NIR-II fluorescence imaging in liver tumor surgery: A narrative review

In liver tumor surgery,the recognition of tumor margin and radical resection of microcancer focis have always been the crucial points to reduce postoperative recurrence of tumor.However,naked-eye inspection and palpation have limited effectiveness in identifying tumor boundaries,and traditional imaging techniques cannot consistently locate tumors in real time.As an intraoperative real-time navigation imaging method,NIRfluorescence imaging has been extensively studied for its simplicity,reliable safety,and superior sensitivity,and is expected to improve the accuracy of liver tumor surgery.In recent years,the research focus of NIRfluorescence has gradually shifted from the-rst near-infrared window(NIR-I,700–900 nm)to the second near-infrared window(NIR-II,1000–1700 nm).Fluorescence imaging in NIR-II reduces the scattering effect of deep tissue,providing a preferable detection depth and spatial resolution while signi-cantly eliminating liver autofluorescence background to clarify tumor margin.Developingfluorophores combined with tumor antibodies will further improve the precision offluorescence-guided surgical navigation.With the development of a bunch offluorophores with phototherapy ability,NIR-II can integrate tumor detection and treatment to explore a new therapeutic strategy for liver cancer.Here,we review the recent progress of NIR-IIfluorescence technology in liver tumor surgery and discuss its challenges and potential development direction.

Implantation of hydrogel-liposome nanoplatform inhibits glioblastoma relapse by inducing ferroptosis

Glioblastoma is acknowledged as the most aggressive cerebral tumor in adults.However,the efficacy of current standard therapy is seriously undermined by drug resistance and suppressive immune microenvironment.Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of iron-dependent cell death that may have excellent prospect as chemosensitizer.The utilization of ferropotosis inducer Erastin could significantly mediate chemotherapy sensitization of Temozolomide and exert anti-tumor effects in glioblastoma.In this study,a combination of hydrogel-liposome nanoplatform encapsulatedwith Temozolomide and ferroptosis inducer Erastin was constructed.Theαvβ3 integrin-binding peptide cyclic RGD was utilized to modify codelivery system to achieve glioblastoma targeting strategy.As biocompatible drug reservoirs,cross-linked GelMA(gelatin methacrylamide)hydrogel and cRGD-coated liposome realized the sustained release of internal contents.In the modified intracranial tumor resection model,GelMA-liposome system achieved slow release of Temozolomide and Erastin in situ for more than 14 d.The results indicated that nanoplatform(T+E@LPs-cRGD+GelMA)improved glioblastoma sensitivity to chemotherapeutic temozolomide and exerted satisfactory anti-tumor effects.It was demonstrated that the induction of ferroptosis could be utilized as a therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance.Furthermore,transcriptome sequencing was conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism that the nanoplatform(T+E@LPs-cRGD+GelMA)implicated in.It is suggested that GelMA-liposome system participated in the immune response and immunomodulation of glioblastoma via interferon/PD-L1 pathway.Collectively,this study proposed a potential combinatory therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma treatment.

Design and Research of a New Type of Ultrasonic Vibration De-Gluing Device

In this paper, a new type of ultrasonic vibration de-gluing device has been designed to remove the cured epoxy resin adhesive that overflowed from the aluminum alloy structural parts in the high-speed train carriages. At present, manual removal is used to remove the cured epoxy resin adhesive that overflows at the bonding site. This method has low removal efficiency and leads to poor surface quality of the parts. The new type of ultrasonic vibration de-gluing device can solve these problems. Modal analysis and harmonic response analysis are carried out on the ultrasonic vibration oscillator system in the ultrasonic vibration de-gluing device, and the reasonable structure parameters and resonance frequency of the ultrasonic vibration oscillator system are determined. Finally, the impedance test and de-gluing effect test are carried out on the prototype of the ultrasonic vibration de-gluing device to verify the feasibility and practicability of the new type of ultrasonic vibration de-gluing device. The results show that the ultrasonic vibration de-gluing device’s stable resonant operating frequency is 28,270 Hz, and the average error between the simulation and experimental results of the resonant operating frequency is less than 3%, which validates the simulation model.

血脂代谢与胃癌发病风险相关性的病例对照研究

目的:探讨血脂代谢水平与胃癌发生发展的相关性。方法:选取2016年3月至2017年6月天津医科大学肿瘤医院诊治的1072例胃癌患者与同期1084例健康人群进行病例-对照研究,检测血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein,HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein,LDL)水平,采用单因素及多因素分析探讨血脂代谢水平与胃癌发病风险及临床病理特征的关系。结果:胃癌患者血清中的TG、LDL水平均高于对照组,HDL低于对照组;男性胃癌患者LDL高于对照组,HDL低于对照组;女性胃癌患者血清中的TG、LDL高于对照组,HDL低于对照组(均P<0.05)。胃癌患者HDL、LDL水平与胃癌的发病风险显著相关;男性中HDL及LDL,女性中TG、HDL及LDL分别与胃癌的发病风险显著相关。胃癌患者中,TG及TC升高常见于远端胃癌及分期较早的患者;HDL降低多见于低、未分化胃癌。男性中,TG升高多见于分期较早的患者;HDL降低多见于低、未分化胃癌。女性中,TC增高更常见于分期较早的患者(均P<0.05)。结论:胃癌患者血脂水平高于健康对照组,与胃癌的发病风险显著相关。在胃癌患者中随着疾病的进展,患者肿瘤消耗增多、营养状态持续下降,血脂水平逐渐降低。

Comprehensive evaluation of 5G+smart distribution network based on combined weighting method-cloud model

With the large-scale application of 5G technology in smart distribution networks,the operation effects of distribution networks are not clear.Herein,we propose a comprehensive evaluation model of a 5G+smart distribution network based on the combination weighting and cloud model of the improved Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy-Entropy Weight Method(FAHP-EWM).First,we establish comprehensive evaluation indexes of a 5G+smart distribution network from five dimensions:reliable operation,economic operation,efficient interaction,technological intelligence,and green emission reduction.Second,by introducing the principle of variance minimization,we propose a combined weighting method based on the improved FAHP-EWM to calculate the comprehensive weight,so as to reduce the defects of subjective arbitrariness and promote objectivity.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation model of 5G+smart distribution network based on cloud model is proposed by considering the uncertainty of distribution network node information and equipment status information.The example analysis indicates that the overall operation of the 5G+smart distribution network project is decent,and the weight value calculated by the combined weighting method is more reasonable and accurate than that calculated by the single weighting method,which verifies the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed evaluation method.Moreover,the proposed evaluation method has a certain guiding role for the large-scale application of 5G communication technology in smart distribution networks.

Development of a data acquisition and control system for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor neutron flux monitor

To satisfy high-precision,widc-rangc,and real-time neutron flux measurement requirements by the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITF.R),a data acquisition and control system based on fission chamber detectors and fast controller technology,has been developed for neutron flux monitor in ITER Equatorial Port#7.The signal processing units which arc based on a field programmable gate array and the PXI Express platform arc designed to realize the neutron flux measurement with I ms time resolution and a fast response less than 0.2 ms,together with real-time timestamps provided by a timing hoard.The application of the wide-range algorithm allows the system to measure up to 10^10cps with a relative error of less than 5%.Furthermore,the system is managed and controlled by a software based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System,compliant with COntrol.Data Access and Communication architecture.

A novel digital neutron flux monitor for international thermonuclear experimental reactor

A novel full-digital real-time neutron flux monitor（NFM） has been developed for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.A measurement range of 10~9 counts per second is achieved with 3 different sensitive fission chambers.The Counting mode and Campbelling mode have been combined as a means to achieve higher measurement range.The system is based on high speed as well as parallel and pipeline processing of the field programmable gate array and has the ability to upload raw-data of analog-to-digital converter in real-time through the PXIe platform.With the advantages of the measurement range,real time performance and the ability of raw-data uploading,the digital NFM has been tested in HL-2 A experiments and reflected good experimental performance.

Extended Bonner sphere spectrometer for dynamic neutron spectrum on HL-2A

The extended Bonner sphere spectrometer （EBSS） at the HL-2A tokamak for the neutron spectrum is described. This device was developed on the basis of previous Bonner sphere spectrometry （BSS）, aiming to obtain a more accurate neutron spectrum in the HL-2A tokamak hall. The previous BSS contained eight Bonner spheres （BS）. This EBSS contains 13 3He-filled detectors embedded in polyethylene spheres （PS）, pre-amplifiers, and a parallel processing data acquisition system （DAQ）. A response matrix is simulated in Geant4 taking the effect of the environment into account.

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure

Premature ovarian failure refers to a disease in which women usually present with amenorrhea,infertility,decreased estrogen secretion,and increased gonadotropin before the age of 40.It seriously endangers women’s health,making them prone to various endocrine reproductive and even systemic disorders.Its pathogenesis remains unclear;however,it may be related to genetic,immune,enzyme deficiency,iatrogenic,cyclin,psychology,and other factors.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that its etiology is related to the kidney,liver,and spleen.It can be divided into kidney deficiency and liver depression syndrome,liver and kidney Yin deficiency syndrome,spleen and kidney Yang deficiency syndrome,and so on.Traditional Chinese medicine is mainly made up of oral Chinese medicine,acupuncture,and other therapies.Through literature research,this paper discusses the etiology,pathological mechanism,and treatment of premature ovarian failure in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.

Bacterial community network complexity and role of stochasticity decrease during primary succession

In microbial ecology,there is limited understanding of the mechanisms governing patterns in community structure across space and time.Here,we studied the changes of bacterial co-occurrence network structure over four primary successional soils after glacier retreat,including a sand dune system and three glacier foreland series,varying in timescale from centuries to millennia.We found that in all series,network structure was most complex in the earliest stages of succession,and became simpler over time.Richness and abundance of keystone species and network stability also declined over time.It appears that with less productive,nutrient poor and physiologically extreme conditions of early succession,closer interactions among bacterial species are ecologically selected for.These may take the form of consortia(with positive interactions)or stronger niche exclusion(with negative interactions).Additionally,we quantified the relative roles of different structuring processes on bacterial community using a bin-based null model analysis(iCAMP).With each successional series,community composition was initially governed by stochasticity,but as succession proceeded there was a progressive increase in deterministic selection over time,correlated with decreasing pH.Overall,our results show a consistency among the four series in long-term processes of community succession,with more integrated networks and greater stochasticity in early stages.

Biguanide chitosan microneedles with cell-free DNA scavenging ability for psoriasis therapy

High levels of cell-free DNA(cfDNA)induce psoriasis.Currently,the treatment of psoriasis has the disadvantages of penetration difficulty,suppression of normal immunity,and skin irritation.In this study,biguanide chitosan microneedles(BGC-MNs)were prepared to treat psoriasis by removing cfDNA from the dermis through the skin barrier.The effects of chitosan with different bisguanidine contents on DNA-binding capacity,biocompatibility,and inflammation inhibition were compared,revealing that chitosan containing 20%bisguanidine(BGC2)was found to have the best overall performance.In vitro,BGC2 effectively cleared cfDNA and inhibited the production of inflammatory factors.BGC-MN made from BGC2 had good mechanical and solubility properties.In vivo,BGC-MNs cleared cfDNA,reduced the level of inflammatory factors in the dermis,and exerted a good therapeutic effect on mice with psoriasis.These results suggested that BGC-MNs provided a new approach to treating psoriasis in terms of scavenging cfDNA and exerting anti-inflammatory effects.

Experimental models for cancer brain metastasis

Brain metastases are a leading cause of cancer-related mortality.However,progress in their treatment has been limited over the past decade,due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms.Employing accurate in vitro and in vivo models to recapitulate the complexities of brain metastasis offers the most promising approach to unravel the intricate cellular and physiological processes involved.Here,we present a comprehensive review of the currently accessible models for studying brain metastasis.We introduce a diverse array of in vitro and in vivo models,including cultured cells using the Transwell system,organoids,microfluidic models,syngeneic models,xenograft models,and genetically engineered models.We have also provided a concise summary of the merits and limitations inherent to each model while identifying the optimal contexts for their effective utilization.This review serves as a comprehensive resource,aiding researchers in making well-informed decisions regarding model selection that align with specific research questions.

Fabricating multi-porous carbon anode with remarkable initial coulombic efficiency and enhanced rate capability for sodium-ion batteries

Due to the abundant sodium reserves and high safety,sodium ion batteries(SIBs)are foreseen a promising future.While,hard carbon materials are very suitable for the anode of SIBs owing to their structure and cost advantages.However,the unsatisfactory initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)is one of the crucial blemishes of hard carbon materials and the slow sodium storage kinetics also hinders their wide application.Herein,with spherical nano SiO_(2)as pore-forming agent,gelatin and polytetrafluoroethylene as carbon sources,a multi-porous carbon(MPC)material can be easily obtained via a co-pyrolysis method,by which carbonization and template removal can be achieved synchronously without the assistance of strong acids or strong bases.As a result,the MPC anode exhibited remarkable ICE of 83%and a high rate capability(208 m Ah/g at 5 A/g)when used in sodium-ion half cells.Additionally,coupling with Na3V2(PO4)3as the cathode to assemble full cells,the as-fabricated MPC//NVP full cell delivered a good rate capability(146 m Ah/g at 5 A/g)as well,implying a good application prospect the MPC anode has.

会阴部动静脉畸形误诊为会阴疝二例

动静脉畸形,也称蔓状血管瘤,是一种高流量的先天性血管畸形,由扩张的动脉和静脉组成,异常的动静脉之间缺乏正常毛细血管床[1]。本病最常见的发病部位是颅脑,其次依序为头部、颈部、四肢、躯干和内脏器官[2]。会阴部发病者临床罕见,且因部位的特殊性,瘤体可因腹压增大盆底下降而突出,腹压减小盆底相对上升而回缩,从而具有可复性肿物的临床表现,容易被误诊为会阴疝[3]。现将北京中医药大学东直门医院收治的2例误诊为会阴疝的会阴部动静脉畸形报道如下。

A High-Resolution Measurement Method for Inner and Outer 3D Surface Profiles of Laser Fusion Targets Using a Laser Differential Confocal–Atomic Force Probe Technique

The high-resolution and nondestructive co-reference measurement of the inner and outer threedimensional(3D)surface profiles of laser fusion targets is difficult to achieve.In this study,we propose a laser differential confocal(LDC)–atomic force probe(AFP)method to measure the inner and outer 3D surface profiles of laser fusion targets at a high resolution.This method utilizes the LDC method to detect the deflection of the AFP and exploits the high spatial resolution of the AFP to enhance the spatial resolution of the outer profile measurement.Nondestructive and co-reference measurements of the inner profile of a target were achieved using the tomographic characteristics of the LDC method.Furthermore,by combining multiple repositionings of the target using a horizontal slewing shaft,the inner and outer 3D surface profiles of the target were obtained,along with a power spectrum assessment of the entire surface.The experimental results revealed that the respective axial and lateral resolutions of the outer profile measurement were 0.5 and 1.3 nm,while the respective axial and lateral resolutions of the inner profile measurement were 2.0 nm and approximately 400.0 nm.The repeatabilities of the rootmean-square deviation measurements for the outer and inner profiles of the target were 2.6 and 2.4 nm,respectively.We believe our study provides a promising method for the high-resolution and nondestructive co-reference measurement of the inner and outer 3D profiles of laser fusion targets.

Hem-o-lok-free and Retzius-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with retrograde release of the neurovascular bundle

Background:Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(RARP)has gradually become the standard surgical procedure for prostate cancer.This video,aimed to demonstrate a new and improved surgical approach for prostate cancerthat passes through the pouch of Douglas and allows retrograde release of the neurovascular bundle(NVB).The technique is Hem-o-lok-free and Retzius-sparing and is performed without opening the pelvic floor fascia during RARP.Methods:A 69-year-old man was diagnosed with prostate cancer(clinical stage T2bN0M0).We followed the process of Retzius-sparing RARP[published by Galfano et al.in 2013]and did some modification.The critical technical points associated with this technique included locating the fascial layer at the prostatic apex and performing complete retrograde release of the NVB along the anatomical structure.We used diathermy to perform precision hemostasis on large vessels,especially those around the basal part of prostate,with relatively less damage.In addition,Hem-o-lok was not used in this procedure.Results:Negative surgical margin and stage T2bN0M0 were confirmed.Continence was achieved immediately after catheter removal.One month after surgery,prostate specific antigen was undetectable.Erectile function was preserved 3 months postoperatively.Conclusions:Hem-o-lok-free and Retzius-sparing RARP is a feasible surgical approach that combines the benefits of complete retrograde release of the NVB,preserving the nerves and vascular structures around the prostate,protecting the pelvic floor structure,and ensuring rapid recovery of micturition control.