Triphenylphosphine-Assisted Exsolution Engineering on Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites for Promoting Oxygen Evolution

Metal exsolution engineering has been regarded as a promising strategy for activating intrinsically inert perovskite oxide catalysts toward efficient oxygen evolution reaction.Traditional metal exsolution processes on perovskites are often achieved by using the reducing hydrogen gas;however,this is not effective for the relatively stable phase,such as Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite oxides.To address this issue,triphenylphosphine is proposed to be a reduction promotor for accelerating the reduction and migration of the target metal atoms,aiming to achieve the effective exsolution of metallic species from Ruddlesden-Popper-type parent perovskites.Upon oxygen evolution reaction,these exsolved metallic aggregates are reconstructed into oxyhydroxides as the real active centers.After further modification by lowpercentage iridium oxide nanoclusters,the optimal catalyst delivered an overpotential as low as 305 mV for generating the density of 10 mA cm^(-2),outperforming these reported noble metal-containing perovskite-based alkaline oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts.This work provides a potential approach to activate catalytically inert oxides through promoting surface metal exsolution and explores a novel class of Ruddlesden-Poppertype oxides for electrocatalytic applications.

Fine-mapping of a candidate gene for web blotch resistance in Arachis hypogaea L.

Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is a globally important oil crop.Web blotch is one of the most important foliar diseases affecting peanut,which results in serious yield losses worldwide.Breeding web blotch-resistant peanut varieties is the most effective and economically viable method for minimizing yield losses due to web blotch.In the current study,a bulked segregant analysis with next-generation sequencing was used to analyze an F2:3 segregating population and identify candidate loci related to web blotch resistance.Based on the fine-mapping of the candidate genomic interval using kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers,we identified a novel web blotch resistance-related locus spanning approximately 169 kb on chromosome 16.This region included four annotated genes,of which only Arahy.35VVQ3 had a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region between the two parents.Two markers(Chr.16.12872635 and Chr.16.12966357)linked to this gene were shown to be co-segregated with the resistance of peanut web blotch by 72 randomly selected recombinant inbred lines(RIL),which could be used in marker-assisted breeding of resistant peanut varieties.

Publisher Correction to:Strongly Coupled 2D Transition Metal Chalcogenide‑MXene‑Carbonaceous Nanoribbon Heterostructures with Ultrafast Ion Transport for Boosting Sodium/Potassium Ions Storage

Due to the technical fault,a wrong version of the paper was uploaded.The content of the article was not affected,but the layout of the article was affected.The original article has been corrected.

The mechanism of Callistephus chinensis flavonoid compounds in the treatment of diabetes using network pharmacology and molecular docking

The purpose of this project is used for exploring the mechanism of Callistephus chinensis in the treatment of diabetes by network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.The target of Callistephus chinensis was obtained from SwissTargetPrediction database,while the target related to diabetes was obtained from GeneCards and OMIM databases.The target was added in String database to build the protein interaction network.GO biological process enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out by Metascape software,then the target-pathway network was constructed.Molecular docking was carried out in Discovery Studio 2016 Client software to verify the binding force of Callistephus chinensis flavonoid compounds with key targets.In this study,10 potential active components were selected from the flavonoid monomer compounds of Callistephus chinensis.1847 biological processes(BP),126 cell compositions(CC)and 256 molecular functions(MF)were obtained by GO enrichment analysis;a total of 194 pathways were involved in KEGG enrichment analysis of 192 cross targets.Network analysis showed that quercetin was the main active component of flavonoids in the treatment of diabetes,AKT1,TNF,VEGFA,EGFR,SRC and other related signals were in relation to the treatment of diabetes.This study showed that Callistephus chinensis flavonoid compounds play a role in the treatment of diabetes by regulating multi-target and multi-pathway.

基于NiZn层状双金属氢氧化物制备高效电催化CO_(2)还原的原子分散Ni-N-C催化剂

大气中CO_(2)浓度不断上升导致大量的环境问题,如冰川融化、温室效应、极端天气等,利用电化学方法将CO_(2)经还原反应(CO_(2)RR)转化为有价值的燃料或化学品是解决该问题的可行策略.由于CO_(2)具有稳定的化学键(C=O,806 kJ mol^(-1)),需设计具有优异活性和高选择性的催化剂.近年研究结果表明,过渡金属锚定在N掺杂碳载体上而制得的催化剂(M-N-C)具有较高的原子利用率、独特的活性金属中心电子结构以及存储量丰富,因而被认为是CO_(2)还原为CO的理想电催化剂.目前已经提出了多种方法来制备M-N-C催化剂,包括原子层沉积、基于金属-有机骨架的离子交换、基于载体修饰策略的吸附固化和受限热解.然而,这些方法存在制备过程繁琐或难以大规模生产的问题.同时,采用高温热解制备的M-N-C催化剂,金属活性位点易被其致密的结构包裹,难以完全暴露出来.但有效的活性位点对M-N-C的催化性能起着至关重要的作用,因此有必要研制一种简便、高效的方法来抑制金属原子聚集.超薄二维碳骨架已被证明可以缩短反应物的扩散路径并有利于暴露催化剂活性位点.本文将NiZn层状双金属氢氧化物(NiZn-LDHs)在多羟基化合物中进行剥离形成单层,同时通过控制单层NiZn-LDHs、多羟基化合物和三聚氰胺共同热解,宏量化制得Ni-N-C催化剂.X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明,在焙烧过程中,可通过改变单层NiZn-LDHs在多羟基化合物中的含量控制Ni-N-C材料中镍纳米颗粒的生成;焙烧过程中Zn挥发能使Ni-N-C材料形成更多中孔,增加碳骨架比表面积和孔径.中孔通道和碳基底超薄特性结合可以促进CO_(2)向内部活性位点扩散,增加反应物与活性位点的接触.XPS结果表明,Ni-N-C材料中Ni原子通过与N配位,锚定在超薄碳骨架上,且存在Niδ+中心(0<δ<2).X射线近边吸收和扩展X射线吸收精细结构分析表明,Ni-N-C-1中的Ni处于低价态(0<δ<2),这与XPS分析一致,且Ni为原子级分散;小波变换分析表明,Ni和N的配位数为3.9.利用H型电解池评估Ni-N-C材料电催化CO_(2)还原性能表明,Ni-N-C-1具有优异的CO_(2)还原活性,在-0.6至-1.0 V电位范围内,FE_(CO)都大于90%,且在-4.9 V时,FE_(CO)为95.2%,CO电流密度为24 mA cm^(-2);在-0.8 V电位,工作25 h后Ni-N-C-1的CO电流密度基本保持不变,说明Ni-N-C-1为稳定的CO_(2)RR催化剂.通过密度泛函理论计算研究了Ni-N-C材料电催化CO_(2)还原为CO的电化学演化历程,结果表明,该反应过程分四个步骤:CO_(2)吸附到单个Ni原子位点上;转移形成*COOH的质子/电子对;*COOH在释放H_(2)O的同时获得质子形成*CO;*CO从Ni位点解吸.相应步骤的吉布斯自由能分别为0.54,1.69,-0.99和-0.98 eV.Ni-N-C中Ni原子与配位N原子之间的强相互作用导致Ni原子的电子损失,Ni原子有0.85 e缺陷,周围的N原子有0.15 e堆积,这有利于CO_(2)的吸附.总之,本文采用单层NiZn-LDHs为金属源,开发了一种简便且可宏量化制备CO_(2)RR单原子催化剂的新方法.

Strongly Coupled 2D Transition Metal Chalcogenide-MXene-Carbonaceous Nanoribbon Heterostructures with Ultrafast Ion Transport for Boosting Sodium/Potassium Ions Storage

Combining with the advantages of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials,MXenes have shown great potential in next generation rechargeable batteries.Similar with other 2D materials,MXenes generally suffer severe self-agglomeration,low capacity,and unsatisfied durability,particularly for larger sodium/potassium ions,compromising their practical values.In this work,a novel ternary heterostructure self-assembled from transition metal selenides(MSe,M=Cu,Ni,and Co),MXene nanosheets and N-rich carbonaceous nanoribbons(CNRibs)with ultrafast ion transport properties is designed for sluggish sodium-ion(SIB)and potassium-ion(PIB)batteries.Benefiting from the diverse chemical characteristics,the positively charged MSe anchored onto the electronegative hydroxy(-OH)functionalized MXene surfaces through electrostatic adsorption,while the fungal-derived CNRibs bonded with the other side of MXene through amino bridging and hydrogen bonds.This unique MXene-based heterostructure prevents the restacking of 2D materials,increases the intrinsic conductivity,and most importantly,provides ultrafast interfacial ion transport pathways and extra surficial and interfacial storage sites,and thus,boosts the high-rate storage performances in SIB and PIB applications.Both the quantitatively kinetic analysis and the density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that the interfacial ion transport is several orders higher than that of the pristine MXenes,which delivered much enhanced Na+(536.3 mAh g^(−1)@0.1 A g^(−1))and K^(+)(305.6 mAh g^(−1)@1.0 A g^(−1))storage capabilities and excel-lent long-term cycling stability.Therefore,this work provides new insights into 2D materials engineering and low-cost,but kinetically sluggish post-Li batteries.

QTL mapping of quality traits in peanut using whole-genome resequencing

Oil and protein content and fatty acid composition are quality traits in peanut.Elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying these traits may help researchers to obtain improved cultivars by molecular breeding.Whole-genome resequencing of a recombinant inbred population of 318 lines was performed to construct a high-density linkage map and identify QTL for peanut quality.The map,containing 4561 bin markers,covered 2032 c M with a mean marker density of 0.45 c M.A total of 110 QTL for oil and protein content,and fatty acid composition were mapped on the 18 peanut chromosomes.The QTL q A05.1 was detected in four environments and showed a major phenotypic effect on the contents of oil,protein,and six fatty acids.The genomic region spanned by q A05.1,corresponding to a physical interval of approximately 1.5 Mb,contains two SNPs polymorphic between the parents that could cause missense mutations.The two SNP sites were employed as KASP markers and validated using lines with extremely high and low oil contents.These sites may be useful in the marker-assisted breeding of peanut cultivars with high oil contents.

Conversion of Catalytically Inert 2D Bismuth Oxide Nanosheets for Effective Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysis via Oxygen Vacancy Concentration Modulation

Oxygen vacancies(Vo)in electrocatalysts are closely correlated with the hydrogen evo-lution reaction(HER)activity.The role of vacancy defects and the effect of their concentration,how-ever,yet remains unclear.Herein,Bi2O3,an unfavorable electrocata-lyst for the HER due to a less than ideal hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy(ΔGH*),is utilized as a perfect model to explore the func-tion of Vo on HER performance.Through a facile plasma irradia-tion strategy,Bi2O3 nanosheets with different Vo concentrations are fabricated to evaluate the influence of defects on the HER process.Unexpectedly,while the generated oxygen vacancies contribute to the enhanced HER performance,higher Vo concentrations beyond a saturation value result in a significant drop in HER activity.By tunning the Vo concentration in the Bi_(2)O_(3)nanosheets via adjusting the treatment time,the Bi2O3 catalyst with an optimized oxygen vacancy concentration and detectable charge carrier concentration of 1.52×10^(24)cm^(−3)demonstrates enhanced HER performance with an overpotential of 174.2 mV to reach 10 mA cm^(−2),a Tafel slope of 80 mV dec−1,and an exchange current density of 316 mA cm−2 in an alkaline solution,which approaches the top-tier activity among Bi-based HER electrocatalysts.Density-functional theory calculations confirm the preferred adsorption of H*onto Bi2O3 as a function of oxygen chemical potential(ΔμO)and oxygen partial potential(PO2)and reveal that high Vo concentrations result in excessive stability of adsorbed hydrogen and hence the inferior HER activity.This study reveals the oxygen vacancy concentration-HER catalytic activity relationship and provides insights into activating catalytically inert materials into highly efficient electrocatalysts.

2D/2D Heterostructures:Rational Design for Advanced Batteries and Electrocatalysis

Two-dimensional/two-dimensional(2D/2D)heterostructures consisting of two or more 2D building blocks possess intriguing electronic features at the nanosized interfacial regions,endowing the possibility for effectively modulating the confinement,and transport of charge carriers,excitons,photons,phonons,etc.to bring about a wide range of extraordinary physical,chemical,thermal,and/or mechanical properties.By rational design and synthesis of 2D/2D heterostructures,electrochemical properties for advanced batteries and electrocatalysis can be well regulated to meet some practical requirements.In this review,a summary on the commonly employed synthetic strategies for 2D/2D heterostructures is first given,followed by a comprehensive review on recent progress for their applications in batteries and various electrocatalysis reactions.Finally,a critical outlook on the current challenges and promising solutions is presented,which is expected to offer some insightful ideas on the design principles of advanced 2D-based nanomaterials to address the current challenges in sustainable energy storages and green fuel generations.

Identification of a stable major QTL for fresh-seed germination on chromosome Arahy.04 in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

Fresh-seed germination(FSG)impairs peanut production,especially in areas where the peanut harvest season coincides with rainy weather.Developing FSG-resistant cultivars by molecular breeding is expected to mitigate yield loss and quality impairment caused by FSG.However,the genetic control of FSG awaits elucidation.In this study,FSG at 1,3,5,7,and 9 days post-imbibition in three environments were tested,and quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with FSG were mapped in a peanut recombinant inbred line population by leveraging existing high-density peanut genetic maps.Of 24 QTL identified in 13 linkage groups,qFSGA04 was a stable major QTL on linkage group 04(LG04).It was consistently detected in five germination stages and three environments.By designing and validating DNA markers in the confidence interval of qFSGA04,we identified one single-nucleotide polymorphism and one In Del closely associated with FSG that could be used as linked markers for FSG resistance in peanut breeding.

Two-dimensional metal oxide nanosheets for rechargeable batteries

Two-dimensional（2D） metal oxide nanosheets have attracted much attention as potential electrode materials for rechargeable batteries in recent years. This is primarily due to their natural abundance, environmental compatibility, and low cost as well as good electrochemical properties. Despite the fact that most metal oxides possess low conductivity, the introduction of some conductive heterogeneous components, such as nano-carbon, carbon nanotubes（CNTs）, and graphene, to form metal oxide-based hybrids,can effectively overcome this drawback. In this mini review, we will summarize the recent advances of three typical 2D metal oxide nanomaterials, namely, binary metal oxides, ternary metal oxides, and hybrid metal oxides, which are used for the electrochemical applications of next-generation rechargeable batteries, mainly for lithium-ion batteries（LIBs） and sodium-ion batteries（SIBs）. Hence, this review intends to functionalize as a good reference for the further research on 2D nanomaterials and the further development of energy-storage devices.

Molecular mechanism of Solanum Nigrum Linn in alcoholic liver damage based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Solanum Nigrum Linn,the purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical components of the extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn by LC-MS/MS,and to identify 29 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps.The potential mechanism of action of Solanum Nigrum Linn in treating alcoholic liver injury was investigated by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking.A total of 288 component target genes and 1010 disease target genes were obtained,and 98 intersection targets and 7 core targets were obtained after the intersection of the two genes.GO analysis and KEGG analysis respectively obtained 20 signaling pathways such as anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis.The results of molecular docking showed that the blood components could successfully dock with the target proteins of the disease such as GAPDH,IL6,SRC,EGFR and ESR1.This study provided a scientific basis for the development and application of Solanum Nigrum Linn.

Atomic Cu Sites Engineering Enables Efficient CO_(2)Electroreduction to Methane with High CH_(4)/C_(2)H_(4)Ratio

Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)into high-value hydrocarbons and alcohols by using Cu-based catalysts is a promising and attractive technology for CO_(2)capture and utilization,resulting from their high catalytic activity and selectivity.The mobility and accessibility of active sites in Cubased catalysts significantly hinder the development of efficient Cu-based catalysts for CO_(2)electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Herein,a facile and effective strategy is developed to engineer accessible and structural stable Cu sites by incorporating single atomic Cu into the nitrogen cavities of the host graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))as the active sites for CO_(2)-to-CH_(4)conversion in CO_(2)RR.By regulating the coordination and density of Cu sites in g-C_(3)N_(4),an optimal catalyst corresponding to a one Cu atom in one nitrogen cavity reaches the highest CH_(4)Faraday efficiency of 49.04%and produces the products with a high CH_(4)/C_(2)H_(4)ratio over 9.This work provides the first experimental study on g-C_(3)N_(4)-supported single Cu atom catalyst for efficient CH_(4)production from CO_(2)RR and suggests a principle in designing highly stable and selective high-efficiency Cu-based catalysts for CO_(2)RR by engineering Cu active sites in 2D materials with porous crystal structures.

Bioinspired designs in active metal-based batteries

Active metal-based batteries are drawing increased attention because of their inherent high energy density and specific capacity.Some grand challenges,such as dendrite growth,electrode degradation,rapid performance fading,etc.,have limited their practical application.Bioinspiration,which involves taking cues from the structures and functions of the natural world,can lead to a wealth of conceptually fresh approaches to regulator the metal ion transportation to achieve a dendrite-free metal plating,thwart the side-reaction reactions,and retard the structural distortions,for a more reliable and secure operation of active metal-based batteries.In this review,we concentrate on the fabrication and application of bioinspired designs in active metal-based batteries with enhanced performance,along with discussion on the challenges and opportunities associated with this promising topic.We anticipate that this review can offer some insights into the development of functional materials by learning from nature and provide some approaches for the innovations of either the battery structures or the energy materials for metal-based batteries.

Exploration of potential mechanisms for the treatment of ulcerative colitis by Solanum diphyllum L.based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Evidence of the advantages of Solanum nigrum L.for the treatment of ulcerative colitis is accumulating.However,research revealing the treatment of Solanum diphyllum L.against ulcerative colitis is scarce.In this study,the chemical components of the extract of Solanum diphyllum L.were characterized by LC-MS/MS,identifying 31 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps.A total of 425 component target genes and 1900 disease target genes were obtained,and 121 intersection targets and 6 core targets were obtained after the intersection of the two genes by means of network pharmacology.GO analysis and KEGG analysis respectively obtained 20 signaling pathways such as anti-infl ammation.The results of molecular docking showed that the chemical components could successfully dock with the target proteins of the disease such as SRC,EGFR,PTGS2,MMP9,HSP90AA1,ESR1.This study provided a scientifi c basis for the development and application of Solanum diphyllum L.

Strategies for designing metal oxide nanostructures

There has been exponential growth in research activities on nanomaterials and nanotechnology for appli- cations in emerging technologies and sustainable energy in the past decade. The properties of nanomaterials have been found to vary in terms of their shapes, sizes, and number of nanoscale dimensions, which have also further boosted the performance of nanomaterial-based electronic, catalytic, and sustainable energy conversion and storage devices. This reveals the importance and, indeed, the linchpin role of nanomaterial synthesis for current nanotechnology and high-performance functional devices. In this review, we provide an overview of the synthesis strategies for design- ing metal oxide nanomaterials in zero-dimensional （0D）, one-dimensional （1D）, two-dimensional （2D）, and three-di- mensional （3D） forms, particularly of the selected typical metal oxides TiO2, SnO2 and ZnO. The pros and cons of the typical synthetic methods and experimental protocols are reviewed and outlined. This comprehensive review gives a broad overview of the synthetic strategies for designing ＂property-on-demand＂ metal oxide nanostructures to fur- ther advance current nanoscience and nanotechnology.

Characterization of atomic defects on the photoluminescence in two-dimensional materials using transmission electron microscope

Two-dimensional material(2D)that possesses atomic thin geometry and remarkable properties is a star material for the fundamental researches and advanced applications.Defects in 2D materials are critical and fundamental to understand the chemical,physical,and optical properties.Photoluminescence arises in 2D materials owing to various physical phenomena including activator/dopant-induced luminescence and defect-related emissions,and so forth.With the advanced transmission electron microscopy(TEM)technologies,such as aberration correction and low voltage technologies,the morphology,chemical compositions and electronic structures of defects in 2D material could be directly characterized at the atomic scale.In this review,we introduce the applications of state-of-the-art TEM technologies on the studies of the role of atomic defects in the photoluminescence characteristics in 2D material.The challenges in spatial and time resolution are also discussed.It is proved that TEM is a powerful tool to pinpoint the relationship between the defects and the photoluminescence characteristics.

Robust superhydrophobicity of hierarchical ZnO hollow microspheres fabricated by two-step self-assembly

Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces have been extensively inves- tigated due to their importance for industrial applications. It has been reported, however, that superhydrophobic surfaces are very sensitive to heat, ultraviolet （UV） light, and electric potential, which interfere with their long-term durability. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to achieve robust superhydrophobic thin films by designing architecture-defined complex nanostructures. A family of ZnO hollow microspheres with controlled constituent architectures in the morphologies of 1D nanowire networks, 2D nanosheet stacks, and 3D mesoporous nanoball blocks, respectively, was synthesized via a two-step self-assembly approach, where the oligomers or the constituent nanostructures with specially designed structures are first formed from surfactant templates, and then further assembled into complex morphologies by the addition of a second co-surfactant. The thin films composed of two-step synthesized ZnO hollow microspheres with different architectures presented superhydrophobicities with contact angles of 150°-155°, superior to the contact angle of 103° for one-step synthesized ZnO hollow microspheres with smooth and solid surfaces. Moreover, the robust superhydrophobicity was further improved by perfluorinated silane surface modification. The perfluorinated silane treated ZnO hollow microsphere thin films maintained excellent hydrophobicity even after 75 h of UV irradiation. The realization of environmentally durable promising solution for their long-term irradiations. superhydrophobic surfaces provides a service under UV or strong solar light

Phase engineering activation of low-cost iron-containing sulfide minerals for advanced electrocatalysis

Sustainable energy conversion and storage provide feasible approaches towards green energy solutions and carbon neutralization.The high cost and complex fabrication process of advanced energy nanomaterials,however,has impeded the practical application of emerging sustainable technologies.The direct use of earth-abundant natural minerals which contain active elements for effective catalysis and energy storage should be a promising approach to achieve affordable sustainable energy supply and green fuel generations.Herein,as typical examples of activating natural minerals for electrocatalysis,two common minerals,pyrite and chalcopyrite,are activated via a one-step phase transformation strategy.Through a facile thermal reduction process,the minerals are completely transformed into active pyrrhotite(FeS)and haycockite(Cu_(4)Fe_(5)S_(8))phases.The thermal reduction resulting phase transformation can lead to significant surface disordering and can contribute to the catalytic activity by offering favourable electronic structure for intermediates adsorption,abundant surficial active centres,and substantial surface redox pairs.The activated minerals are examined for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysis.The obtained haycockite phase delivers the best performance towards acidic HER and alkaline OER.Further phase optimization is performed via loading a low percentage of iridium nanoclusters on the haycockite phase deposited onto a carbon cloth substrate,through which an overpotential as low as 310 mV for achieving 10 mA cmand a small Tafel slope of 55.6 m V dec-1are recorded for alkaline OER.This work demonstrates the feasibility of the direct use of cost-effective natural resources for addressing the current energy-related issues and paves a way to reach affordable practical emerging sustainable technologies.

室息氧合技术在下颌骨骨折困难气道患者麻醉诱导中的应用1例

目的:探讨窒息氧合技术在下颌骨骨折困难气道患者麻醉诱导中的应用。诊治经过:对1例因创伤致下颌骨骨折出现呼吸困难的急诊病人,经麻醉前评估后,患者有可能气管插管困难并有返流误吸的风险,围术期应用窒息氧合技术,通过鼻导管高流量吸氧进行预氧合。结果:延长了气管插管的安全窒息时间,成功在经鼻高流量吸氧预氧合后进行全身麻醉快速顺序诱导气管插管。结论:在严格的气道评估和应对困难气道充分准备的条件下,应用窒息氧合技术有助于延长患者安全窒息的时间,为麻醉医生气管插管争取了更多的时间。避免了清醒气管插管或者气管切开,减轻了患者的痛苦,提高了患者在全麻诱导期的安全性和舒适性。