Herders'willingness to accept compensation for grassland grazing ban in Northwest China

Payment for Ecosystem Services(PES)has been widely acknowledged as an effective tool for mitigating grassland degradation and enhancing ecosystem services provision.However,critical factors,such as herders'willingness to accept(WTA)preferences and compensation expectations,are often overlooked,leading to insufficient effectiveness of PES initiatives.This study focused on grassland ecological compensation policy(GECP),quantifying herders'WTA compensation for grassland grazing bans.Through face-to-face surveys and employing the contingent valuation method,we estimated households'WTA for participating in a grassland conservation program to bolster ecosystem service provision.Our findings indicated that herders required an average compensation of 237 CNY mu^(-1)yr^(-1)to engage in the grazing ban program.Notably,herders'environmental awareness positively influenced their willingness to participate,whereas larger family sizes were negatively correlated with WTA.Additionally,herders in better health,with higher livestock incomes or categorized as semi-herders,tended to accept lower compensation levels.These insights are crucial for improving the effectiveness of GECP and provide valuable reference points for similar analyses in economically disadvantaged and ecologically fragile regions.

Regarding the Regulatory Sandbox Route and Mechanism for Governance of Artificial Intelligence

The main challenge in AI governance today is striking a balance between controlling AI dangers and fostering AI innovation.Regulators in a number of nations have progressively extended the regulatory sandbox,which was first implemented in the banking sector,to AI governance in an effort to reduce the conflict between regulation and innovation.The AI regulatory sandbox is a new and feasible route for AI governance in China that not only helps to manage the risks of technology application but also prevents inhibiting AI innovation.It keeps inventors'trial-and-error tolerance space inside the regulatory purview while offering a controlled setting for the development and testing of novel AI that hasn't yet been put on the market.By providing full-cycle governance of AI with the principles of agility and inclusive prudence,the regulatory sandbox offers an alternative to the conventional top-down hard regulation,expost regulation,and tight regulation.However,the current system also has inherent limitations and practical obstacles that need to be overcome by a more rational and effective approach.To achieve its positive impact on AI governance,the AI regulatory sandbox system should build and improve the access and exit mechanism,the coordination mechanism between the sandbox and personal information protection,and the mechanisms of exemption,disclosure,and communication.

新乌克兰风格 基辅NARODNYI DIM商店

位于乌克兰首都基辅的“NARODNYI DIM”,长久以来一直是基辅居民与游客探寻乌克兰臻品与手工纪念品的首选之地。这个坐落在雅罗斯拉夫瓦尔,紧邻金门的空间,不仅汇聚了众多乌克兰友人,更承载着深厚的乌克兰文化情感。近期,MAKH+NO工作室受邀对NARODNYI DIM进行新一轮的翻新,旨在保留传统价值的同时,赋予其新的艺术生命。

数字乡村建设中农民参与的动力因素及行动逻辑——基于曹县D村试点实践的案例考察

基于山东省曹县D村数字乡村试点典型案例,运用参与式治理理论和CLEAR模型,采用访谈法、参与式观察等质性研究法,实证分析农民参与数字乡村建设的动力因素及行动逻辑。结果表明:作为建设和维系乡村社会秩序的中坚力量,农民参与数字乡村建设主要受“自愿做、被邀请做、使能够做、能够做、作为回应做”等五大微观动因的影响;受五大因素驱动,农民主体重点遵循“数字认同-数字赋权-数字参与-数字协商”的行动路径参与数字乡村建设,且形成一个参与程度不断加深的动态闭环过程,但在参与实践中也依然存在一些不可避免的参与困境。据此,建议进一步激发农民参与的内生意愿、保障农民参与的渠道畅通、提升农民参与的能力素养及维护农民参与的协商环境,从而提升数字乡村建设整体效能。

行动网络视域下乡村治理共同体构建的机制研究——基于湖北省D村的工作实践

基于行动者网络理论构建“搭建-拓展”分析框架,以湖北省D村“共同缔造”试点工作为样本,运用质性分析方法对D村治理共同体的形成过程进行解析,梳理各行动者在乡村治理共同体的角色与作用。结果表明:乡村治理共同体是在核心行动者主导下,通过行动者网络“关系重塑-利益联结-动态调适”实现异质行动者行动一致的治理样态,其关键在于核心行动者借助行动者网络联盟创造公共价值,以高度的利益关联和情感联结夯实乡村治理共同体的基础,以持续的动态调适保障乡村治理共同体的长效。据此,建议通过核心行动者构建异质行动者网络、多维度满足异质行动主体利益诉求、动态调整行动主体及其目标等途径构建乡村治理共同体。

创设WDO:数字贸易全球治理的中国方案

当代以国际法为基础的国际秩序建构于二战后由联合国、WTO等国际组织规则体制运行的一整套国际法律规范之上。随着人类社会由工业文明进入数字文明,“生产大爆炸”激发“交易大爆炸”,数据作为生产要素驱动新质生产力发展,原有的国际规则体系无法满足基于“平台、数据、算法”的新型法律关系的规则需求,这一问题在经贸领域尤为突出。在数字经济时代,数据跨境交易、生成式人工智能跨境服务贸易等数字贸易新形态应运而生,WTO框架下传统的货物贸易、服务贸易规则无法直接适用于这一新兴领域,因而产生新的规则需求。然而,由于基础国际数字规则的缺失,WTO数字贸易议题谈判及WTO自身改革因各成员方无法达成共识长期陷入僵局。在此背景下,美国绕开WTO,通过区域贸易协定构建排斥中国的数字贸易生态圈,进一步加剧了数字贸易规则的碎片化。所以,单靠传统国际组织多边体制无法完全满足新的国际法律关系的需求。基于此,本文提出由中国主导创设世界数据组织(WDO)专注于数字国际规则的构建这一创新性的尝试,为经贸等专门领域的全球治理提供基础制度支撑,为构建公正的世界秩序贡献中国方案。当然,传统法律关系并未消亡,WDO与传统国际组织体制下的规则协调同样重要。

基于Word2Vec和LDA主题模型的中国省级五年规划“文化政策”文本研究

运用Word2Vec和LDA相结合的主题模型分析技术,对我国31个省份三个时期五年规划文本中文化政策部分进行主题识别,从时间和空间两个维度进行“文化政策”主题挖掘和演化分析。研究发现,“文化政策”主题在发展趋势、重点转移、政策导向、技术应用等方面随时间推移呈现不同演化趋势;四大区域受经济发展水平、文化资源禀赋、政策导向影响,在企业角色强调程度、地区特色旅游发展以及国家级项目和竞争力方面存在地域差异。

Understanding the Unique Characteristics of Suicide in China: National Psychological Autopsy Study

Objective To compare the characteristics of suicides in the four main demographic groups： urban males, urban females, rural males and rural females in order to help clarify the demographic pattern of suicides in China. Methods A detailed psychological autopsy survey instrument was independently administered to 895 suicide victims in family members and close associates from 23 geographically representative locations from around the country. Results Pesticide ingestion accounted for 58% （519） of all suicides and 61% （3181519） of deaths were due to unsuccessful medical resuscitation. A substantial proportion （37%） of suicide victims did not have a mental illness. Among the 563 victims with mental illness, only 13% （76/563） received psychiatric treatment. Compared to other demographic groups, young rural females who died from suicide had the highest rate of pesticide ingestion （79%）, the lowest prevalence of mental illness （39%）, and the highest acute stress from precipitating life events just prior to the suicide. Contusion Many suicides in China are impulsive acts of deliberate self-harm following acute interpersonal crises. Prevention of suicides in China must focus on improving awareness of psychological problems, improving mental health services, providing alternative social support networks for managing acute interpersonal conflicts, limiting access to pesticides, and improving the resuscitation skills of primary care providers.

美国CLOUD法案数据跨境执法中的安全风险与中国的应对

数据是数字经济时代重要的国家战略资源,数据跨境流动亦是其中的重要一环。囿于犯罪活动呈现数字化和跨境化态势,数据跨境执法成为打击网络犯罪的重要手段,但基于执法目的的数据出境对数据存储国的影响重大。美国凭借“数据自由”话语体系通过CLOUD法案推出以“数据控制者标准”为核心的数据管辖模式,进而依托网络服务提供者实施“长臂管辖”,使得我国数据被动出境和被调取而引发的国家数据安全风险大幅提升。我国应将数据主权作为数据跨境流动的法理基础,探索控制数据安全风险的制度工具,包括基于国家主权调适“数据控制者”标准模式,完善数据跨境调取安全规则和审查机制,以阻断法限制单边数据跨境执法,对美国的相关“长臂管辖”进行有效制衡。

Research on the Construction of Intellectual Property System and Optimization of Business Environment in China

With the rapid development of globalization and information technology,intellectual property has been one of the key drivers of economic growth,and the construction of intellectual property system has become an important criterion for measuring the quality of business environment.This article is intended to explore the current status of intellectual property system construction in China,the challenges,and its relationship with the business environment,to propose the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The study finds that the legal system of intellectual property in China is gradually improving,and judicial and administrative protection are continuously strengthened.However,the challenges still remain such as frequent infringements,rights hard to protect and insufficient international cooperation.These issues not only affect the legitimate rights and interests of innovation entities,but also for the market fairness and the level of the business environment.Therefore,this article proposes that strengthening the perfection of the intellectual property legal system,enhancing intellectual property services and support capabilities,strengthening international cooperation and exchanges,and accelerating the cultivation of composite talents.It aims to provide theoretical references for the construction of intellectual property system and the optimization of the business environment,promote the high-quality development of economy and enhance the global competitiveness of the country.

司法正义的区差规律——基于量刑地区差异的Blinder-Oaxaca分解

司法正义是一个兼具普遍正义和差序正义的复合体。司法正义的普遍性源自法治统一原则的内在规定性,而司法正义的差序性则属于区域发展差序结构之产物。以刑事司法为例,基于量刑地区差异的Blinder-Oaxaca分解,可以客观地呈现司法正义的区差规律:法定因素是导致量刑地区差异的主要原因,罪行严重程度越高的地区,其量刑结果越重;非法定因素即法官的自由裁量对量刑地区差异的影响是有限的;社会经济发展水平深刻影响法官的个案认知,社会经济发展水平越高的地区,法官对相同犯罪数额危害程度的认定越宽松。为此,有必要建立裁判辅助系统,根据地区经济指标对犯罪数额进行折算,引入量刑地区差异的监测模型,并且强化裁判文书的撰写规范,以确保将正义区差控制在合理的范围内。

Impact of correlated private signals on continuous-time insider trading

A model of continuous-time insider trading in which a risk-neutral in-sider possesses two imperfect correlated signals of a risky asset is studied.By conditional expectation theory and filtering theory,we first establish three lemmas:normal corre-lation,equivalent pricing and equivalent profit,which can guarantee to turn our model into a model with insider knowing full information.Then we investigate the impact of the two correlated signals on the market equilibrium consisting of optimal insider trading strategy and semi-strong pricing rule.It shows that in the equilibrium,(1)the market depth is constant over time;(2)if the two noisy signals are not linerly correlated,then all private information of the insider is incorporated into prices in the end while the whole information on the asset value can not incorporated into prices in the end;(3)if the two noisy signals are linear correlated such that the insider can infer the whole information of the asset value,then our model turns into a model with insider knowing full information;(4)if the two noisy signals are the same then the total ex ant profit of the insider is increasing with the noise decreasing,while down to O as the noise going up to infinity;(5)if the two noisy signals are not linear correlated then with one noisy signal fixed,the total ex ante profit of the insider is single-peaked with a unique minimum with respect to the other noisy signal value,and furthermore as the noisy value going to O it gets its maximum,the profit in the case that the real value is observed.

Comparative Analysis and Legal Reflection on the Boundaries of Human Rights Due Diligence in the Supply Chain

As global supply chains become increasingly lengthy and complex, human rights due diligence in the supply chain is becoming a controversial focal point in the accountability of multinational corporations. In recent years, legislative practices in the field of human rights due diligence have shown a trend from voluntary soft law toward mandatory hard law, and from corporate due diligence for their own operations towards extended due diligence for the entire supply chain. However, there is a divergence in national practices regarding the extent to which human rights due diligence should extend along the supply chain and the manner in which it should be incorporated into domestic legal policies. International soft law interpretations surrounding the boundaries of human rights due diligence in the supply chain are decentralized, posing risks of interpretation diversification, boundary blurring, and procedural formalization, as well as risks of misinterpretation and misuse. Meanwhile, some countries and regions are vigorously promoting mandatory legislation on human rights due diligence in the supply chain, which has profound implications for the stability of global supply chains and the international economic and trade order. Against this backdrop, it is crucial to explore the reasonable boundaries of human rights due diligence in the supply chain. Instead of applying a one-size-fits-all approach,the rationality of legal factors and the complexity of practical factors should be considered, applying context-specific measures based on the varying degrees of linkage between companies and negative human rights impacts in the supply chain. China should be particularly wary of the “chilling effect” of mandatory legislation on human rights due diligence in the supply chain, attaching great importance to national supply chain security and international supply chain competitiveness.Additionally,China should actively promote the implementation of voluntary human rights due diligence under the United Nations framework, and accelerate the enhancement of China's discourse power in the international rule-making process in the fields of industry and commerce as well as human rights.

On the Rule of Law Path for Inclusive Education to Empower Education Assistance for Persons with Disabilities

Inclusive education is the mainstream of developing education for persons with disabilities worldwide.It advocates the recognition and protection of the right of persons with disabilities to receive inclusive education in mainstream schools.From the perspective of inclusive education,the educational assistance system for persons with disabilities represents a theoretical innovation in traditional educational support methods,playing a crucial role in integrating persons with disabilities into society,reversing their disadvantaged status,and maintaining educational equity.At present,China's legal system for inclusive education assistance for persons with disabilities needs improvement,and faces several obstacles,including conceptual“limited capacity”,“monotonous”subjects,“crowding-out”obstacles and supervision“absence”obstacles.It is urgent to begin with the transformation of the rule of law concept,clarify the legal positioning of multiple responsibility subjects,achieve mutual reinforcement of education law and education aid legislation,establish a supervision system for inclusive education assistance,and improve the legal framework for educational assistance for persons with disabilities.This will ensure that persons with disabilities can successfully realize their right to education,share in the benefits of social development,and ultimately contribute to achieving common prosperity.

Analysis of Standards and Effects of Police Indirect Court of Human Rights——Taking“Akbay and Others v.Germany”as an Example

The European Court of Human Rights(ECtHR)has ruled that illegal indirect entrapment must meet three criteria simultaneously.This mixed standard requires that the previous direct entrapment violates the“essentially passive,”subsequent indirect entrapment satisfies the“reasonable foreseeability,”and police entrapment of secondary defendants to commit crimes is considered“decisive.”The legal consequences of indirect entrapment are distinguished between general indirect entrapment and illegal indirect entrapment.The basic position of the ECtHR on the consequences of illegal indirect entrapment has shifted from supporting mitigating penalties to recognizing procedural dismissal,and general indirect entrapment is considered a mitigating factor in sentencing.Against the backdrop of increasing internationalization of criminal justice standards,the above criteria and positions have strong implications for the improvement of relevant rules in China.

DNA提取扩增检测一体化工作站关键技术研究进展

依托“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目,在多色荧光检测、微流控提取扩增、精密注胶泵、集成式恒温卡盒、24通道毛细管阵列、基因信息安全等方面进行全面创新,采用“微流控提取扩增结合激光诱导荧光-毛细管电泳、自动基因分型”技术体系,首次设计了兼顾大通量、高精度、样本进-结果出的全集成DNA检测一体化工作站,实现全集成的DNA样本高效提取扩增和高精度检测,大幅降低技术使用难度,显著提高设备检测性能。成果推广应用后,在解决公安机关专业技术人员缺乏、专业实验室建设难、专业实验室运维难等问题方面作用显著,对实现DNA检验核心技术装备自主保障、推进我国法庭科学DNA核心技术装备跨越式发展具有重大战略意义。

Role of self-help groups on socioeconomic development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)among rural women in Cooch Behar District,India

This study examines the transformative role of self-help groups(SHGs)in the socioeconomic development of rural women in Cooch Behar District,India,and their contribution toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United Nations.In this study,we explored the effect of SHGs on rural women by specifically addressing SDGs,such as no poverty(SDG 1),zero hunger(SDG 2),good health and well-being(SDG 3),quality education(SDG 4),and gender equality(SDG 5).Given this issue,a cross-sectional survey and comparison analyses are needed to assess the socioeconomic development of rural women and their awareness level before and after the participation of rural women in SHGs.The survey conducted as part of this study was divided into three sections,namely,demographic characteristics,socioeconomic development,and awareness level,with each focusing on different aspects.A group of 400 individuals who were part of SHGs completed the questionnaire survey form.The results showed that the participation of rural women in SHGs significantly improved their socioeconomic development and awareness level,as supported by both mean values and t test results.Memberships in SHGs and microcredit programs were the major elements that boosted the socioeconomic development of rural women,which also achieves SDGs 1,2,3,4,and 5.This study revealed that participation in SHGs and related financial services significantly aided rural women in economically disadvantaged communities in accumulating savings and initiating entrepreneurial ventures.Moreover,participation in SHGs was instrumental in enhancing the self-confidence,self-efficacy,and overall self-esteem of rural women.Finally,doing so enabled them to move more freely for work and other activities and to make family and common decisions.

Socio-economic vulnerability level in the Jeneberang watershed in Gowa Regency,South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia

Jeneberang watershed is vital,particularly for people living in Gowa Regency(South Sulawesi Province,Indonesia),who benefit from its many advantages.Landslides and floods occur every year in the Jeneberang watershed,so it is imperative to understand the socio-economic vulnerability of this region.This research aims to identify the vulnerability level of the Jeneberang watershed so that the government can prioritize areas with high vulnerability level and formulate effective strategies to reduce these the vulnerability.Specifically,this study was conducted in 12 districts located in the Jeneberang watershed.The primary data were collected from questionnaires completed by community members,community leaders,and various stakeholders,and the secondary data were from the Landsat satellite imagery in 2020,the Badan Push Statistic of Gowa Regency,and some governmental agencies.The socio-economic vulnerability variables were determined using the Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis(MCDA)method,and each variable was weighted and analyzed using the Geographical Information System(GIS).The study reveals that the levels of socio-economic vulnerability are affected by variables such as population density,vulnerable groups(disabled people,elderly people,and young people),road network and settlement,percentage of poor people,and productive land area in the Jeneberang watershed.Moreover,all of the 12 districts in the Jeneberang watershed are included in the medium vulnerability level,with the mean percentage of socio-economic vulnerability around 50.92%.The socio-economic vulnerability of Bajeng,Pallangga,and Somba Opu districts is categorized at high level,the socio-economic vulnerability of Bungaya,Parangloe,and Tombolo Pao districts is classified as medium level,and the remaining 6 districts(Barombong,Bontolempangan,Bontomarannu,Manuju,Parigi,and Tinggimoncong)are ranked as low socio-economic vulnerability.This study can help policy-makers to formulate strategy that contributes to the protection of biodiversity and sustainable development of the Jeneberang watershed,while improving disaster resilience and preparedness of the watershed.

An Exploration of the Three Dimensions and Epochal Strengths of Building a Human Community With a Shared Future

The idea of a human community with a shared future was proposed by the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core for the future development of human beings to face up to the most important question in today's world:“What is happening to the world and what should we do?”It profoundly answers the question of the world,history,and the times.The theory of a human community with a shared future is an innovative theory with a multidimensional formation logic that guides humanity toward continually seeking common interests and values.This paper dives into the profound motivations behind building a human community with a shared future from historical,cultural,and practical dimensions and analyzes its epochal value from both domestic and international perspectives.This not only helps exert China's role in the international community,contributing Chinese strength to the construction of a peaceful,stable,and prosperous human society,but also enhances the influence of the idea of a human community with a shared future in the international community,accelerating the building of a human community with a shared future that considers the legitimate concerns of all countries,and aiding in solving the crises facing the world.

DEPA框架下我国政府数据开放共享机制建构

《数字经济伙伴关系协定》(DEPA)创造性提出了“创新与数字经济”模块,对政府数据做出了自由开放共享的数据流动要求,这与我国政府数据开发利用理念相契合。在理念契合的基础上,却存在着政府数据开放标准不一致、政府数据开放共享各方权利义务不明确和政府数据开放共享安全保障机制有漏洞等问题。建构DEPA框架下的政府数据开放共享机制需要我们客观审视国内现行政府数据开放共享现状,以寻找问题起因。“央地互动”的立法模式、授权经营的实践探索模式和脱离DEPA的安全保障应对策略导致了前述问题。鉴于此,将从完善政府数据开放共享目录、优化政府数据授权许可协议以及合理利用“合法公共政策目标”条款三大角度构建DEPA框架下的政府数据开放共享机制。