The low-latitude sodium layer:comparative data from lidar observations at Hainan,China and São Paulo,Brazil

Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere.Metallic sodium detected by lidar can yield clues to dynamic and chemical processes in these spatial layers above the Earth’s atmosphere.This paper is based on sodium layer data collected at two low-latitude stations,one in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern.The low-latitude sodium layer exhibits conspicuous seasonal variations in shape,density,and altitude;these variations are similar between Earth’s hemispheres:sodium layer density at both stations reaches its seasonal maximum in autumn and minimum in summer.However,maximal Na density over Brazil is greater than that over Hainan.Nocturnal variations of Na density above the two low-latitude stations are also similar;at both,maxima are observed before sunrise.Some variations of the Na layer over Brazil that differ from those observed in the northern hemisphere may be related to the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly(SAMA)or fountain effect.We suggest that low-latitude Na layer data may provide useful additional evidence that could significantly improve the low-latitude part of the WACCM-Na model.

月壤如何造水

月壤矿物由于太阳风亿万年的辐照,储存了大量的氢。借助聚光镜汇聚光镜汇聚的光能将其加热至500℃后,氢与月壤矿物中的铁氧化物发生氧化还原反应,生成单质铁和大量水。当温度升高至1000℃以上时,月壤矿物开始熔化,反应生成的水会以水蒸气的形式释放。

光稀释效应对O_(2)近红外气辉星载测风的影响

利用星载光谱成像干涉仪测量O_(2)(a^(1)Δ^(g))日辉的多普勒频移信息是目前实现全球临近空间大气风场探测的先进技术手段,观测谱线O 19 P 18(7772.030 cm^(-1))的多普勒频移,可以在40~80 km的空间区域进行高精度和高灵敏度的风速测量,然而其探测精度受大气散射的具体影响尚不明晰。文章旨在分析光稀释效应对临近空间大气风场探测的影响,并对其引起的测风误差进行定量评估。首先介绍了O_(2)(a^(1)Δ^(g))光谱和大气散射的光谱特性。采用最新的HITRAN光谱参数、光化学反应速率常数以及大气模型计算得到O_(2)(a^(1)Δ^(g))不同反应机制的贡献。结合光化学反应速率计算得到O_(2)(a^(1)Δ^(g))的体辐射率,并分析了太阳天顶角对体辐射率分布的影响,基于爱因斯坦系数和谱线强度分别计算得到O_(2)(a^(1)Δ^(g))在不同温度和自吸收效应条件下的光谱辐射模型,并分析了不同地理气象因素对大气散射光谱造成的影响。其次,介绍了临边观测多普勒非对称空间外差光谱仪(DASH)的测量技术原理,描述了如何去除大气散射分量以生成纯净的气辉干涉图,基于DASH仪器概念对获取干涉图像的正演过程进行了阐释。再次,针对反演问题引入了“剥洋葱算法”,在考虑自吸收效应和光稀释效应影响的情况下,消除了目标层上方大气层贡献,解决了干涉图像中目标层信息的提取问题。最后,通过误差分析得到了大气风场探测精度廓线及其随地理气象因素影响的变化规律,证明光稀释效应的存在降低了干涉图对比度并增加了测量噪声,这对临边观测权重和有效信噪比产生了不利影响。研究表明,在45~80 km的切线高度范围内,测风精度受大气散射的影响较小,其误差约为2~3 m·s^(-1);而在45 km以下,测风精度受光稀释效应的影响随海拔高度的降低而急剧增大,且受地表反照率、气溶胶和云量等因素的影响而显著升高,在同时考虑三种因素影响的情况下,其探测下限最低约为40 km。

Leveraging ROTI map derived from Indonesian GNSS receiver network for advancing study of Equatorial Plasma Bubble in Southeast/East Asia

This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning accuracy.Managed by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude regions.Ina-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast Asia.We provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this network.We generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific research.Two preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are noteworthy.First,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther eastward.Second,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East Asia.We have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,2024.We observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities post-midnight.By sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionospheric research.

利用低轨道卫星地磁观测反演电离层电流概述

随着现代卫星技术的发展,携带高精度磁力计的低轨道卫星成为地磁场观测的重要手段,可以提供全球持续的磁场观测,而不受地面和低空天气条件的影响.空间电流,特别是电离层电流,是引起地表和低轨道卫星高度处磁场扰动的主要来源.本文简要介绍了低轨磁测卫星的发展历史和在轨定标流程与方法,回顾了电离层电流的起源、研究历史及产生机制,并详细介绍了利用卫星磁测数据反演电离层不同电流的方法.基于地基和卫星磁测对同一电流的分析结果并不总是一致的,有时会出现明显的差异.造成这些差异的原因可能与采用不同的数据源(比如地基与卫星、卫星与卫星之间)及反演算法中的假设有关.基于有限的观测,在反演中通常要对电流的几何形状和所在位置进行一定的假设,而这些假设可能并不完全满足实际电流的分布.因此,将地基台站和卫星磁测结合起来,通过对比和交叉验证,是检验和改进电离层电流反演算法中假设的合理性的一种有效手段.利用融合后的磁场观测数据,建立更准确的电离层电流反演算法,全面分析电流的形态学和气候学特征,建立以地球磁场信号为媒介的空间天气监测理论与方法,将有助于提升人们对电离层发电机理论、磁层状态以及电离层与磁层之间能量耦合途径等科学问题的理解.

Comparative analysis of empirical and deep learning models for ionospheric sporadic E layer prediction

Sporadic E(Es)layers in the ionosphere are characterized by intense plasma irregularities in the E region at altitudes of 90-130 km.Because they can significantly influence radio communications and navigation systems,accurate forecasting of Es layers is crucial for ensuring the precision and dependability of navigation satellite systems.In this study,we present Es predictions made by an empirical model and by a deep learning model,and analyze their differences comprehensively by comparing the model predictions to satellite RO measurements and ground-based ionosonde observations.The deep learning model exhibited significantly better performance,as indicated by its high coefficient of correlation(r=0.87)with RO observations and predictions,than did the empirical model(r=0.53).This study highlights the importance of integrating artificial intelligence technology into ionosphere modelling generally,and into predicting Es layer occurrences and characteristics,in particular.

Statistical characteristics and classification of ionospheric mid-latitude trough as revealed by the observations of DMSP-F18

Statistical characteristics and the classification of the topside ionospheric mid-latitude trough are systemically analyzed,using observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F18(DMSP-F18)satellite.The data was obtained at an altitude of around 860 km in near polar orbit,throughout 2013.Our study identified the auroral boundary based on the in-situ electron density and electron spectrum,allowing us to precisely determine the location of the mid-latitude trough.This differs from most previous works,which only use Total Electron Content(TEC)or in-situ electron density.In our study,the troughs exhibited a higher occurrence rate in local winter than in summer,and extended to lower latitudes with increasing geomagnetic activity.It was found that the ionospheric mid-latitude trough,which is associated with temperature changes or enhanced ion drift,exhibited distinct characteristics.Specifically,the ionospheric mid-latitude troughs related to electron temperature(Te)peak were located more equatorward of auroral oval boundary in winter than in summer.The ionospheric mid-latitude troughs related to Te-maximum were less frequently observed at 60−70°S magnetic latitude and 90−240°E longitude.Furthermore,the troughs related to ion temperature(Ti)maximums were observed at relatively higher latitudes,occurring more frequently in winter.In addition,the troughs related to ion velocity(Vi)maximums could be observed in all seasons.The troughs with the maximum-Ti and maximum-Vi were located closer to the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval at the nightside,and in both hemispheres.This implies that enhanced ion drift velocity contributes to increased collisional frictional heating and enhanced ion temperatures,resulting in a density depletion within the trough region.

Statistical analysis on the validity of the cold plasma approximation for chorus waves based on Van Allen Probe observations and their effects on radiation belt electrons

Theoretical analysis has demonstrated that the dispersion relation of chorus waves plays an essential role in the resonant interaction and energy transformation between the waves and magnetospheric electrons.Previous quantitative analyses often simplified the chorus dispersion relation by using the cold plasma assumption.However,the applicability of the cold plasma assumption is doubtful,especially during geomagnetic disturbances.We here present a systematic statistical analysis on the validity of the cold plasma dispersion relation of chorus waves based on observations from the Van Allen Probes over the period from 2012 to 2018.The statistical results show that the observed magnetic field intensities deviate substantially from those calculated from the cold plasma dispersion relation and that they become more pronounced with an increase in geomagnetic activity or a decrease in background plasma density.The region with large deviations is mainly concentrated in the nightside and expands in both the radial and azimuthal directions as the geomagnetic activity increases or the background plasma density decreases.In addition,the bounce-averaged electron scattering rates are computed by using the observed and cold plasma dispersion relation of chorus waves.Compared with usage of the cold plasma dispersion relation,usage of the observed dispersion relation considerably lowers the minimum resonant energy of electrons and lowers the scattering rates of electrons above tens of kiloelectronvolts but enhances those below.Furthermore,these differences are more pronounced with the enhancement of geomagnetic activity or the decrease in background plasma density.

Accurate quantification of the algebraic,multiplicative algebraic,and simultaneous iterative reconstruction techniques in ionosphere rebuilding based on the TIEGCM assessment

The algebraic reconstruction technique(ART),multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(MART),and simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique(SIRT)are computational methodologies extensively utilized within the field of computerized ionospheric tomography(CIT)to facilitate three-dimensional reconstruction of the ionospheric morphology.However,reconstruction accuracy elicits recurrent disputes over its practical application,and people usually attribute this issue to incomplete and uneven coverage of the measurements.The Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model(TIEGCM)offers a reasonable physics-based ionospheric background and is widely utilized in ionospheric research.We use the TIEGCM simulations as the targeted ionosphere because the current measurements are far from able to realistically reproduce the ionosphere in detail.Optimized designations of satellite measurements are conducted to investigate the limiting performance of CIT methods in ionospheric reconstruction.Similar to common practice,electron density distributions from outputs of the International Reference Ionosphere(IRI)model are used as the iterative initial value in CIT applications.The outcomes suggest that despite data coverage,iterative initial conditions also play an essential role in ionospheric reconstruction.In particular,in the longitudinal sectors where the iterative initial height of the F2-layer peak electron density(hmF2)differs substantially from the background densities,none of the three CIT methods can reproduce the exact background profile.When hmF2 is close but the ionospheric F2-layer peak density(NmF2)is different between the targeted background and initial conditions,the MART performs better than the ART and SIRT,as evidenced by the correlation coefficients of MART being above 0.97 and those of ART and SIRT being below 0.85.In summary,this investigation reveals the potential uncertainties in traditional CIT reconstruction,particularly when realistic hmF2 or NmF2 values differ substantially from the initial CIT conditions.

Thermospheric neutral wind studies over the equatorial region:A review

Thermospheric neutral winds(TNWs)refer to the neutral gases in the thermosphere circulating as tides,which play a crucial role in the dynamics of the thermosphere-ionosphere system(TIS).Global geospace neutral winds,particularly over the magnetic equator,have been a subject of study for several decades.However,despite the known importance of neutral winds,a comprehensive understanding and characterization of the winds is still lacking.Various ground-based and satellite missions have provided valuable information on the contribution of neutral winds to the global atmospheric dynamics.However,efforts in the global monitoring of neutral winds are still lacking,and the drivers behind the behavior of TNWs as well as their influence on the TIS remain incomplete.To address these knowledge gaps in the global circulation of TNWs,it is crucial to develop a deep understanding of the neutral wind characteristics over different regions.The low-latitude equatorial region in particular has been observed to exert complex influences on TNWs because of the unique effects of the Earth’s magnetic field at the dip equator.Studying neutral winds over this region will provide valuable insights into the unique dynamics and processes that occur in this region,thereby enhancing our understanding of their role in the overall dynamics of the TIS.Additionally,through empirical observations,an improved ability to accurately model and predict the behavior of this region can be achieved.This review article addresses challenges in understanding equatorial winds by reviewing historical measurements,current missions,and the interactions of ionospheric and thermospheric phenomena,emphasizing the need for comprehensive measurements to improve global atmospheric dynamics and weather forecasting.

Sporadic E responds to the 2022 Tonga volcano eruptions recorded by the Meridian Project

In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe atmospheric disturbances caused by the Tonga volcanic eruptions on January 15,2022.The most prominent signature was the disappearance of the layer after~10:00 UT over Wuhan and Fuke,which was attributed to the vertical drift caused by the eruptions.The occurred intermittently after 13:00 UT following the arrival of the tropospheric Lamb wave.To examine the causal mechanism for the intermittence,we also included data of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region recorded by the meteor radars at Wuhan and Mohe in this study.The wind disturbances with periods of~20 hours contributed to the formation of the layer in the nighttime on January 15.

Distinct MLT asymmetry of auroral kilometric radiation observed by the FAST satellite

Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is a common radio emission,which can contribute to the magnetosphere-ionosphereatmosphere co u pling.Similar emissions have been observed in all magnetic planet magnetospheres of the solar system.In this study,using observations from the FAST satellite from 30 August 1996 to 9 September 2001,the distribution of AKR in altitude=500-4500 km and invariant latitude (|ILAT|)=60°-80°has been analyzed.63045 AKR samples have been identified with~48%(52%) samples on the dayside (nightside).Of considerable interest,there is a distinct MLT asymmetry with the high occurrence rate in MLT=05-08 and 18-22(02-05 and 12-17) in the northern (southern) hemisphere.The distinct MLT asymmetry is associated with the direction of Bxof the interplaneta ry magnetic field.In addition,the occurrence rate on the nightside clearly increases as the AE^(*) index increases.This study further enriches the information and understanding of AKR in the magnetosphere as well as other similar radio emissions.

An embedded electron current layer observed at the edge of the plasma sheet in the Earth’s magnetotail

The formation of an embedded electron current sheet within the magnetotail plasma sheet has been poorly understood.In this article,we present an electron current layer detected at the edge of the magnetotail plasma sheet.The ions were demagnetized inside the electron current layer,but the electrons were still frozen in with the magnetic field line.Thus,this decoupling of ions and electrons gave rise to a strong Hall electric field,which could be the reason for the formation of the embedded thin current layer.The magnetized electrons,the absence of the nongyrotropic electron distribution,and negligible energy dissipation in the layer indicate that magnetic reconnection had not been triggered within the embedded thin current layer.The highly asymmetric plasma on the two sides of the current layer and low magnetic shear across it could suppress magnetic reconnection.The observations indicate that the embedded electric current layer,probably generated by the Hall electric field,even down to electron scale,is not a sufficient condition for magnetic reconnection.

基于注意力机制LSTM的电离层TEC预测

电离层总电子含量(Total Electron Content,TEC)的监测与预报是空间环境研究的重要内容,对卫星通讯和导航定位等有重要意义.TEC值影响因素较多,很难确定精确物理模型来对其进行预测.本文设计了基于注意力机制的LSTM模型(Att-LSTM),采用过去24小时TEC观测数据对未来TEC进行预测.选择北半球东经100°上,每2.5°纬度选择一个位置,共计36个位置来验证本文提出模型的性能,并与主流的深度学习模型如DNN、RNN、LSTM进行对比实验.取得了如下成果:(1)在选定的36个地区未来2小时单点预测上,基于本文的Att-LSTM模型的TEC预测性能明显优于其他对比模型;(2)讨论了纬度对Att-LSTM预测未来2小时TEC值时性能的影响,发现在北纬0°到60°之间,Att-LSTM预测性能随着纬度的升高而略有降低,在北纬62.5°~87.5°之间,模型预测性能出现扰动,预测效果略差;(3)讨论了磁暴期和磁静期模型的预测性能,发现无论是磁暴期还是磁静期,本文模型预测性能均较好;(4)还讨论了对未来多时点预测效果,实验结果表明,本文所提出的模型对未来2、4个小时的预测拟合度R-Square均超过0.95,预测结果比较可靠,对未来6、8、10个小时预测拟合度最高为0.7934,预测拟合度R-Square下降迅速,预测结果不可靠.

子午工程二期宽频地磁波监测仪研制

地球的磁层中存在各种波现象,其频率从mHz延伸到数千Hz.这些波的研究一直是空间物理学研究的核心问题.针对目前世界上地磁台站的波监测设备均为各自测量相对变化、缺乏统一标定、无法进行从高纬到低纬联合观测、无法进行多台设备观测数据的统一对比研究的现状,本文综合使用磁阻传感器(探测ULF频段:1 mHz~2 Hz)、巨磁感抗传感器(探测ELF频段:0.2 Hz~2 kHz)和线圈传感器(探测VLF频段:0.2 kHz~10 kHz)研制新一代的宽频地磁波监测仪,将这些监测仪放置在120°E子午链附近的黑龙江漠河站(高纬)、北京十三陵站(中纬)、海南乐东站(低纬)等典型区域的地磁台站上,并对各个台站的设备进行统一的时间、振幅和频率标定,结合FY-3E、SMILE等近地空间卫星数据,全面提升对地球磁层的各种波现象的探测能力.研制的宽频地磁波监测仪的性能测试实验表明,其具有对一定频率(1 mHz~10 kHz)的波的探测能力;其幅度探测范围为:±65000 nT(ULF频段)、±1000 nT(ELF频段)、±100 pT(VLF频段);在量程范围内又具有较低的非线性误差:ULF频段≤0.0446%、ELF频段≤0.51%、VLF频段≤1.18%;噪声水平也较低:RMS(方均根)噪声≤0.5554 nT(ULF频段)、NPS(功率谱)噪声≤0.028 nT/√Hz(ELF频段)、NPS(功率谱)噪声≤0.24 pT/√Hz(VLF频段).所有这些特点使得所提出的宽频地磁波监测仪能够满足子午工程二期的波探测需求.

基于深度卷积神经网络的频高图特征提取研究

本文提出了一种利用深度卷积神经网络的频高图特征提取方法,在频高图不同层回波信息标记的基础上,构建包含降采样部分和上采样部分的频高图回波识别网络模型,实现了频高图不同回波信息自动识别.利用试验获取的频高图数据,通过人工对频高图中电离层不同层的回波信息分别标记,生成网络模型样本数据集.以随机方式,选取样本数据集80%的数据作为训练数据,其余数据作为测试数据.经网络模型训练和测试,结果显示网络模型能够自动有效地识别测试频高图中不同层的回波信息.在此基础上,结合数字图像处理中的腐蚀算法和连通域思想,针对性地设计滤波器,滤除已识别回波信息中的噪声、干扰、多跳回波,能够实现测试频高图特征参数的有效提取.并且通过与传统方法比较,该方法特征提取精度整体上优于传统方法,可为频高图特征的自动、精确提取提供一种新的技术方法.

谱特征选择对电离层闪烁事件识别的影响分析

对闪烁事件进行快速有效识别是GNSS应用的重要需求,为此利用不同时期、不同区域、不同系统信号测量,比较分析了利用机器学习方法基于不同信号功率谱参数进行闪烁事件识别的性能。分析的不同情形中,闪烁识别模型精度最高可达98.5%,最低为91.3%,其精度均可优于90%,表明利用闪烁信号功率谱特征可建立闪烁事件的有效识别方法。进一步分析指出,降低截止频率有助于提高闪烁识别模型的精度,这表明基于谱特征进行闪烁事件识别的主要依据是Fresnel频率附近一定频谱范围内存在谱强度显著降低这一特征。这个结论也从谱分析角度说明了利用高精度GNSS参考站接收机常规观测(1 Hz)进行闪烁事件识别的可能。对闪烁功率谱进行拟合,并利用拟合的谱特征参数建立识别模型,可进一步提高闪烁事件识别精度,并减少模型所需参数。

基于双层聚类信息的极光亚暴自动检测

极光亚暴与太阳风和地球磁场的耦合过程有着紧密的联系,对其发生和发展机制的研究,有助于深入地分析行星际磁场、地球磁层和地球电离层的相互作用,了解太阳风携带的大量能量在地球空间的输运过程,对地球空间环境预警具有重要的意义。Polar卫星搭载的紫外极光图像成像仪能够全天候地获取紫外极光图像,在紫外极光图像中可以完整地展示出极区极光的亮度和尺度变化,尤其是可以清晰地展示出亚暴膨胀相的极光点亮和亮斑膨胀现象。现有的极光亚暴事件检测方法通常需要人工设计特征和相关规则库,耗时耗力。本文利用紫外极光图像提出了基于双层聚类信息的亚暴事件检测方法,实现了紫外极光图像数据中的亚暴事件自动检测。同时,针对极光亚暴事件检测依赖手工设计特征,设计了子空间聚类指导的三维卷积特征自动提取网络;针对极光图像帧间存在成像角度差异,利用地磁纬度和磁地方时信息对极光序列中图像的空间位置进行校正;针对卫星成像位置变化导致的成像噪声,利用极光图像级聚类保留极光亮斑区域和剔除未成像或噪声区域。主观和客观实验结果表明,本算法提升了亚暴事件检测的查全率。

太阳抵近探测计划——观测位置的新突破

太阳抵近探测计划(SCOPE)旨在突破高温和强辐射防护、长距离运载、远距离轨道控制和先进载荷等一系列极限技术,将探测器投送至距太阳中心仅有5个太阳半径的位置上,深入太阳大气层进行探测,研究太阳附近极亮、极热的深空探测“无人区”,在全新的位置上对太阳进行超近距离原位探测和遥感观测,针对磁场和等离子体结构实现空间分辨率优于0.1"的观测。探测器将穿越太阳爆发磁重联电流片,显微观测太阳爆发磁结构,原位探测磁重联电流片、日冕物质抛射与激波以及各类带电粒子,以推动揭示太阳爆发理论机理。探测器将在最靠近太阳的区域显微监测和探测日冕中尺度小于0.1"的纳耀斑、光球中尺度小于0.06"的磁场和速度场结构及其演化特征,确认日冕加热机制;探测太阳风重离子电荷态,确认太阳起源及加速机制。探测器还将在最接近太阳的区域内与原位探测日冕磁场,显微观测太阳极区磁场和等离子体结构和演化特征;揭示太阳附近尘埃分布特征,进入无尘埃区,确定太阳系尘埃盘内边界。困扰太阳物理界近百年的两个科学难题,即太阳爆发机理难题和日冕加热与太阳风加速机理难题,随着该计划的顺利实施将被破解;在最接近日心的位置处实现日冕磁场,包括太阳极区磁场原位探测“0到1”的突破也将实现。本文将介绍SCOPE的背景、科学目标和预期产出、有效载荷以及卫星平台关键技术。

2020年7月22日阿拉斯加7.8级地震同震电离层扰动分析

利用全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)、电离层测高仪和地震仪数据,从振幅及波形、时空分布、传播速度与方向、时频域等角度对2020年阿拉斯加7.8级地震同震电离层扰动(Co-seismic ionospheric disturbances,CIDs)特性进行探究.卫星G03、G04和G09在地震西部探测到3类CIDs,最大扰动幅度约0.1 TECU (1 TECU=10^(16) el/m~2),并且均沿着地震断层破裂延伸方向(西南方向)传播;而在地震北部与东部未发现CIDs.根据CIDs的速度及中心频率将其分为三类,第一类为高速传播的CIDs(速度约为2.93 km·s^(-1)),中心频率约11 mHz,符合瑞利波激发的电离层扰动特征;第二类CIDs的传播速度约为1.69 km·s^(-1)和1.55 km·s^(-1),中心频率约4.5 mHz和4.7 mHz,符合声波引起的电离层扰动频率;第三类CIDs速度约为0.98 km·s^(-1)和1.11 km·s^(-1),中心频率约2.9 mHz,可能为声波引起的另一类电离层扰动.同时,利用CIDs时空数据估计的CIDs扰动源位置与震中较为接近,进一步说明电离层扰动由地震激发.通过对GNSS站及地震仪位移的分析,估计了地震瑞利波沿西南方向传播速度与第一类CIDs较为吻合,验证了第一类CIDs由瑞利波激发,且断层的垂直位移是引起电离层扰动的重要因素.测高仪观测到电离层临界频率(f_(0)F_(2))发生显著波动,探测到CIDs的传播速度约1.02 km·s^(-1),传播速度和方向与卫星G03、G04探测的CIDs较为吻合,推断其属于第三类CIDs.