2023年度数理科学部基金项目评审工作综述

本文总结了2023年国家自然科学基金委员会数理科学部的项目申请、同行评议和资助情况,并总结了科学基金的改革进展。

Strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials

In recent years,two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals materials have emerged as a focal point in materials research,drawing increasing attention due to their potential for isolating and synergistically combining diverse atomic layers.Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are one of the most alluring van der Waals materials owing to their exceptional electronic and optical properties.The tightly bound excitons with giant oscillator strength render TMDs an ideal platform to investigate strong light-matter coupling when they are integrated with optical cavities,providing a wide range of possibilities for exploring novel polaritonic physics and devices.In this review,we focused on recent advances in TMD-based strong light-matter coupling.In the foremost position,we discuss the various optical structures strongly coupled to TMD materials,such as Fabry-Perot cavities,photonic crystals,and plasmonic nanocavities.We then present several intriguing properties and relevant device applications of TMD polaritons.In the end,we delineate promising future directions for the study of strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials.

Celecoxib enhances the response of tumor cells to cisplatin through upregulating PUMA in non–small cell lung cancer carrying wild-type p53

Celecoxib,a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor,can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy;however,its effect seems inconsistent.In this study,we investigated whether celecoxib would increase the antiproliferative effects of cisplatin in human lung cancer cells.Our data demonstrated the synergistic effects of celecoxib with cisplatin in wild-type p53 cells and their antagonistic effects inmutated or deleted p53 cells.Combination indices of 0.82 to 0.93 reflected a synergistic effect between celecoxib and cisplatin in lung cancer cells with wild-type p53.Combination indices of 1.63 to 3.00 reflected antagonism between celecoxib and cisplatin in lung cancer cells with mutated or deleted p53.Compared with that in cells with mutated or deleted p53,apoptosis significantly increased with the addition of celecoxib and cisplatin in wild-type p53 cells(P<0.05).Moreover,the results in vivo were similar to those in vitro:celecoxib combinedwith cisplatin slowed tumor growth in wild-type p53 groups and not in mutated or deleted p53 groups.In addition,celecoxib promoted p53 translocation into the nucleus and upregulated active p53 expression in wild-type p53 cells.Celecoxib combined with cisplatin upregulated PUMA(PUMA is a downstream gene of p53)after active p53 increased in wild-type p53 cells.In summary,the combination of celecoxib and cisplatin demonstrates clear synergistic effects in wild-type p53 cells and antagonistic effects inmutated or deleted p53 cells.The synergistic effect was achieved by apoptosis,induced by upregulating PUMA.Our results will provide a new treatment strategy for patients carrying wild-type p53,insensitive to cisplatin.

Cost Optimization of Steel Beam-to-Column Connections using AVOA

The joint-bolt-African Vulture optimization algorithm(AVOA)model is proposed for the design of building connections to improve the stability of steel beam-to-column connections.For this algorithm,the type of steel is first determined,and the number of bolts needed by the corresponding steel type is referenced in Eurocode 3.Then,the bearing capacity of the joint can be calculated.The joint-bolt-AVOA model is established by substituting the bolt number required by the steel into the algorithm to obtain the optimal bolt number required while ensuring joint stability.The results show that the number of bolts required by the joint-bolt-AVOA model based on the stability of steel is lower than that calculated by Eurocode 3.Therefore,AVOA can effectively optimize the number of bolts needed in building connections and save resources.

Green Construction and Sustainable Development

The past decade has seen the rapid development of green construction in many civil engineering. Green construction of civil engineering can play an important role in addressing the issue of reducing contamination. A common strategy used to study green construction of civil engineering to decrease contamination, decrease waste of energy, and increase utilization ratio of resource. Evidence suggests that green construction of civil engineering is among the most important factors for saving energy. Along with this growth in development of green construction, however there is increasing concern over sustainable development. While green construction of civil engineering presents a promising direction, some of the essential prerequisites can be cumbersome to acquire and can restrict decrease contamination. Therefore the primary goal of this article is through rational use of green construction technology, decrease contamination of water resource, enhance manipulation of electric energy consumption.

An ADRC Parameters Self-Tuning Control Strategy of Tension System Based on RBF Neural Network

High precision control of substrate tension is the premise and guarantee for producing high-quality products in roll-to-roll precision coating machine.However,the complex relationships in tension system make the problems of decoupling control difficult to be solved,which has limited the improvement of tension control accuracy for the coating machine.Therefore,an ADRC parameters self-tuning decoupling strategy based on RBF neural network is proposed to improve the control accuracy of tension system in this paper.Firstly,a global coupling nonlinear model of the tension system is established according to the composition of the coating machine,and the global coupling model is linearized based on the first-order Taylor formula.Secondly,according to the linear model of the tension system,a parameters self-tuning decoupling algorithm of the tension system is proposed by integrating feedforward control,ADRC and RBF.Finally,the simulation results show that the proposed tension control strategy has good decoupling control performance and effectively improves the tension control accuracy for the coating machine.

偶氮苯衍生物(E)-1-phenyl-2-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)diazene的超快光异构动力学研究

当暴露在特定波长的光下时,偶氮苯及其衍生物会通过异构化从反式转变为顺式.由于偶氮苯在光照下发生颜色变化的能力,它在各种分子器件和功能材料中得到了广泛应用.然而,尽管有大量关注实际应用方面的研究,但对偶氮苯光化学反应和顺反异构化背后的物理机制仍需进一步探索、本文采用飞秒受激拉曼光谱技术和瞬态吸收光谱技术结合量子化学计算方法,对偶氮苯衍生物trans-AZOTIPS((E)-1-phenyl-2-((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)diazene)超快异构化动力学过程进行了深入研究.结果显示,在光激发条件下,trans-AZOTIPS分子经历由激发态S_(1)向热基态S_(0)^(*)的快速跃迁,并伴随着沿C-N=N键进行的顺反异构化.此外,还考察了溶剂粘度对trans-AZOTIPS分子异构化过程的影响,并发现溶剂粘度变化不会影响其异构化的弛豫时间;这表明该异构化过程呈现出一-种被称为“呼啦扭转”的体积守恒的结构变化特征.最后,处于热基态S_(0)^(*)上的trans-AZOTIPS分子通过振动冷却过程回到基态S_(0).

Extremely Anisotropic Thermoelectric Properties of SnSe Under Pressure

SnSe has attracted extensive attention due to its ultralow thermal conductivity and excellent thermoelectric properties.In this work,pressure-induced thermoelectric properties of Pnma SnSe are investigated via first-principles calculations.We uncover distinct energy isosurfaces topology transition of conduction band by applying pressure.The newly created conduction band valley caused by pressure has a distinct anisotropic shape compared to the old one.Inducing pressure can greatly enhance the anisotropy of electronic transport properties of the n-type Pnma SnSe.Furthermore,the lattice thermal conductivity also exhibits anisotropic behavior under pressure due to a special collaged phonon mode.The pressure-induced lattice thermal conductivity along the a-axis shows a slower growth trend than that along the b-axis and c-axis.The optimal ZT value of the n-type Pnma SnSe along the a-axis can reach 1.64 at room temperature.These results would be helpful for designing the Pnma SnSe-based materials for the potential thermoelectric and valleytronic applications.

High Efficiency and Anomalous Photoacoustic Behavior in Vertical CNTs Array

Miniaturized sound generators are attractive to realize intriguing functions.Thermoacoustic device’s application is seriously limited due to the frequency-doubling phenomenon.To address this issue,photoacoustic sound generator is considered as a promising alternative.Here,based on vertical single-wall carbon nanotubes(CNTs)array,we introduce a photoacoustic sound generator with internal nano-Helmholtz cavity.Different from traditional device that generates sound by periodically heating up the open space air around material,this sound generator produces an audio signal by forming a forced vibration of the air inside the CNTs.Interestingly,anomalous photoacoustic behavior is observed that the sound pressure level(SPL)curve has a resonance peak,the corresponding frequency of which is inversely proportional to the CNTs array’s height.Furthermore,the energy conversion efficiency of this photoacoustic device is 1.64 times as large as that of a graphene sponge-based photoacoustic device.Most importantly,this device can be employed for music playing,bringing a new clew for the development of musical instruments in the future.

Extracting Power Transformer Vibration Features by a Time-Scale-Frequency Analysis Method

In order to take advantage of the merits of WPT and HHT in feature extraction from vibration signals of power transformer, a time-scale-frequency analysis method is developed based on the combination of these two techniques. This method consists of two steps. First, the desirable wavelet packet nodes corresponding to characteristic frequency bands of power transformer are selected through a Correlation Degree Threshold Screening (CDTS) technique for reconstructing a time-domain signal that contains useful information of power transformer. Second, the HHT is then conducted on the reconstructed signal to track the instantaneous frequencies corresponding to natural characteristics of power transformer. Experimental results are provided by analyzing a real power transformer vibration signal. Compared with the features extracted by directly using HHT, the features obtained by the proposed method reveal clearer condition pattern of the transformer, which shows the potential of this method in condition monitoring of power transformer.

Reconstruction and Dynamics of the Human Intestinal Microbiome Observed In Situ

The human gut microbiome has primarily been studied through the use of fecal samples,a practice that has generated vital knowledge on the composition and functional capacities of gastrointestinal microbial communities.However,this reliance on fecal materials limits the investigation of microbial dynamics in other locations along the gastrointestinal tract(in situ),and the infrequent availability of fecal samples prevents analysis at finer temporal scales(e.g.,hours).In our study,we utilized colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing,a technology originally developed for fecal microbiota transplantation,to sample the ileocecal microbiome twice daily;metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses were then conducted on these samples.A total of 43 ileocecal and 28 urine and fecal samples were collected from five healthy volunteers.The ileocecal and fecal microbiomes,as profiled in the five volunteers,were found to be similar in metagenomic profiling,yet their active genes(metatranscriptome)were found to be highly distinct.Both microbiomes were perturbed after laxative exposure;over time,they exhibited reduced dissimilarity to their pre-treatment state,thereby demonstrating resilience as an innate property of the gut microbiome,although they did not fully recover within our observation time window.Sampling of the ileocecal microbiome during the day and at night revealed the existence of diurnal rhythms in a series of bacterial species and functional pathways,particularly those related to short-chain fatty acid production,such as Propionibacterium acnes and coenzyme A biosynthesis Ⅱ.Autocorrelation analysis and fluctuations decomposition further indicated the significant periodicity of the diurnal oscillations.Metabolomic profiling in the fecal and urine samples mirrored the perturbance and recovery in the gut microbiome,indicating the crucial contribution of the gut microbiome to many key metabolites involved in host health.This study provides novel insights into the human gut microbiome and its inner resilience and diurnal rhythms,as well as the potential consequences of these to the host.

Field monitoring of railroad embankment vibration responses in seasonally frozen regions

To investigate the vibration characteristics of a railway subgrade in different seasons, three field experiments were carried out in the seasonally frozen Daqing area of China during spring, smnmer, and winter. The vibration characteristics and attenuation rates of the subgrade induced by passing trains were investigated, and the influences of the season, train speed, train type, train load, and number of train compartments are described in this paper. The results show that： （1） near the rail track the vibration in the vertical direction was more significant than in the lateral and longitudinal directions, and as the distance from the railway track increased, the acceleration amplitudes and the attenuation rates all decreased in all three directions; （2） the acceleration amplitudes and at- tenuation rates decreased in the three different study seasons as the distance from the railway track increased, and the attenuation rates in the freezing period were the largest; and （3） the acceleration amplitude induced by a freight train was greater than that by a passenger train, and the subgrade vibration increased with increasing passenger train speeds when the number of train compart- ments was similar. These results have great significance for enhanced understanding of the characteristics of wain-induced vibra- tion embankment response in seasonally frozen regions, and provide essential field monitoring data on train-induced vibrations in order to improve the performance criteria of railroading in seasonally frozen regions.

Formation of multifaceted nano-groove structure on rutile TiO_(2) photoanode for efficient electron-hole separation and water splitting

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water-splitting using solar energy holds great promise for the renewable energy future,and a key challenge in the development of industry viable PEC devices is the unavailability of high-efficient photoanodes.Herein,we designed a TiO_(2) model photocatalyst with nano-groove pattern and different surface orientation using low-energy Ar+irradiation and photoetching of TiO_(2),and significantly improved the intrinsic activity for PEC water oxidation.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy directly manifests that the grooves consist of highly stepped surface with<110>steps and well-crystallized.Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the groove surface that allows for increased recovery lifetime,which ensures promoted electron-hole separation efficiency.Surface photovoltage directly shows the carrier separation and transportation behaviors,verified by selective photodeposition,demonstrating the groove surface on TiO_(2) contributes to electron-hole separation.This work proposes an efficient and scalable photoanode strategy,which potentially can open new opportunities for achieving efficient PEC water oxidation performance.

Association of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and smoking status with lung cancer risk

Objective Long-term cigarette smoke exposure damages the airway epithelium.However,the correlation among GSTM1 gene polymorphism,smoking status,and lung cancer susceptibility remains unclear.This study aimed to identify the genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and examine the association of GSTM1 polymorphism and smoking history with lung cancer susceptibility.Methods The genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in 217 lung cancer patients and 198 controls.The demographic data and smoking history of the patients were collected.The age,sex,and residence of the two groups were also obtained.Results Significant differences in GSTM1 polymorphism were observed between the case and control groups(P=0.024).Smoking time and smoking index were significantly different between the case and control groups.With the increase in smoking time and smoking index,the differences became more obvious.There was a synergistic effect between GSTM1 and smoking(S=3.35).The risk of developing lung cancer increased 4.82 fold in smokers carrying deficient-type GSTM1.Compared with patients carrying wild-type GSTM1,the risk of developing lung cancer was higher in those carrying deficient-type GSTM1 with the increase in smoking time and smoking index.In different pathological types,no significant differences were observed in GSTM1 polymorphism.In different pathological types,the proportions of patients increased with the increase in smoking time and smoking index,especially the proportion of patients with squamous cell carcinoma.Compared with wild-type GSTM1,the proportion of patients with deficient-type GSTM1 increased with the increase in smoking time and smoking index(P=0.003 and 0.017).This trend was mainly observed in those with squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion GSTM1 mutation is associated with lung cancer susceptibility.Smokers carrying deficienttype GSTM1 are more likely to develop lung cancer.Compared with patients carrying wild-type GSTM1,smokers with deficient-type GSTM1 are more likely develop lung cancer when smoking time is more than 30 years and smoking index is more than 400.In patients carrying deficient-type GSTM1,the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma increases with an increase in smoking time and smoking dose.

Test on dynamic characteristics of subgrade of heavy-haul railway in cold regions

Dynamic characteristics of heavy-haul railway subgrade under vibratory loading in cold regions are investigated via low-temperature dynamie triaxial tests with multi-stage eyelic loading process. The relationship between dynamic shear stress and dynamic shear strain of frozen soil of subgrade under train loading and the influence of freezing temperatures on dynamic constitutive relation, dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio are observed in this study. Test results show that the dynamic constitutive relations of the frozen soils with different freezing temperatures comply with the hyperbolic model, in which model parameters a and b decrease with increasing freezing temperature. The dynamic shear modulus of the frozen soils decreases with increasing dynamic shear strains initially, followed by a relatively smooth attenuation tendency, whereas increases with decreasing freezing temperatures. The damping ratios decrease with decreasing freezing temperatures. Two linear functions are defined to express the linear relationships between dynamic shear modulus （damping ratio） and freezing temperature, respectively, in which corresponding linear coefficients are obtained through multiple regression analysis of test data.

Cisplatin selects for CD133+cells in lung cancer cells

Objective Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer,but the chemoresistance of tumor cells continues to be a considerable challenge in the management of NSCLCs,leading to recurrence of most patients.CD133(prominin-1)is a five-transmembrane glycoprotein,and recent evidence suggests that CD133+cells are the cause of drug resistance and tumor recurrence.In this study,the correlation between cisplatin and CD133+cells was investigated systematically.Methods Four lung cancer cell lines,including A549,H460,801D and H1299,were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin.Cell viability was determined by MTT assay.Sphere-forming assay was performed to detect the capability of sphere-forming.CD133+cells was detected by BD FACScaliber flow cytometer.Results The results showed that cisplatin could increase the number of CD133+cells in both time-and dose-dependent manner.The enrichment would weaken but the proportion of CD133+cells was still higher than the basic level as incubation time extended after cisplatin was withdrawn.Compared with adherent culture,the proportion of CD133+cells was higher when the cells were maintained suspension culture.The proportion of CD133+cells significantly increased when cisplatin was provided in suspension culture.Conclusion These results revealed that cisplatin induces the enrichment of CD133+cells and CD133 is a new therapeutic target.Our data partially explained drug resistance to second-line chemotherapy in cisplatin-treated patients with NSCLCs.

Electronic Coupling of Single Atom and FePS_3 Boosts Water Electrolysis

Engineering the electronic structure of surface active sites at the atomic level can be an efficient way to modulate the reactivity of catalysts.Herein,we report the rational tuning of surface electronic structure of FePS_(3) nanosheets(NSs)by anchoring atomically dispersed metal atom.Theoretical calculations predict that the strong electronic coupling effect in single-atom Ni-FePS_(3) facilitates electron aggregation from Fe atom to the nearby Ni-S bond and enhances the electron-transfer of Ni and S sites,which balances the oxygen species adsorption capacity,reinforces water adsorption and dissociation process to accelerate corresponding oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The optimal Ni-FePS_(3)NSs/C exhibits outstanding electrochemical water-splitting activities,delivering an overpotential of 287 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) and a Tafel slope of 41.1 mV dec^(-1) for OER;as well as an overpotential decrease of 219 mV for HER compared with pure FePS_(3)NSs/C.The concept of electronic coupling interaction between the substrate and implanted single active species offers an additional method for catalyst design and beyond.

Numerical simulation of vibrational response characteristics of railway subgrades with insulation boards

This study presents a numerical method based on the surface temperature data and the ground temperature increase in Daqing for predicting temperature field distribution in the Binzhou Railway subgrade and analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of freeze−thaw status of railway subgrade.The calibrated numerical method is applied to simulate the temperature field distribution and roadbed vibrational response of the railway subgrade with a thermal insulation layer at different seasons.The results show the following:(1)The thermal insulation layer can remarkably increase the soil temperature below it and maximum frost depth in the subgrade.(2)Thermal insulation can effectively reduce the subgrade vibration and protect it from frost damage.(3)Given that the strength requirements are met,the insulation layer should be buried as shallow as possible to effectively reduce the subgrade vibration response.The research findings provide theoretical support for the frost damage prevention of railway subgrades in seasonally frozen regions.

Two Phase Flow Simulation of Fractal Oil Reservoir Based on Meshless Method

The reservoir is the networked rock skeleton of an oil and gas trap,as well as the generic term for the fluid contained within pore fractures and karst caves.Heterogeneity and a complex internal pore structure characterize the reservoir rock.By introducing the fractal permeability formula,this paper establishes a fractal mathematical model of oil-water two-phase flow in an oil reservoir with heterogeneity characteristics and numerically solves the mathematical model using the weighted least squares meshless method.Additionally,the method’s correctness is verified by comparison to the exact solution.The numerical results demonstrate that the fractal oil-water two-phase flow mathematical model developed using the meshless method is capable of more accurately and efficiently describing the flow characteristics of the oil-water two-phase migration process.In comparison to the conventional numerical model,this method achieves a greater degree of convergence and stability.This paper examines the effect of varying the initial viscosity of the oil,the initial formation pressure,and the production and injection ratios on daily oil production per well,water cut in the block,and accumulated oil in the block.For 10 and 60 cp initial crude oil viscosities,the water cut can be 0.62 and 0.80,with 3100 and 1900 m^(3)cumulative oil production.Initial pressures have little effect on production.In this case,the daily oil production of well PRO1 is 1.7 m^(3)at 7 and 10 MPa initial pressure.Block cumulative oil production is 3465.4 and 2149.9m^(3)when the production injection ratio is 1.4 and 0.8.The two-phase meshless method described in this paper is essential for a rational and effective study of production dynamics patterns in complex reservoirs and the development of reservoir simulations of oil-water flow in heterogeneous reservoirs.

Cross-cultural Education Model for Foreign Students in China Inte­grating Ideological and Political Education

With the deepening the“One Belt and One Road”construction,the exchanges between China and other countries in the world are increasingly frequent,the number of foreign students in China is rising,and there are cross-cultural adaptability problems of foreign students in China.The education of foreign students in China undertakes the mission of serving the national external development strategy.In order to better serve the“One Belt and One Road”construction,relying on tradition industry advantage of the School of Civil Engineering,Central South University in civil engineering and railway engineering,a set of cross-cultural education model for foreign students in China integrating ideological and political education is explored and practiced in the foreign student education management of the curriculum system,daily management,cross-cultural counseling,social practice and cultural exchanges,which can be summarized as“one goal,two combinations,three approaches,four abilities and five management measures”.This management model can effectively enhance the cross-cultural adaptability of foreign students,cultivate the emotion of knowing and being friendly to China,improve the education quality of foreign students in China,enhance the international education influence of the Central South University,and promote the spread of Chinese culture.