 2(hACE2)for virus entry.Thus,SARS-CoV-2 is thought to have originated from bat.However,whether SARS-CoV-2 emerged from bats directly or through an intermediate host remains elusive.Here,we found that Rhinolophus affinis bat ACE2(Ra ACE2)is an entry receptor for both SARSCoV-2 and Ra TG13,although the binding of Ra ACE2 to the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of SARSCoV-2 is markedly weaker than that of h ACE2.We further evaluated the receptor activities of ACE2 s from additional 16 diverse animal species for Ra TG13,SARS-CoV,and SARS-CoV-2 in terms of S protein binding,membrane fusion,and pseudovirus entry.We found that the Ra TG13 spike(S)protein is significantly less fusogenic than SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2,and seven out of sixteen different ACE2 s function as entry receptors for all three viruses,indicating that all three viruses might have broad host rages.Of note,Ra TG13 S pseudovirions can use mouse,but not pangolin ACE2,for virus entry,whereas SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions can use pangolin,but not mouse,ACE2 enter cells efficiently.Mutagenesis analysis revealed that residues 484 and 498 in Ra TG13 and SARS-CoV-2 S proteins play critical roles in recognition of mouse and human ACE2 s.Finally,two polymorphous Rhinolophous sinicus bat ACE2 s showed different susceptibilities to virus entry by Ra TG13 and SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions,suggesting possible coevolution.Our results offer better understanding of the mechanism of coronavirus entry,host range,and virushost coevolution.

Clickable rhodamine spirolactam based spontaneously blinking probe for super-resolution imaging

Spontaneously blinking probe, which switches between dark and bright state without UV or external additives, is extremely attractive in super resolution imaging of live cells. Herein, a clickable rhodamine spirolactam probe, Atto565-Tet, is rationally constructed for spontaneously blinking after biorthogonal labelling and successfully applied to super resolution imaging of mitochondria and lysosomes.

Genome sequencing reveals the role of rare genomic variants in Chinese patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease

Objectives The predisposition of intracranial atherosclerotic disease(ICAD)to East Asians over Caucasians infers a genetic basis which,however,remains largely unknown.Higher prevalence of vascular risk factors(VRFs)in Chinese over Caucasian patients who had a stroke,and shared risk factors of ICAD with other stroke subtypes indicate genes related to VRFs and/or other stroke subtypes may also contribute to ICAD.Methods Unrelated symptomatic patients with ICAD were recruited for genome sequencing(GS,60-fold).Rare and potentially deleterious single-nucleotide variants(SNVs)and small insertions/deletions(InDels)were detected in genome-wide and correlated to genes related to VRFs and/or other stroke subtypes.Rare aneuploidies,copy number variants(CNVs)and chromosomal structural rearrangements were also investigated.Lastly,candidate genes were used for pathway and gene ontology enrichment analysis.Results Among 92 patients(mean age at stroke onset 61.0±9.3 years),GS identified likely ICAD-associated rare genomic variants in 54.3%(50/92)of patients.Forty-eight patients(52.2%,48/92)had 59 rare SNVs/InDels reported or predicted to be deleterious in genes related to VRFs and/or other stroke subtypes.None of the 59 rare variants were identified in local subjects without ICAD(n=126).31 SNVs/InDels were related to conventional VRFs,and 28 were discovered in genes related to other stroke subtypes.Our study also showed that rare CNVs(n=7)and structural rearrangement(a balanced translocation)were potentially related to ICAD in 8.7%(8/92)of patients.Lastly,candidate genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to lipoprotein metabolism and cellular lipid catabolic process.Conclusions Our GS study suggests a role of rare genomic variants with various variant types contributing to the development of ICAD in Chinese patients.

Weakly supervised temporal action localization with proxy metric modeling

Temporal localization is crucial for action video recognition.Since the manual annotations are expensive and time-consuming in videos,temporal localization with weak video-level labels is challenging but indispensable.In this paper,we propose a weakly-supervised temporal action localization approach in untrimmed videos.To settle this issue,we train the model based on the proxies of each action class.The proxies are used to measure the distances between action segments and different original action features.We use a proxy-based metric to cluster the same actions together and separate actions from backgrounds.Compared with state-of-the-art methods,our method achieved competitive results on the THUMOS14 and ActivityNet1.2 datasets.

Occurrence and Removal of Antibiotic Resistance in Nationwide Hospital Wastewater Deciphered by Metagenomics Approach-China,2018-2022

Summary What is already known about this topic?Hospital wastewater represents a significant conduit for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),including those that are of clinical importance.Yet,the variation in antibiotic resistance on a national level,which can be influenced by regional differences,has not been thoroughly elucidated.