BACKGROUND Gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma(GHA)is a rare and aggressive cancer that is characterized by foci with features of both hepatocellular differentiation and adenomatous differentiation.However,there is curren...BACKGROUND Gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma(GHA)is a rare and aggressive cancer that is characterized by foci with features of both hepatocellular differentiation and adenomatous differentiation.However,there is currently no standard treatment for this disease,which has a poor prognosis.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old male with a body mass index of 20.9 was diagnosed with GHA with perigastric lymph node and liver metastasis.He underwent first-line chemotherapy but that failed.Pembrolizumab and bevacizumab with chemotherapy were used in the second-line treatment.The progression-free survival and overall survival were 14 mo and 16 mo,respectively,after treatment.In addition,the main adverse reaction was tolerable.The patient did not die of tumor progression.CONCLUSION The combination of pembrolizumab and bevacizumab with chemotherapy is an effective and safe regimen for GHA and may be recommended as a new choice for GHA treatment.Further studies should evaluate this treatment in a larger cohort or a randomized controlled trial.展开更多
Drought and low temperature are two key environmental factors that induce adult citrus flowering. However, the underlying regulation mechanism is poorly understood. The bZIP transcription factor FD is a key component ...Drought and low temperature are two key environmental factors that induce adult citrus flowering. However, the underlying regulation mechanism is poorly understood. The bZIP transcription factor FD is a key component of the florigen activation complex(FAC) which is composed of FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT), FD, and 14-3-3 proteins. In this study, isolation and characterization of CiFD in citrus found that there was alternative splicing(AS) of CiFD, forming two different proteins(CiFDα and CiFDβ). Further investigation found that their expression patterns were similar in different tissues of citrus, but the subcellular localization and transcriptional activity were different. Overexpression of the CiFD DNA sequence(CiFD-DNA), CiFDα, or CiFDβ in tobacco and citrus showed early flowering, and CiFD-DNA transgenic plants were the earliest, followed by CiFDβ and CiFDα. Interestingly, CiFDα and CiFDβ were induced by low temperature and drought, respectively. Further analysis showed that CiFDαcan form a FAC complex with CiFT, Ci14-3-3, and then bind to the citrus APETALA1(CiAP1) promoter and promote its expression. However,CiFDβ can directly bind to the CiAP1 promoter independently of CiFT and Ci14-3-3. These results showed that CiFDβ can form a more direct and simplified pathway that is independent of the FAC complex to regulate drought-induced flowering through AS. In addition, a b HLH transcription factor(CibHLH96) binds to CiFD promoter and promotes the expression of CiFD under drought condition. Transgenic analysis found that CibHLH96 can promote flowering in transgenic tobacco. These results suggest that CiFD is involved in drought-and low-temperature-induced citrus flowering through different regulatory patterns.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma(GHA)is a rare and aggressive cancer that is characterized by foci with features of both hepatocellular differentiation and adenomatous differentiation.However,there is currently no standard treatment for this disease,which has a poor prognosis.CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old male with a body mass index of 20.9 was diagnosed with GHA with perigastric lymph node and liver metastasis.He underwent first-line chemotherapy but that failed.Pembrolizumab and bevacizumab with chemotherapy were used in the second-line treatment.The progression-free survival and overall survival were 14 mo and 16 mo,respectively,after treatment.In addition,the main adverse reaction was tolerable.The patient did not die of tumor progression.CONCLUSION The combination of pembrolizumab and bevacizumab with chemotherapy is an effective and safe regimen for GHA and may be recommended as a new choice for GHA treatment.Further studies should evaluate this treatment in a larger cohort or a randomized controlled trial.
基金supported financially by the National Major Research and Development Plan (2018YFD1000104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072521, 31772252, 31901963, and 31872045)。
文摘Drought and low temperature are two key environmental factors that induce adult citrus flowering. However, the underlying regulation mechanism is poorly understood. The bZIP transcription factor FD is a key component of the florigen activation complex(FAC) which is composed of FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT), FD, and 14-3-3 proteins. In this study, isolation and characterization of CiFD in citrus found that there was alternative splicing(AS) of CiFD, forming two different proteins(CiFDα and CiFDβ). Further investigation found that their expression patterns were similar in different tissues of citrus, but the subcellular localization and transcriptional activity were different. Overexpression of the CiFD DNA sequence(CiFD-DNA), CiFDα, or CiFDβ in tobacco and citrus showed early flowering, and CiFD-DNA transgenic plants were the earliest, followed by CiFDβ and CiFDα. Interestingly, CiFDα and CiFDβ were induced by low temperature and drought, respectively. Further analysis showed that CiFDαcan form a FAC complex with CiFT, Ci14-3-3, and then bind to the citrus APETALA1(CiAP1) promoter and promote its expression. However,CiFDβ can directly bind to the CiAP1 promoter independently of CiFT and Ci14-3-3. These results showed that CiFDβ can form a more direct and simplified pathway that is independent of the FAC complex to regulate drought-induced flowering through AS. In addition, a b HLH transcription factor(CibHLH96) binds to CiFD promoter and promotes the expression of CiFD under drought condition. Transgenic analysis found that CibHLH96 can promote flowering in transgenic tobacco. These results suggest that CiFD is involved in drought-and low-temperature-induced citrus flowering through different regulatory patterns.
