The effect of evolutionary history on wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in wood density,but this has largely not been tested.Using a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 m...The effect of evolutionary history on wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in wood density,but this has largely not been tested.Using a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 measurements of wood density from 2621 tree species worldwide,we test the hypothesis that the legacy of evolutionary history plays an important role in driving the variation of wood density among tree species.We assessed phylogenetic signal in different taxonomic(e.g.,angiosperms and gymnosperms)and ecological(e.g.,tropical,temperate,and boreal)groups of tree species,explored the biogeographical and phylogenetic patterns of wood density,and quantified the relative importance of current environmental factors(e.g.,climatic and soil variables)and evolutionary history(i.e.,phylogenetic relatedness among species and lineages)in driving global wood density variation.We found that wood density displayed a significant phylogenetic signal.Wood density differed among different biomes and climatic zones,with higher mean values of wood density in relatively drier regions(highest in subtropical desert).Our study revealed that at a global scale,for angiosperms and gymnosperms combined,phylogeny and species(representing the variance explained by taxonomy and not direct explained by long-term evolution process)explained 84.3%and 7.7%of total wood density variation,respectively,whereas current environment explained 2.7%of total wood density variation when phylogeny and species were taken into account.When angiosperms and gymnosperms were considered separately,the three proportions of explained variation are,respectively,84.2%,7.5%and 6.7%for angiosperms,and 45.7%,21.3%and 18.6%for gymnosperms.Our study shows that evolutionary history outpaced current environmental factors in shaping global variation in wood density.展开更多
The disulfide bond plays a crucial role in the design of anti-tumor prodrugs due to its exceptional tumor-specific redox responsiveness. However, premature breaking of disulfide bonds is triggered by small amounts of ...The disulfide bond plays a crucial role in the design of anti-tumor prodrugs due to its exceptional tumor-specific redox responsiveness. However, premature breaking of disulfide bonds is triggered by small amounts of reducing substances (e.g., ascorbic acid, glutathione, uric acid and tea polyphenols) in the systemic circulation. This may lead to toxicity, particularly in oral prodrugs that require more frequent and high-dose treatments. Fine-tuning the activation kinetics of these prodrugs is a promising prospect for more efficient on-target cancer therapies. In this study, disulfide, steric disulfide, and ester bonds were used to bridge cabazitaxel (CTX) to an intestinal lymph vessel-directed triglyceride (TG) module. Then, synthetic prodrugs were efficiently incorporated into self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (corn oil and Maisine CC were used as the oil phase and Cremophor EL as the surfactant). All three prodrugs had excellent gastric stability and intestinal permeability. The oral bioavailability of the disulfide bond-based prodrugs (CTX-(C)S-(C)S-TG and CTX-S-S-TG) was 11.5- and 19.1-fold higher than that of the CTX solution, respectively, demonstrating good oral delivery efficiency. However, the excessive reduction sensitivity of the disulfide bond resulted in lower plasma stability and safety of CTX-S-S-TG than that of CTX-(C)S-(C)S-TG. Moreover, introducing steric hindrance into disulfide bonds could also modulate drug release and cytotoxicity, significantly improving the anti-tumor activity even compared to that of intravenous CTX solution at half dosage while minimizing off-target adverse effects. Our findings provide insights into the design and fine-tuning of different disulfide bond-based linkers, which may help identify oral prodrugs with more potent therapeutic efficacy and safety for cancer therapy.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to screen effective biocontrol strains against Meloidogyne incognita.[Methods]The effect of six bacterial strains sourced from the research group s strain library on the activity of second in...[Objectives]The paper was to screen effective biocontrol strains against Meloidogyne incognita.[Methods]The effect of six bacterial strains sourced from the research group s strain library on the activity of second instar larvae of M.incognita,as well as on egg hatching,was evaluated.[Results]The treatment of fermentation supernatant derived from the X-2 strain exhibited a pronounced lethal effect on M.incognita,with a corrected mortality rate reaching 97%within 72 h.Additionally,this treatment significantly inhibited egg hatching,achieving an inhibition rate of 94.69%at a 20-fold dilution.The strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis,belonging to the genus Bacillus,and was designated as RKN1111.[Conclusions]This study presents alternative strains and a theoretical framework for the biological control of M.incognita.展开更多
Dolichospermum,a typical model filamentous of cyanobacteria,has the potential to cause severely bloom.Extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs)are considered to influence the aggregation of the algae,and temperature is...Dolichospermum,a typical model filamentous of cyanobacteria,has the potential to cause severely bloom.Extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs)are considered to influence the aggregation of the algae,and temperature is a significant factor affecting EPSs secretion.However,the mechanism of how EPSs affects the aggregation of Dolichospermum is still unclear because the structure and composition of EPSs are complex.In this study,the effects of EPSs on the aggregation of Dolichospermum during the rise of temperature(7-37℃)were determined.The results showed that the concentration of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins changed significantly with increasing temperature(P<0.01).Firstly,during the increasing temperature,the polysaccharide content of EPSs increased from 20.34 to 54.64 mg/L,and the polysaccharides in the soluble EPS(S-EPS)layer changed significantly.The protein content reached maximum value at 21℃(14.52 mg/L)and varied significantly in S-EPS and loosely bound EPS(LB-EPS).In the EPSs matrix,humus substances and protein were main components of S-EPS and LB-EPS,and protein was the main component of tightly bound EPS(TB-EPS).Secondly,the cell density of Dolichospermum increased during the temperature rise while the aggregation ratio decreased.Moreover,zeta potential and surface thermodynamic analysis of Dolichospermum revealed that the interfacial free energy and electrostatic repulsion increased gradually with increasing temperature,which further reduced the aggregation of Dolichospermum.Finally,principal component analysis(PCA)analysis showed the aggregation of Dolichospermum was directly related to the changes of protein in EPSs(especially S-EPS and LB-EPS)and zeta potential,and polysaccharides in EPSs inhibited the aggregation of Dolichospermum.Based on these results,it was illustrated that the composition and concentration of EPSs affected the cell surface properties of Dolichospermum with the change of temperature and thus affected the aggregation of Dolichospermum.展开更多
NiO_(x)-based inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)havepresented great potential toward low-cost,highly efficient and stablenext-generation photovoltaics.However,the presence of energy-levelmismatch and contact-interf...NiO_(x)-based inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)havepresented great potential toward low-cost,highly efficient and stablenext-generation photovoltaics.However,the presence of energy-levelmismatch and contact-interface defects between hole-selective contacts(HSCs)and perovskite-active layer(PAL)still limits device efficiencyimprovement.Here,we report a graded configuration based on bothinterface-cascaded structures and p-type molecule-doped compositeswith two-/three-dimensional formamidinium-based triple-halideperovskites.We find that the interface defects-induced non-radiativerecombination presented at HSCs/PAL interfaces is remarkably suppressedbecause of efficient hole extraction and transport.Moreover,astrong chemical interaction,halogen bonding and coordination bondingare found in the molecule-doped perovskite composites,whichsignificantly suppress the formation of halide vacancy and parasitic metallic lead.As a result,NiO_(x)-based inverted PSCs present a power-conversion-efficiency over 23%with a high fill factor of 0.84 and open-circuit voltage of 1.162 V,which are comparable to the best reported around 1.56-electron volt bandgap perovskites.Furthermore,devices with encapsulation present high operational stability over 1,200 h during T_(90) lifetime measurement(the time as a function of PCE decreases to 90%of its initial value)under 1-sun illumination in ambient-air conditions.展开更多
Paper devices have recently attracted considerable attention as a class of cost-effective cell culture substrates for various biomedical applications.The paper biomaterial can be used to partially mimic the in vivo ce...Paper devices have recently attracted considerable attention as a class of cost-effective cell culture substrates for various biomedical applications.The paper biomaterial can be used to partially mimic the in vivo cell microenvironments mainly due to its natural three-dimensional characteristic.The paper-based devices provide precise control over their structures as well as cell distributions,allowing recapitulation of certain interactions between the cells and the extracellular matrix.These features have shown great potential for the development of normal and diseased human tissue models.In this review,we discuss the fabrication of paper-based devices for in vitro tissue modeling,as well as the applications of these devices toward drug screening and personalized medicine.It is believed that paper as a biomaterial will play an essential role in the field of tissue model engineering due to its unique performances,such as good biocompatibility,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and amenability to various biodesign and manufacturing needs.展开更多
To search for a new eco-friendly therapy for infectious disease caused by Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella oxytoca,we collected the vaginal swabs from healthy women,screened for Lactobacillus and f...To search for a new eco-friendly therapy for infectious disease caused by Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella oxytoca,we collected the vaginal swabs from healthy women,screened for Lactobacillus and found a strain repressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria.The new isolate was identified as L.gasseri by the colony morphology,Gram staining,biochemical reactions and confirmed by the 16 S rDNA sequencing.The HMV18 strain inhibited the growth of food-borne pathogens such as E.coli,S.aureus and K.oxytoca.The HMV18 strain was sensitive to penicillin,ampicillin,erythromycin,tetracycline and chloramphenicol.The HMV18 strain producedα-hemolysis.Pathological histology of the mice ileum showed that the mucosa,villi,lamina propria and crypt depth remained intact and there was no inflammation or hyperemia in the L.gasseri HMV18 gavaged group.L.gasseri HMV18 could not up-regulate inflammatory cytokines level of plasma.All the results suggested L.gasseri HMV18 is a candidate probiotic to be an additive for food preservation or drug to prevent food-borne diseases.展开更多
Although great achievements have been made in the past decades in medicine,cancer remains a worldwide public health issue.Surgery is usually accompanied by shortcomings such as residual lesions and poor treatment effe...Although great achievements have been made in the past decades in medicine,cancer remains a worldwide public health issue.Surgery is usually accompanied by shortcomings such as residual lesions and poor treatment effects,and the successive appearance of other treatment methods,such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy,has not changed the postoperative recurrence rate,toxicity,and side effects.However,the advent of photodynamic therapy has greatly improved this situation.Photodynamic therapy is an emerging tumor diagnosis and treatment technology with good application prospects,photodynamic therapy uses a specific wavelength of light to excite a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species,damage tumor blood vessels and promote tumor cell apoptosis,exerting an anti-tumor effect.Photodynamic therapy has become a new clinical anti-tumor therapy due to its clear efficacy,few side effects,and easy use in combination with other therapies.In this review,we summarized the main mechanism,current challenges,and advancements of photodynamic therapy.展开更多
The rapidly increasing popularity of mobile devices has changed the methods with which people access various network services and increased net-work traffic markedly.Over the past few decades,network traffic identific...The rapidly increasing popularity of mobile devices has changed the methods with which people access various network services and increased net-work traffic markedly.Over the past few decades,network traffic identification has been a research hotspot in the field of network management and security mon-itoring.However,as more network services use encryption technology,network traffic identification faces many challenges.Although classic machine learning methods can solve many problems that cannot be solved by port-and payload-based methods,manually extract features that are frequently updated is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Deep learning has good automatic feature learning capabilities and is an ideal method for network traffic identification,particularly encrypted traffic identification;Existing recognition methods based on deep learning primarily use supervised learning methods and rely on many labeled samples.However,in real scenarios,labeled samples are often difficult to obtain.This paper adjusts the structure of the auxiliary classification generation adversarial network(ACGAN)so that it can use unlabeled samples for training,and use the wasserstein distance instead of the original cross entropy as the loss function to achieve semisupervised learning.Experimental results show that the identification accuracy of ISCX and USTC data sets using the proposed method yields markedly better performance when the number of labeled samples is small compared to that of convolutional neural network(CNN)based classifier.展开更多
The traits of rural domestic sewage emission are unclear,negatively affecting rural domestic sewage treatment and sewage management.This study used data from the Second National Pollution Source Census Bulletin to est...The traits of rural domestic sewage emission are unclear,negatively affecting rural domestic sewage treatment and sewage management.This study used data from the Second National Pollution Source Census Bulletin to establish a data set.The spatial distribution characteristics and main factors influencing rural sewage discharge in the Northern Region were studied using spatial autocorrelation analysis and structural equations.The findings demonstrated that(l)a significant Spearman correlation between drainage water volume(DwV),chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(TP)and that the correlation coefficients between DWV and COD,NH,-N,TNand TP were 0.87**,1.0**,0.99**,0.99**,respectively;(2)rural sewage discharge showed spatial autocorrelation,and rural domestic sewage discharge in the districts and counties with an administration was significantly higher than in the surrounding areas;and(3)social development was the main driver rural domestic sewage changes(path coefficient was 0.407**),and the main factors influencing rural domestic sewage discharge were the urbanization rate,years of education,and population age structure.This study obtained the spatial variation law and clarified the main influencing factors of rural domestic sewage to provide data support and a theoretical basis for subsequent rural sewage collection and treatment.Use of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in northern China as a typical case,provides a theoretical foundation for scientific decision-making on rural domestic sewage treatment at the national and regional levels and offers new perspectives for managing pollutants.展开更多
Coumarins,derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway,represent one of the primary metabolites found in angiosperms.The alignment of the tetrahydropyran(THP)and tetrahydrofuran(THF)rings with the lactone structure result...Coumarins,derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway,represent one of the primary metabolites found in angiosperms.The alignment of the tetrahydropyran(THP)and tetrahydrofuran(THF)rings with the lactone structure results in the formation of at least four types of complex coumarins.However,the mechanisms underlying the structural diversity of coumarin remain poorly understood.Here,we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of Notopterygium incisum,spanning 1.64 Gb,with a contig N50 value of 22.7 Mb and 60,021 annotated protein-coding genes.Additionally,we identified the key enzymes responsible for shaping the structural diversity of coumarins,including two p-coumaroyl CoA 2′-hydroxylases crucial for simple coumarins basic skeleton architecture,two UbiA prenyltransferases responsible for angular or linear coumarins biosynthesis,and five CYP736 cyclases involved in THP and THF ring formation.Notably,two bifunctional enzymes capable of catalyzing both demethylsuberosin and osthenol were identified for the first time.Evolutionary analysis implies that tandem and ectopic duplications of the CYP736 subfamily,specifically arising in the Apiaceae,contributed to the structural diversity of coumarins in N.incisum.Conclusively,this study proposes a parallel evolution scenario for the complex coumarin biosynthetic pathway among different angiosperms and provides essential synthetic biology elements for the heterologous industrial production of coumarins.展开更多
Optical modulation is significant and ubiquitous to telecommunication technologies,smart windows,and military devices.However,due to the limited tunability of traditional doping,achieving broadband optical property ch...Optical modulation is significant and ubiquitous to telecommunication technologies,smart windows,and military devices.However,due to the limited tunability of traditional doping,achieving broadband optical property change is a tough problem.Here,we demonstrate a remarkable transformation of optical transmittance in few-layer graphene(FLG)covering the electromagnetic spectra from the visible to the terahertz wave after lithium(Li)intercalation.It results in the transmittance being higher than 90%from the wavelengths of 480 to 1040 nm,and it increases most from 86.4%to 94.1%at 600 nm,reduces from∼80%to∼68%in the wavelength range from 2.5 to 11μm,has∼20%reduction over a wavelength range from 0.4 to 1.2 THz,and reduces from 97.2%to 68.2%at the wavelength of 1.2 THz.The optical modification of lithiated FLG is attributed to the increase of Fermi energy(Ef)due to the charge transfer from Li to graphene layers.Our results may provide a new strategy for the design of broadband optical modulation devices.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)as a pivotal factor in influencing the growth,development,and yield of maize.Monitoring the N status of maize rapidly and non-destructive and real-time is meaningful in fertilization management of agricultu...Nitrogen(N)as a pivotal factor in influencing the growth,development,and yield of maize.Monitoring the N status of maize rapidly and non-destructive and real-time is meaningful in fertilization management of agriculture,based on unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing technology.In this study,the hyperspectral images were acquired by UAV and the leaf nitrogen content(LNC)and leaf nitrogen accumulation(LNA)were measured to estimate the N nutrition status of maize.24 vegetation indices(VIs)were constructed using hyperspectral images,and four prediction models were used to estimate the LNC and LNA of maize.The models include a single linear regression model,multivariable linear regression(MLR)model,random forest regression(RFR)model,and support vector regression(SVR)model.Moreover,the model with the highest prediction accuracy was applied to invert the LNC and LNA of maize in breeding fields.The results of the single linear regression model with 24 VIs showed that normalized difference chlorophyll(NDchl)had the highest prediction accuracy for LNC(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.72,0.21,and 12.19%,respectively)and LNA(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.77,0.26,and 14.34%,respectively).And then,24 VIs were divided into 13 important VIs and 11 unimportant VIs.Three prediction models for LNC and LNA were constructed using 13 important VIs,and the results showed that RFR and SVR models significantly enhanced the prediction accuracy of LNC and LNA compared to the multivariable linear regression model,in which RFR model had the highest prediction accuracy for the validation dataset of LNC(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.78,0.16,and 8.83%,respectively)and LNA(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.85,0.19,and 9.88%,respectively).This study provides a theoretical basis for N diagnosis and precise management of crop production based on hyperspectral remote sensing in precision agriculture.展开更多
Urban heat stress profoundly affects the health of residents.However,current research primarily focuses on quantifying the risk of urban heat based on LST,Ta,etc.,overlooking the crucial and intimate influence of cont...Urban heat stress profoundly affects the health of residents.However,current research primarily focuses on quantifying the risk of urban heat based on LST,Ta,etc.,overlooking the crucial and intimate influence of continuous intense solar radiation on human thermal comfort and health.Simultaneously,there is a lack of smaller units to support more precise planning.This study utilized the radiant heat stress intensity(RHSI)metric concentrating on the intensity and duration of thermal radiation,to develop a thermal-radiation induced health risk(TIHR)assessment system.Leveraging technologies such as the SOLWEIG model,Python,BERT,and GIS enables precise calculations of 12 spatial indices,including RHSI and Weibo heat.This facilitates a more accurate assessment of health risks at the smallest urban units(blocks)and directly guides planning.The application of this workflow in the case of Suoyuwan,Dalian,China,confirms its value,as it can be used to determine which blocks should be prioritized for specific aspects of risk prevention and control.The results show that some blocks exhibited differences in TIHR even within close proximity,with disaster-causing factors varying according to locations.This study proposes a novel assessment framework based on the interactive perspective of thermal radiation-human-activity-space.展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Anhui Province(2022AH050873)the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture(SKLSS-KF2023-08)+1 种基金the Provincial Natural Resources Fund(1908085QC140)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000600).
文摘The effect of evolutionary history on wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in wood density,but this has largely not been tested.Using a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 measurements of wood density from 2621 tree species worldwide,we test the hypothesis that the legacy of evolutionary history plays an important role in driving the variation of wood density among tree species.We assessed phylogenetic signal in different taxonomic(e.g.,angiosperms and gymnosperms)and ecological(e.g.,tropical,temperate,and boreal)groups of tree species,explored the biogeographical and phylogenetic patterns of wood density,and quantified the relative importance of current environmental factors(e.g.,climatic and soil variables)and evolutionary history(i.e.,phylogenetic relatedness among species and lineages)in driving global wood density variation.We found that wood density displayed a significant phylogenetic signal.Wood density differed among different biomes and climatic zones,with higher mean values of wood density in relatively drier regions(highest in subtropical desert).Our study revealed that at a global scale,for angiosperms and gymnosperms combined,phylogeny and species(representing the variance explained by taxonomy and not direct explained by long-term evolution process)explained 84.3%and 7.7%of total wood density variation,respectively,whereas current environment explained 2.7%of total wood density variation when phylogeny and species were taken into account.When angiosperms and gymnosperms were considered separately,the three proportions of explained variation are,respectively,84.2%,7.5%and 6.7%for angiosperms,and 45.7%,21.3%and 18.6%for gymnosperms.Our study shows that evolutionary history outpaced current environmental factors in shaping global variation in wood density.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82173766,82104109)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2022-BS158)+1 种基金Liaoning Province Applied Basic Research Program(No.2022JH2/101300097)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0111600).
文摘The disulfide bond plays a crucial role in the design of anti-tumor prodrugs due to its exceptional tumor-specific redox responsiveness. However, premature breaking of disulfide bonds is triggered by small amounts of reducing substances (e.g., ascorbic acid, glutathione, uric acid and tea polyphenols) in the systemic circulation. This may lead to toxicity, particularly in oral prodrugs that require more frequent and high-dose treatments. Fine-tuning the activation kinetics of these prodrugs is a promising prospect for more efficient on-target cancer therapies. In this study, disulfide, steric disulfide, and ester bonds were used to bridge cabazitaxel (CTX) to an intestinal lymph vessel-directed triglyceride (TG) module. Then, synthetic prodrugs were efficiently incorporated into self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (corn oil and Maisine CC were used as the oil phase and Cremophor EL as the surfactant). All three prodrugs had excellent gastric stability and intestinal permeability. The oral bioavailability of the disulfide bond-based prodrugs (CTX-(C)S-(C)S-TG and CTX-S-S-TG) was 11.5- and 19.1-fold higher than that of the CTX solution, respectively, demonstrating good oral delivery efficiency. However, the excessive reduction sensitivity of the disulfide bond resulted in lower plasma stability and safety of CTX-S-S-TG than that of CTX-(C)S-(C)S-TG. Moreover, introducing steric hindrance into disulfide bonds could also modulate drug release and cytotoxicity, significantly improving the anti-tumor activity even compared to that of intravenous CTX solution at half dosage while minimizing off-target adverse effects. Our findings provide insights into the design and fine-tuning of different disulfide bond-based linkers, which may help identify oral prodrugs with more potent therapeutic efficacy and safety for cancer therapy.
基金Supported by Key R&D Project of Science&Technology Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2021BBF02013)Post-doctoral Program of Hebei Province(2019003011)Hebei Province Innovation Ability Enhancement Plan Project(225676109H).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to screen effective biocontrol strains against Meloidogyne incognita.[Methods]The effect of six bacterial strains sourced from the research group s strain library on the activity of second instar larvae of M.incognita,as well as on egg hatching,was evaluated.[Results]The treatment of fermentation supernatant derived from the X-2 strain exhibited a pronounced lethal effect on M.incognita,with a corrected mortality rate reaching 97%within 72 h.Additionally,this treatment significantly inhibited egg hatching,achieving an inhibition rate of 94.69%at a 20-fold dilution.The strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis,belonging to the genus Bacillus,and was designated as RKN1111.[Conclusions]This study presents alternative strains and a theoretical framework for the biological control of M.incognita.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41877336,41907202,91951112,41773077)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M651877)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.SBK2019043965)the Yancheng Fishery High Quality Development Project(No.YCSCYJ2021030)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX22_1581)。
文摘Dolichospermum,a typical model filamentous of cyanobacteria,has the potential to cause severely bloom.Extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs)are considered to influence the aggregation of the algae,and temperature is a significant factor affecting EPSs secretion.However,the mechanism of how EPSs affects the aggregation of Dolichospermum is still unclear because the structure and composition of EPSs are complex.In this study,the effects of EPSs on the aggregation of Dolichospermum during the rise of temperature(7-37℃)were determined.The results showed that the concentration of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins changed significantly with increasing temperature(P<0.01).Firstly,during the increasing temperature,the polysaccharide content of EPSs increased from 20.34 to 54.64 mg/L,and the polysaccharides in the soluble EPS(S-EPS)layer changed significantly.The protein content reached maximum value at 21℃(14.52 mg/L)and varied significantly in S-EPS and loosely bound EPS(LB-EPS).In the EPSs matrix,humus substances and protein were main components of S-EPS and LB-EPS,and protein was the main component of tightly bound EPS(TB-EPS).Secondly,the cell density of Dolichospermum increased during the temperature rise while the aggregation ratio decreased.Moreover,zeta potential and surface thermodynamic analysis of Dolichospermum revealed that the interfacial free energy and electrostatic repulsion increased gradually with increasing temperature,which further reduced the aggregation of Dolichospermum.Finally,principal component analysis(PCA)analysis showed the aggregation of Dolichospermum was directly related to the changes of protein in EPSs(especially S-EPS and LB-EPS)and zeta potential,and polysaccharides in EPSs inhibited the aggregation of Dolichospermum.Based on these results,it was illustrated that the composition and concentration of EPSs affected the cell surface properties of Dolichospermum with the change of temperature and thus affected the aggregation of Dolichospermum.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (62204099)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2020A1515110462)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (21620347)the Special Funds for College Students’ Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program
文摘NiO_(x)-based inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)havepresented great potential toward low-cost,highly efficient and stablenext-generation photovoltaics.However,the presence of energy-levelmismatch and contact-interface defects between hole-selective contacts(HSCs)and perovskite-active layer(PAL)still limits device efficiencyimprovement.Here,we report a graded configuration based on bothinterface-cascaded structures and p-type molecule-doped compositeswith two-/three-dimensional formamidinium-based triple-halideperovskites.We find that the interface defects-induced non-radiativerecombination presented at HSCs/PAL interfaces is remarkably suppressedbecause of efficient hole extraction and transport.Moreover,astrong chemical interaction,halogen bonding and coordination bondingare found in the molecule-doped perovskite composites,whichsignificantly suppress the formation of halide vacancy and parasitic metallic lead.As a result,NiO_(x)-based inverted PSCs present a power-conversion-efficiency over 23%with a high fill factor of 0.84 and open-circuit voltage of 1.162 V,which are comparable to the best reported around 1.56-electron volt bandgap perovskites.Furthermore,devices with encapsulation present high operational stability over 1,200 h during T_(90) lifetime measurement(the time as a function of PCE decreases to 90%of its initial value)under 1-sun illumination in ambient-air conditions.
基金This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health(R00CA201603,R21EB025270,R21EB026175,R01EB028143)the Brigham Research Institute.
文摘Paper devices have recently attracted considerable attention as a class of cost-effective cell culture substrates for various biomedical applications.The paper biomaterial can be used to partially mimic the in vivo cell microenvironments mainly due to its natural three-dimensional characteristic.The paper-based devices provide precise control over their structures as well as cell distributions,allowing recapitulation of certain interactions between the cells and the extracellular matrix.These features have shown great potential for the development of normal and diseased human tissue models.In this review,we discuss the fabrication of paper-based devices for in vitro tissue modeling,as well as the applications of these devices toward drug screening and personalized medicine.It is believed that paper as a biomaterial will play an essential role in the field of tissue model engineering due to its unique performances,such as good biocompatibility,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and amenability to various biodesign and manufacturing needs.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(H2020206579)S&T Program of Hebei(18277743D)+3 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-055)Key R&D projects in Hebei Province(20327125D)the Training Plan for Young Innovative Talents in Science and Technology(TJZR202008)Spring rain project of Hebei Medical University(CYCZ201906)。
文摘To search for a new eco-friendly therapy for infectious disease caused by Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus or Klebsiella oxytoca,we collected the vaginal swabs from healthy women,screened for Lactobacillus and found a strain repressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria.The new isolate was identified as L.gasseri by the colony morphology,Gram staining,biochemical reactions and confirmed by the 16 S rDNA sequencing.The HMV18 strain inhibited the growth of food-borne pathogens such as E.coli,S.aureus and K.oxytoca.The HMV18 strain was sensitive to penicillin,ampicillin,erythromycin,tetracycline and chloramphenicol.The HMV18 strain producedα-hemolysis.Pathological histology of the mice ileum showed that the mucosa,villi,lamina propria and crypt depth remained intact and there was no inflammation or hyperemia in the L.gasseri HMV18 gavaged group.L.gasseri HMV18 could not up-regulate inflammatory cytokines level of plasma.All the results suggested L.gasseri HMV18 is a candidate probiotic to be an additive for food preservation or drug to prevent food-borne diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82072340)the Major National Science and Technology Projects–Major New Drug Creation(2019ZX09301-132)+1 种基金Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT_15R13)Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(No.AD17129003).
文摘Although great achievements have been made in the past decades in medicine,cancer remains a worldwide public health issue.Surgery is usually accompanied by shortcomings such as residual lesions and poor treatment effects,and the successive appearance of other treatment methods,such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy,has not changed the postoperative recurrence rate,toxicity,and side effects.However,the advent of photodynamic therapy has greatly improved this situation.Photodynamic therapy is an emerging tumor diagnosis and treatment technology with good application prospects,photodynamic therapy uses a specific wavelength of light to excite a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species,damage tumor blood vessels and promote tumor cell apoptosis,exerting an anti-tumor effect.Photodynamic therapy has become a new clinical anti-tumor therapy due to its clear efficacy,few side effects,and easy use in combination with other therapies.In this review,we summarized the main mechanism,current challenges,and advancements of photodynamic therapy.
基金This work is supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.under Grant No.J2020068.
文摘The rapidly increasing popularity of mobile devices has changed the methods with which people access various network services and increased net-work traffic markedly.Over the past few decades,network traffic identification has been a research hotspot in the field of network management and security mon-itoring.However,as more network services use encryption technology,network traffic identification faces many challenges.Although classic machine learning methods can solve many problems that cannot be solved by port-and payload-based methods,manually extract features that are frequently updated is time-consuming and labor-intensive.Deep learning has good automatic feature learning capabilities and is an ideal method for network traffic identification,particularly encrypted traffic identification;Existing recognition methods based on deep learning primarily use supervised learning methods and rely on many labeled samples.However,in real scenarios,labeled samples are often difficult to obtain.This paper adjusts the structure of the auxiliary classification generation adversarial network(ACGAN)so that it can use unlabeled samples for training,and use the wasserstein distance instead of the original cross entropy as the loss function to achieve semisupervised learning.Experimental results show that the identification accuracy of ISCX and USTC data sets using the proposed method yields markedly better performance when the number of labeled samples is small compared to that of convolutional neural network(CNN)based classifier.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51838013)the project of Inner Mongolia"Prairie Talents"Engineering Innovation Entrepreneurship Talent Team,and the Innovation Team of the Inner Mongolia academy of Science and Technology(No.CXTD2023-01-016).
文摘The traits of rural domestic sewage emission are unclear,negatively affecting rural domestic sewage treatment and sewage management.This study used data from the Second National Pollution Source Census Bulletin to establish a data set.The spatial distribution characteristics and main factors influencing rural sewage discharge in the Northern Region were studied using spatial autocorrelation analysis and structural equations.The findings demonstrated that(l)a significant Spearman correlation between drainage water volume(DwV),chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(TP)and that the correlation coefficients between DWV and COD,NH,-N,TNand TP were 0.87**,1.0**,0.99**,0.99**,respectively;(2)rural sewage discharge showed spatial autocorrelation,and rural domestic sewage discharge in the districts and counties with an administration was significantly higher than in the surrounding areas;and(3)social development was the main driver rural domestic sewage changes(path coefficient was 0.407**),and the main factors influencing rural domestic sewage discharge were the urbanization rate,years of education,and population age structure.This study obtained the spatial variation law and clarified the main influencing factors of rural domestic sewage to provide data support and a theoretical basis for subsequent rural sewage collection and treatment.Use of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in northern China as a typical case,provides a theoretical foundation for scientific decision-making on rural domestic sewage treatment at the national and regional levels and offers new perspectives for managing pollutants.
基金supported by the Western Light Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Young Qihuang Scholars Project of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.This research was also funded by the open foundation of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine state key laboratory of R&D of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources(SUCM-QM202202,China)the fund of Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute of Anhui Dabie Mountain(TCMADM-2023-18,China)+2 种基金“Double FirstClass”University Project of China Pharmaceutical University(CPU2022QZ27,China)supported by the key project at the central government level:the ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(2060302,China)the open research fund of Yunnan characteristic plant extraction laboratory(YKKF2023002,China)。
文摘Coumarins,derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway,represent one of the primary metabolites found in angiosperms.The alignment of the tetrahydropyran(THP)and tetrahydrofuran(THF)rings with the lactone structure results in the formation of at least four types of complex coumarins.However,the mechanisms underlying the structural diversity of coumarin remain poorly understood.Here,we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of Notopterygium incisum,spanning 1.64 Gb,with a contig N50 value of 22.7 Mb and 60,021 annotated protein-coding genes.Additionally,we identified the key enzymes responsible for shaping the structural diversity of coumarins,including two p-coumaroyl CoA 2′-hydroxylases crucial for simple coumarins basic skeleton architecture,two UbiA prenyltransferases responsible for angular or linear coumarins biosynthesis,and five CYP736 cyclases involved in THP and THF ring formation.Notably,two bifunctional enzymes capable of catalyzing both demethylsuberosin and osthenol were identified for the first time.Evolutionary analysis implies that tandem and ectopic duplications of the CYP736 subfamily,specifically arising in the Apiaceae,contributed to the structural diversity of coumarins in N.incisum.Conclusively,this study proposes a parallel evolution scenario for the complex coumarin biosynthetic pathway among different angiosperms and provides essential synthetic biology elements for the heterologous industrial production of coumarins.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1404201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62305200,U22A2091,62127817,and 62075240)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.202203021222001).
文摘Optical modulation is significant and ubiquitous to telecommunication technologies,smart windows,and military devices.However,due to the limited tunability of traditional doping,achieving broadband optical property change is a tough problem.Here,we demonstrate a remarkable transformation of optical transmittance in few-layer graphene(FLG)covering the electromagnetic spectra from the visible to the terahertz wave after lithium(Li)intercalation.It results in the transmittance being higher than 90%from the wavelengths of 480 to 1040 nm,and it increases most from 86.4%to 94.1%at 600 nm,reduces from∼80%to∼68%in the wavelength range from 2.5 to 11μm,has∼20%reduction over a wavelength range from 0.4 to 1.2 THz,and reduces from 97.2%to 68.2%at the wavelength of 1.2 THz.The optical modification of lithiated FLG is attributed to the increase of Fermi energy(Ef)due to the charge transfer from Li to graphene layers.Our results may provide a new strategy for the design of broadband optical modulation devices.
基金financially supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(Grant No.ZDYF2021GXJS038 and Grant No.ZDYF2024XDNY196)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.320RC486)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42167011).
文摘Nitrogen(N)as a pivotal factor in influencing the growth,development,and yield of maize.Monitoring the N status of maize rapidly and non-destructive and real-time is meaningful in fertilization management of agriculture,based on unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing technology.In this study,the hyperspectral images were acquired by UAV and the leaf nitrogen content(LNC)and leaf nitrogen accumulation(LNA)were measured to estimate the N nutrition status of maize.24 vegetation indices(VIs)were constructed using hyperspectral images,and four prediction models were used to estimate the LNC and LNA of maize.The models include a single linear regression model,multivariable linear regression(MLR)model,random forest regression(RFR)model,and support vector regression(SVR)model.Moreover,the model with the highest prediction accuracy was applied to invert the LNC and LNA of maize in breeding fields.The results of the single linear regression model with 24 VIs showed that normalized difference chlorophyll(NDchl)had the highest prediction accuracy for LNC(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.72,0.21,and 12.19%,respectively)and LNA(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.77,0.26,and 14.34%,respectively).And then,24 VIs were divided into 13 important VIs and 11 unimportant VIs.Three prediction models for LNC and LNA were constructed using 13 important VIs,and the results showed that RFR and SVR models significantly enhanced the prediction accuracy of LNC and LNA compared to the multivariable linear regression model,in which RFR model had the highest prediction accuracy for the validation dataset of LNC(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.78,0.16,and 8.83%,respectively)and LNA(R^(2),RMSE,and RE were 0.85,0.19,and 9.88%,respectively).This study provides a theoretical basis for N diagnosis and precise management of crop production based on hyperspectral remote sensing in precision agriculture.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52208045).
文摘Urban heat stress profoundly affects the health of residents.However,current research primarily focuses on quantifying the risk of urban heat based on LST,Ta,etc.,overlooking the crucial and intimate influence of continuous intense solar radiation on human thermal comfort and health.Simultaneously,there is a lack of smaller units to support more precise planning.This study utilized the radiant heat stress intensity(RHSI)metric concentrating on the intensity and duration of thermal radiation,to develop a thermal-radiation induced health risk(TIHR)assessment system.Leveraging technologies such as the SOLWEIG model,Python,BERT,and GIS enables precise calculations of 12 spatial indices,including RHSI and Weibo heat.This facilitates a more accurate assessment of health risks at the smallest urban units(blocks)and directly guides planning.The application of this workflow in the case of Suoyuwan,Dalian,China,confirms its value,as it can be used to determine which blocks should be prioritized for specific aspects of risk prevention and control.The results show that some blocks exhibited differences in TIHR even within close proximity,with disaster-causing factors varying according to locations.This study proposes a novel assessment framework based on the interactive perspective of thermal radiation-human-activity-space.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province of China (2023AFA065)the National Key Research and Development Program (2019YFB2205100)Hubei Province Key Scientific and Technological Project (2022AEA001)。
