Monte-Carlo based random passive energy beamforming for reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted wireless power transfer

Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)employs passive beamforming to control the wireless propagation channel,which benefits the wireless communication capacity and the received energy efficiency of wireless power transfer(WPT)systems.Such beamforming schemes are classified as discrete and non-convex integer program-ming problems.In this paper,we propose a Monte-Carlo(MC)based random energy passive beamforming of RIS to achieve the maximum received power of electromagnetic(EM)WPT systems.Generally,the Gibbs sampling and re-sampling methods are employed to generate phase shift vector samples.And the sample with the maximum received power is considered the optimal solution.In order to adapt to the application scenarios,we develop two types of passive beamforming algorithms based on such MC sampling methods.The first passive beamforming uses an approximation of the integer programming as the initial sample,which is calculated based on the channel information.And the second one is a purely randomized algorithm with the only total received power feedback.The proposed methods present several advantages for RIS control,e.g.,fast convergence,easy implementation,robustness to the channel noise,and limited feedback requirement,and they are applicable even if the channel information is unknown.According to the simulation results,our proposed methods outperform other approxi-mation and genetic algorithms.With our methods,the WPT system even significantly improves the power effi-ciency in the nonline-of-sight(NLOS)environment.

AJUBA调控MST1 YAP1和TAZ因子促进食管鳞状细胞癌细胞体外增殖迁移和侵袭

目的:探讨AJUBA在食管鳞状细胞癌(esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC)细胞中表达以及是否通过调控MST1、YAP1和TAZ因子影响细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移。方法:采用Western blot法检测AJUBA蛋白在食管癌细胞系KYSE30、KYSE150与KYSE450中的表达水平,构建shRNA干扰载体AJUBA转染至KYSE150食管癌细胞系;通过体外克隆形成实验、流式细胞术、划痕实验和Transwell实验探究AJUBA对KYSE150细胞的增殖、周期、迁移和侵袭能力的影响。采用RT-PCR和Western blot检测MST1、YAP1和TAZ mRNA和蛋白的表达;核质分离实验检测AJUBA、YAP1和TAZ蛋白表达情况。结果:稳定干扰AJUBA基因后,平板克隆实验结果显示,与阴性对照组相比,shAJUBA组的细胞克隆形成数量明显减少,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);流式细胞周期实验结果显示,shAJUBA组中的细胞阻滞于G0/G1期,G2/M期与S期细胞显著减少(P<0.05);划痕实验和Transwell侵袭实验结果显示,与AJUBA空染组相比,shAJUBA组细胞迁移能力和侵袭能力均明显减弱(P<0.001);RT-PCR与Western blot实验结果显示,shAJUBA组细胞中的MST1、YAP1、TAZmRNA与蛋白表达水平均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。核质分离实验结果提示AJUBA蛋白在正常食管鳞状上皮细胞株(SHEE)细胞核中表达,而在KYSE150细胞胞质与胞核中表达;YAP1和TAZ蛋白在SHEE细胞中不表达,在KYSE150细胞质与细胞核中表达,上述结果差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:AJUBA促进食管癌细胞的增殖、侵袭与迁移,可能与激活MST1、YAP1、TAZ因子的表达而影响食管鳞状细胞癌进展有关。

Hydrochloric acid‐mediated synthesis of ZnFe_(2)O_(4) small particle decorated one‐dimensional Perylene Diimide S‐scheme heterojunction with excellent photocatalytic ability

The recyclable and stable ZnFe_(2)O_(4) small particle decorated one‐dimensional perylene diimide(PDI)S‐scheme heterojunction(1D PDI/ZnFe_(2)O_(4))is prepared by the hydrochloric acid‐mediated(HCl‐mediated)strategy,interestingly,the morphology of the 1D PDI/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) can also be effectively regulated by HCl‐mediated process,the existence of HCl can regulate PDI into a uniform rod structure,while the co‐existence of HCl and PDI can limit ZnFe_(2)O_(4) to become the uniform small particles.More importantly,based on the 1D rod structure of PDI and the small size effect of ZnFe_(2)O_(4),carriers can migrate to the surface more easily,which can improve the photocatalytic activity.Meanwhile,due to the appropriate energy level structure,the S‐scheme heterojunction structure is formed between PDI and ZnFe_(2)O_(4),which eliminates meaningless photo‐generated charge carriers through recombination and introduces strong redox to further enhance the photodegradation effect,thereby,1D PDI/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) exhibits excellent photocatalytic ability,under the visible light irradiation,the degradation rate of tetracycline(TC)with 1D PDI/ZnFe_(2)O_(4)(66.67%)is 9.18 times that with PDI(7.26%)and 9.73 times that with ZnFe_(2)O_(4)(6.85%).This work proposes new ideas for the assembly of magnetic organic‐inorganic S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts.

Enhanced chemical trapping and catalytic conversion of polysulfides by diatomite/MXene hybrid interlayer for stable Li-S batteries

Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries with high theoretical energy density are promising energy storage systems in the next decades, while the lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttling caused by the sluggish sulfur redox reaction severely lowers the practical performance. The use of interlayer between the cathode and separator has been widely investigated to physically or chemically block the LiPSs, while the introduction of catalytic materials is a more effective strategy to accelerate the conversion of LiPSs. MXene with rich surface chemistry has shown its potential for facilitating the catalytic conversion, however, the aggregation of MXene sheets usually leads to the loss of the catalytic active sites. Herein, we report a diatomite/MXene (DE/MX) hybrid material as the bifunctional interlayer for improving the adsorption/conversion of LiPSs in Li-S batteries. The diatomite with porous structure and rich silica-hydroxyl functional groups could trap LiPSs effectively, while prevent the aggregation of MXene. The DE/MX based interlayer showed bifunctions of enhancing the chemical adsorption and promoting the conversion of LiPSs. The Li-S batteries with the DE/MX interlayer delivered an improved cycling stability with a low capacity decay of 0.059% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1.0 C. Moreover, stable 200 cycles can be realized with a high sulfur loading electrode up to 6.0 mg cm^(−2). This work provides an effective strategy to construct bifunctional interlayers for hindering the shuttling of LiPSs and boosting the practical application of Li-S batteries.

Utilization of porous liquids for catalytic conversion

Porous liquids,an emerging type of flowing liquid materials,are composed of porous solids and polymer chains/sterically hindered sol-vents,combining the advantages of porous solids'permanent porosity and liquid's fluidity.Therefore,porous liquids have shown enormous potentials in many applications.However,these applications are limited to gas adsorption[1],transport[2]and separation[3],which is unfa-vorable for the development of porous liquids.Therefore,expanding the application of porous liquids in other fields is quite meaningful.

Biomass waste-assisted micro(nano)plastics capture, utilization, and storage for sustainable water remediation

Micro(nano)plastics(MNPs)have become a significant environmental concern due to their widespread presence in the biosphere and potential harm to ecosystems and human health.Here,we propose for the first time a MNPs capture,utilization,and storage(PCUS)concept to achieve MNPs remediation from water while meeting economically productive upcycling and environmentally sustainable plastic waste management.A highly efficient capturing material derived from surface-modified woody biomass waste(M-Basswood)is developed to remove a broad spectrum of multidimensional and compositional MNPs from water.The M-Basswood delivered a high and stable capture efficiency of>99.1%at different pH or salinity levels.This exceptional capture performance is driven by multiscale interactions between M-Basswood and MNPs,involving physical trapping,strong electrostatic attractions,and triggered MNPs cluster-like aggregation sedimentation.Additionally,the in vivo biodistribution of MNPs shows low ingestion and accumulation of MNPs in the mice organs.After MNPs remediation from water,the M-Basswood,together with captured MNPs,is further processed into a high-performance composite board product where MNPs serve as the glue for utilization and storage.Furthermore,the life cycle assessment(LCA)and techno-economic analysis(TEA)results demonstrate the environmental friendliness and economic viability of our proposed full-chain PCUS strategy,promising to drive positive change in plastic pollution and foster a circular economy.