Construction of Dynamic Alloy Interfaces for Uniform Li Deposition in Li-Metal Batteries

It is well accepted that a lithiophilic interface can effectively regulate Li deposition behaviors,but the influence of the lithiophilic interface is gradually diminished upon continuous Li deposition that completely isolates Li from the lithiophilic metals.Herein,we perform in-depth studies on the creation of dynamic alloy interfaces upon Li deposition,arising from the exceptionally high diffusion coefficient of Hg in the amalgam solid solution.As a comparison,other metals such as Au,Ag,and Zn have typical diffusion coefficients of 10-20 orders of magnitude lower than that of Hg in the similar solid solution phases.This difference induces compact Li deposition pattern with an amalgam substrate even with a high areal capacity of 55 mAh cm^(-2).This finding provides new insight into the rational design of Li anode substrate for the stable cycling of Li metal batteries.

NbN quantum dots anchored hollow carbon nanorods as efficient polysulfide immobilizer and lithium stabilizer for Li-S full batteries

The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth seriously hinder the practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.To simultaneously address such issues,monodispersed Nb N quantum dots anchored on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanorods(NbN@NHCR)are elaborately developed as efficient Li PSs immobilizer and Li stabilizer for high-performance Li-S full batteries.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that the sulfiphilic and lithiophilic NbN@NHCR hybrid can not only efficiently immobilize the soluble Li PSs and facilitate diffusion-conversion kinetics for alleviating the shuttling effect,but also homogenize the distribution of Li+ions and regulate uniform Li deposition for suppressing Li-dendrite growth.As a result,the assembled Li-S full batteries(NbN@NHCR-S||Nb N@NHCR-Li)deliver excellent long-term cycling stability with a low decay rate of 0.031%per cycle over 1000 cycles at high rate of 2 C.Even at a high S loading of 5.8 mg cm^(-2)and a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5.2μL mg^(-1),a large areal capacity of 6.2 mA h cm^(-2)can be achieved in Li-S pouch cell at 0.1 C.This study provides a new perspective via designing a dual-functional sulfiphilic and lithiophilic hybrid to address serious issues of the shuttle effect of S cathode and dendrite growth of Li anode.

CRISPR/CasRx-mediated resistance to Soybean mosaic virus in soybean

Soybean mosaic virus(SMV),an RNA virus,is the most common and destructive pathogenic virus in soybean fields.The newly developed CRISPR/Cas immune system has provided a novel strategy for improving plant resistance to viruses;hence,this study aimed to engineer SMV resistance in soybean using this system.Specifically,multiple sgRNAs were designed to target positive-and/or negative-sense strands of the SMV HC-Pro gene.Subsequently,the corresponding CRISPR/CasRx vectors were constructed and transformed into soybeans.After inoculation with SMV,39.02%,35.77%,and 18.70%of T_(1)plants were confirmed to be highly resistant(HR),resistant(R),and mildly resistant(MR)to SMV,respectively,whereas only 6.50%were identified as susceptible(S).Additionally,qRT-PCR and DAS-ELISA showed that,both at 15 and 30 d post-inoculation(dpi),SMV accumulation significantly decreased or was even undetectable in HR and R plants,followed by MR and S plants.Additionally,the expression level of the CasRx gene varied in almost all T_(1)plants with different resistance level,both at 15 and 30 dpi.Furthermore,when SMV resistance was evaluated in the T_(2)generation,the results were similar to those recorded for the T_(1)generation.These findings provide new insights into the application of the CRISPR/CasRx system for soybean improvement and offer a promising alternative strategy for breeding for resistance to biotic stress that will contribute to the development of SMV-immune soybean germplasm to accelerate progress towards greater soybean crop productivity.

紫外-可见分光光度法测定含铜废水中的铜离子

设计了一个通过紫外-可见分光光度法检测含铜废水中铜离子含量的本科教学实验。该实验基于芬顿反应原理,检测液中铜离子的存在可催化过氧化氢分解产生羟基自由基,后者将溶液中无色的3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)氧化为黄色的TMB^(2+),利用TMB^(2+)在452 nm处的吸光度,即可实现对含铜废水中铜离子的定量分析。本实验操作简便、测定时间短、稳定性较好且安全环保,符合本科教学实验的基本要求。

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法用于不锈钢保温杯浸出液中金属离子的测定

设计了一个利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定保温杯浸出液中金属离子的本科生仪器分析实验。以保温杯浸出液为检测对象,能极大激发学生实验兴趣,引导学生学以致用并进行深入探究,提高实验操作能力,培养团队协作精神。本实验内容及流程完整,实验试剂及过程安全绿色,实验样品处理快速简便,实验用时合理,适合本科实验教学。

Characteristics investigation of Yb^(3+):YAG crystals for optical refrigeration

Yb^(3+):YAG crystal is one excellent material for developing high-power radiation-balanced lasers(RBLs).An experimental study of the laser cooling performances of YAG crystals with various doping Yb^(3+)concentrations,especially for application of RBLs,is reported here.With improved Yb^(3+)doping concentration in YAG crystal,though the resonance absorption coefficient increases,the corresponding external quantum efficiency has been found to decrease with the average fluorescence wavelength being red shifted,which is detrimental to anti-Stokes fluorescence(ASF)cooling.The decrease of the external quantum efficiency can cause the first zero crossing wavelength to red shift,which is not conducive to RBLs.Based on the comprehensive study of the cooling characteristics of the series of Yb^(3+)-doped YAG crystals,the optimal Yb3+doping concentration for ASF cooling has been suggested.

Changing regularity of plant and insect community characteristics due to pest outbreaks in Larix principis- rupprechtii plantations

Research has indicated that simple forest eco-system composition,structure and diversity have uncompli-cated community relationships and insufficient pest control capabilities.To investigate changing characteristics of plant and insect communities in under pest outbreaks in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations,the research areas were defined as mature(48–50 years)and young(24–29 years)infested stands along with healthy stands.The results show a reduction in the complexity and diversity of plant communi-ties and herbaceous plant guilds(polycultures of beneficial plants)and the complexity and dominance of insect com-munities,especially natural insect enemies.The results also show the relative simplicity of the main factors of commu-nity change and development that represent the characteris-tics of pest outbreaks in L.principis-rupprechtii plantations.The complexity and diversity of plant communities,particu-larly herbaceous plant guilds play a fundamental role in the regulation and development in forest ecosystems.

肩关节Hill-Sachs损伤的诊疗现状

作为人体活动范围最大的关节,肩关节有着最高的脱位发生率。据报道,在美国每年每十万人中就有11~51人自诉发生过肩关节脱位[1,2,3],其中,肩关节前脱位占绝大多数(95%~97%)[4]。肩关节前脱位在临床工作中十分常见,常因外伤引起,当手臂外旋外展时,由于肱骨头被动向前推,肩部的关节囊结构被拉伸导致撕裂,肱骨头进一步向前和向下平移导致脱出,该过程中常常伴随Hill-Sachs损伤(Hill-Sachs lesions,HSLs)[2]。