Construction of 3D porous Cu_(1.81)S/nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks for ultrafast and long-cycle life sodium-ion storage

Transition metal sulfides have great potential as anode mterials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their high theoretical specific capacities.However,the inferior intrinsic conductivity and large volume variation during sodiation-desodiation processes seriously affect its high-rate and long-cyde performance,unbeneficial for the application as fast-charging and long-cycling SIBs anode.Herein,the three-dimensional porous Cu_(1.81)S/nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks(Cu_(1.81)S/NC)are synthesized by the simple and facile sol-gel and annealing processes,which can accommodate the volumetric expansion of Cu_(1.81)S nanoparticles and accelerate the transmission of ions and electrons during Na^(+)insertion/extraction processes,exhibiting the excellent rate capability(250.6 mA·g^(-1)at 20.0 A·g^(-1))and outstanding cycling stability(70% capacity retention for 6000 cycles at 10.0 A·g^(-1))for SIBs.Moreover,the Na-ion full cells coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)/C cathode also demonstrate the satisfactory reversible specific capacity of 330.5 mAh·g^(-1)at 5.0 A·g^(-1)and long-cycle performance with the 86.9% capacity retention at 2.0 A·g^(-1)after 750 cycles.This work proposes a promising way for the conversionbased metal sulfides for the applications as fast-charging sodium-ion battery anode.

Vacancy engineering mediated hollow structured ZnO/ZnS S-scheme heterojunction for highly efficient photocatalytic H_(2) production

Designing a step-scheme(S-scheme)heterojunction photocatalyst with vacancy engineering is a reliable approach to achieve highly efficient photocatalytic H_(2)production activity.Herein,a hollow ZnO/ZnS S-scheme heterojunction with O and Zn vacancies(VO,Zn-ZnO/ZnS)is rationally constructed via ion-exchange and calcination treatments.In such a photocatalytic system,the hollow structure combined with the introduction of dual vacancies endows the adequate light absorption.Moreover,the O and Zn vacancies serve as the trapping sites for photo-induced electrons and holes,respectively,which are beneficial for promoting the photo-induced carrier separation.Meanwhile,the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism can not only improve the separation and transfer efficiencies of photo-induced carrier but also retain the strong redox capacity.As expected,the optimized VO,Zn-ZnO/ZnS heterojunction exhibits a superior photocatalytic H_(2) production rate of 160.91 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),approximately 643.6 times and 214.5 times with respect to that obtained on pure ZnO and ZnS,respectively.Simultaneously,the experimental results and density functional theory calculations disclose that the photo-induced carrier transfer pathway follows the S-scheme heterojunction mechanism and the introduction of O and Zn vacancies reduces the surface reaction barrier.This work provides an innovative strategy of vacancy engineering in S-scheme heterojunction for solar-to-fuel energy conversion.

炎性衰老在血液系统疾病中的研究进展

随着人类寿命不断增长,全球人口老龄化加剧,老年性疾病发病率也随之上升。炎性衰老(inflamm-aging)指机体随增龄出现的促炎状态升高的现象。研究表明,炎性衰老与心脑血管疾病、神经退行性病变以及骨关节病变具有一定关联,但其发生机制仍不明确,尤其在血液系统疾病方面的研究也较为少见。全身性炎症如何通过衰老引起造血障碍进而参与血液系统疾病的发生尚不明晰。本文主要从炎性衰老的发生机制、炎性衰老与血液系统疾病的关系等方面展开综述,旨在揭示炎性衰老在血液系统疾病中的可能作用机制,为血液系统疾病的防治策略提供借鉴和参考。

Promoting the microwave absorption performance of hierarchical CF@NiO/Ni composites via phase and morphology evolution

Lightweight and efficient carbon-based microwave absorbents are significant in addressing the increasing severity of electromagnetic pollution.In this study,hierarchical NiO/Ni nanosheets with a tuneable phase and morphology supported on a carbon fiber substrate(CF@NiO/Ni)were fabricated using a hydrothermal approach and post-annealing treatment.As the annealing temperature increases,more metallic Ni is formed,and an apparent porosity appears on the sheet surface.Benefiting from the advantages of a three-dimensional(3D)conducting network,hierarchical porous structure,reinforced dipole/interface polarization,multiple scattering,and good impedance matching,the CF@NiO/Ni-500 composite exhibits an excellent microwave absorption performance even at a filling rate of only 3wt%.Specifically,its minimal reflection loss is-43.92 dB,and the qualified bandwidth is up to 5.64 GHz.In addition,the low radar cross-section area of the CF@NiO/Ni composite coating confirms its strong ability to suppress electromagnetic wave scattering.We expect that this work could contribute to a deeper understanding of the phase and morphology evolution in enhancing microwave absorption.

FIR-YOLACT:Fusion of ICIoU and Res2Net for YOLACT on Real-Time Vehicle Instance Segmentation

Autonomous driving technology has made a lot of outstanding achievements with deep learning,and the vehicle detection and classification algorithm has become one of the critical technologies of autonomous driving systems.The vehicle instance segmentation can perform instance-level semantic parsing of vehicle information,which is more accurate and reliable than object detection.However,the existing instance segmentation algorithms still have the problems of poor mask prediction accuracy and low detection speed.Therefore,this paper proposes an advanced real-time instance segmentation model named FIR-YOLACT,which fuses the ICIoU(Improved Complete Intersection over Union)and Res2Net for the YOLACT algorithm.Specifically,the ICIoU function can effectively solve the degradation problem of the original CIoU loss function,and improve the training convergence speed and detection accuracy.The Res2Net module fused with the ECA(Efficient Channel Attention)Net is added to the model’s backbone network,which improves the multi-scale detection capability and mask prediction accuracy.Furthermore,the Cluster NMS(Non-Maximum Suppression)algorithm is introduced in the model’s bounding box regression to enhance the performance of detecting similarly occluded objects.The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of FIR-YOLACT to the based methods and the effectiveness of all components.The processing speed reaches 28 FPS,which meets the demands of real-time vehicle instance segmentation.

Fasn involved in the nephrotoxicity induced by polystyrene nanoplastics and the intervention of melatonin through intestinal microbiota-mediated lipid metabolism disorder

Nanoplastics(NPs)can accumulate in the kidney and cause kidney injury,but the multi-organ interaction mechanism and preventive measures of kidney injury are still unclear.In this study,in vivo(60μg/day,42 days)and in vitro(0.4μg/μL,24 h)exposure models of polystyrene nanoplastics(PS-NPs,80 nm)in mice and human kidney cortex proximal tubule epithelial cells(HK-2 cells)were established,respectively.Our study revealed that PS-NPs caused obvious pathological changes and impaired renal function in mice,which were related to lipid metabolism disorders mediated by intestinal flora.Desulfovibrionales-fatty acid synthase(Fasn)-docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)pathway may be one of the mechanisms of kidney injury in mice.Importantly,we also found that melatonin attenuates PS-NPs-induced nephrotoxicity by modulating lipid metabolism disorders(represented by DHA)and affects Fasn expression.In conclusion,our study revealed the important role of intestinal flora-mediated lipid metabolism in PS-NPs-induced nephrotoxicity and preliminarily provided potential key gene targets and effective preventive measures for PS-NPs-induced nephrotoxicity.

Biodegradation of indole by a newly isolated Cupriavidus sp. SHE

Indole, a typical nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic pollutant, is extensively spread in industrial wastewater. Microbial degradation has been proven to be a feasible approach to remove indole, whereas the microbial resources are fairly limited. A bacterial strain designated as SHE was isolated and found to be an efficient indole degrader. It was identified as Cupriavidus sp. according to 16 SrRNA gene analysis. Strain SHE could utilize indole as the sole carbon source and almost completely degrade 100 mg/L of indole within 24 hr. It still harbored relatively high indole degradation capacity within p H 4–9 and temperature 25°C–35°C. Experiments also showed that some heavy metals such as Mn2＋, Pb2＋and Co2＋did not pose severe inhibition on indole degradation. Based on high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrum analysis, isatin was identified as a minor intermediate during the process of indole biodegradation. A major yellow product with m/z 265.0605（C15H8N2O3） was generated and accumulated, suggesting a novel indole conversion pathway existed. Genome analysis of strain SHE indicated that there existed a rich set of oxidoreductases, which might be the key reason for the efficient degradation of indole. The robust degradation ability of strain SHE makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of indole containing wastewater.

Contact pattern,current immune barrier,and pathogen virulence determines the optimal strategy of further vaccination

Background:The current outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 has caused a seriousdisease burden worldwide.Vaccines are an important factor to sustain the epidemic.Although with a relatively high-vaccination worldwide,the decay of vaccine efficacy andthe arising of new variants lead us to the challenge of maintaining a sufficient immunebarrier to protect the population.Method:A case-contact tracking data in Hunan,China,is used to estimate the contactpattern of cases for scenarios including school,workspace,etc,rather than ordinary susceptible population.Based on the estimated vaccine coverage and efficacy,a multi-groupvaccinated-exposed-presymptomatic-symptomatic-asymptomatic-removed model(VEFIAR)with 8 age groups,with each partitioned into 4 vaccination status groups isdeveloped.The optimal dose-wise vaccinating strategy is optimized based on the currentlyestimated immunity barrier of coverage and efficacy,using the greedy algorithm thatminimizes the cumulative cases,population size of hospitalization and fatality respectivelyin a certain future interval.Parameters of Delta and Omicron variants are used respectivelyin the optimization.Results:The estimated contact matrices of cases showed a concentration on middle ages,and has compatible magnitudes compared to estimations from contact surveys in otherstudies.The VEFIAR model is numerically stable.The optimal controled vaccination strategy requires immediate vaccination on the un-vaccinated high-contact population of age30e39 to reduce the cumulative cases,and is stable with different basic reproductionnumbers(R_(0)).As for minimizing hospitalization and fatality,the optimized strategy requires vaccination on the un-vaccinated of both aged 30e39 of high contact frequencyand the vulnerable older.Conclusion:The objective of reducing transmission requires vaccination in age groups ofthe highest contact frequency,with more priority for un-vaccinated than un-fully or fullyvaccinated.The objective of reducing total hospitalization and fatality requires not only toreduce transmission but also to protect the vulnerable older.The priority changes byvaccination progress.For any region,if the local contact pattern is available,then with thevaccination coverage,efficacy,and disease characteristics of relative risks in heterogeneouspopulations,the optimal dose-wise vaccinating process will be obtained and gives hintsfor decision-making.

Melatonin and probiotics ameliorate nanoplastics-induced hematopoietic injury by modulating the gut microbiotametabolism

Plastic pollution has become a non-negligible global pollution problem.Nanoplastics(NP)can reach the bone marrow with blood circulation and develop hematotoxicity,but potential mechanisms and prevention strategies are lacking.Here,we report the biological distribution of NP particles in the bone marrow of mice and hematopoietic toxicity after exposure to 60μg of 80 nm NP for 42 days.NP exposure inhibited the capability of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells to renew and differentiate.Notably,probiotics and melatonin supplementation significantly ameliorated NP-induced hematopoietic damage,and the former was superior to the latter.And interestingly,melatonin and probiotic interventions may involve different microbes and metabolites.After melatonin intervention,creatine showed a stronger correlation with NP-induced gut microbiota disorders.In contrast,probiotic intervention reversed the levels of more gut microbes and plasma metabolites.Of these,threonine,malonylcarnitine,and 3-hydroxybutyric acid might be potential performers in the regulation of hematopoietic toxicity by gut microbes,as they had a more significant relationship with the identified microbes.In conclusion,supplementation with melatonin or probiotics may be two candidates to prevent hematopoietic toxicity attributable to NP exposure.Also,the multi-omics results may lay the foundation for future investigations into in-depth mechanisms.

Integrated Rabies Surveillance-Hunan Province,China,2020

Introduction:The objective of this paper was to assess the epidemiology of rabies in Hunan Province,analyze the associated factors,understand the status of prevention and treatment after rabies exposure,evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and treatment,and provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures.Methods:The surveillance data of rabies in Hunan Province in 2020 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results:In 2020,a total of 59 cases of rabies were reported in Hunan Province,with an incidence rate of 0.09/100,000.Overall,42 cases(71.19%)were due to animal bites and 43 cases(72.88%)were of grade III.The proportion of hand and combined injury of hand was the highest(40.68%).A total of 603,261 cases of rabies exposure were reported from the rabies post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)clinic in Hunan Province.Dogs were the main animal causing injuries,accounting for 74.21%.Only 83,418(13.84%)of the animals had a clear immune history,and a total of 11 dog attacks were reported in Hunan Province.The average immunity rate of dogs in the whole province was 30.98%.In 2020,554 dogs were sampled in the whole province;20 of them were positive for a positivity rate of 3.61%.Conclusions:Rabies in Hunan Province in 2020 had a relatively low prevalence.Failure to treat wounds,immunoglobulin injections,and vaccination after exposure were the main causes of rabies.Therefore,post-exposure management of rabies should be further strengthened to reduce the risk of rabies for high-risk populations.

Transmission Dynamics and Epidemiological Characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant ― Hunan Province, China, 2021

Monitoring changes in the epidemiologic features between different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variants is key to understanding the evolution of viral fitness in the host population.Here,we analyzed a successfully contained local outbreak of the Delta variant that took place in Hunan,China,in July–August,2021.Detailed data on SARS-CoV-2 infections and their contacts were collected during the outbreak.By leveraging these data,we estimated key epidemiological parameters,including the incubation period,serial interval,and generation time.We constructed a generalized linear mixed-effects model(GLMM)to quantify risk factors for Delta infection and transmission.Between July 28 and August 15,2021,a total of 129 infections and their 2,118 close contacts were identified during the outbreak in Hunan Province.

Protecting Web Application Code and Sensitive Data with Symmetric and Identity-Based Cryptosystems

How to protect the security of web application code and sensitive data has become one of the primary concerns in web services.In this paper,symmetric cryptosystem combined with identity-based public key cryptosystem is proposed to protect web application programs and sensitive data.The key generation center generates the private and public key pairs for the web server and users,which are used to implement identity authentication and data integrity.Whenweb application code and sensitive data are transmitted between the web server and the user’s browser,a random session key is generated for encrypting the web application code and sensitive data.Meanwhile,a digital signature is generated and added to the encrypted program code and sensitive data.The security analysis shows that the proposed security scheme can ensure the confidentiality,integrity and authentication of web application code and sensitive data.

IoT Honeypot Scanning and Detection System Based on Authorization Mechanism

In this paper,an Internet of Things(IoT)honeypot scanning and detection system is proposed based on an authorization mechanism.For the functional characteristics of different devices existing in the IoT environment,an authorization and authentication system was designed based on device MAC and randomly generated key for requesting permissions from devices with asset management and traffic monitoring.Subsequently,an authorized access network model was constructed between devices and the authorization system,which inveigles the scanning requests from unauthorized devices into the IoT honeypot based on the authorized authentication algorithm.Specifically,an IoT honeypot system was built and a data collection module,a data preprocessing module,and a scan detection module were installed in it to perform detection and output feedback on the traffic redirected to the honeypot.The experimental results show that our designed system can efficiently identify whether the device is authorized or not in the IoT system and successfully detect the illegal scanning requests from non-authorized devices.