The pathophysiology of Huntington's disease involves high levels of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid accumulation results in oxidative stress, which leads to neurotoxicity. However, the molecular an...The pathophysiology of Huntington's disease involves high levels of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid accumulation results in oxidative stress, which leads to neurotoxicity. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which quinolinic acid contributes to Huntington's disease pathology remain unknown. In this study, we established in vitro and in vivo models of Huntington's disease by administering quinolinic acid to the PC12 neuronal cell line and the striatum of mice, respectively. We observed a decrease in the levels of hydrogen sulfide in both PC12 cells and mouse serum, which was accompanied by down-regulation of cystathionine β-synthase, an enzyme responsible for hydrogen sulfide production. However, treatment with NaHS(a hydrogen sulfide donor) increased hydrogen sulfide levels in the neurons and in mouse serum, as well as cystathionine β-synthase expression in the neurons and the mouse striatum, while also improving oxidative imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells and the mouse striatum. These beneficial effects correlated with upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression. Finally, treatment with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2inhibitor ML385 reversed the beneficial impact of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on quinolinic acid-induced oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings show that hydrogen sulfide reduces oxidative stress in Huntington's disease by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,suggesting that hydrogen sulfide is a novel neuroprotective drug candidate for treating patients with Huntington's disease.展开更多
Huntington’s disease(HD)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and cortex.Patients can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms...Huntington’s disease(HD)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and cortex.Patients can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms,inclusive of choreatic movements and rigidity,mood and psychiatric symptoms,such as depression and apathy,and cognitive symptoms,such as cognitive decline.The causal mutation underlying HD results from an expansion of a CAG repeat sequence on the IT15 gene,resulting in the formation and accumulation of a mutant huntingtin protein.展开更多
In 1872, George Huntington presented his essay “On Chorea” to the Meigs and Mason Academy of Medicine and, in doing so, detailed a disease that would later bear his name. Huntington's disease(HD) is a genetic, n...In 1872, George Huntington presented his essay “On Chorea” to the Meigs and Mason Academy of Medicine and, in doing so, detailed a disease that would later bear his name. Huntington's disease(HD) is a genetic, neurodegenerative disease that manifests as the loss of motor control,cognitive impairment,and mood and psychiatric changes in paents.展开更多
Huntington'sdisease(HD)isahereditary neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently no effectivetreatmentavailable.Consequently,the development of appropriate disease models is critical to thoroughly inve...Huntington'sdisease(HD)isahereditary neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently no effectivetreatmentavailable.Consequently,the development of appropriate disease models is critical to thoroughly investigate disease progression.The genetic basis of HD involves the abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin(HTT)gene,leading to the expansion of a polyglutamine repeat in the HTT protein.Mutant HTT carrying the expanded polyglutamine repeat undergoes misfolding and forms aggregates in the brain,which precipitate selective neuronal loss in specific brain regions.Animal models play an important role in elucidating the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as HD and in identifying potential therapeutic targets.Due to the marked species differences between rodents and larger animals,substantial efforts have been directed toward establishing large animal models for HD research.These models are pivotal for advancing the discovery of novel therapeutic targets,enhancing effective drug delivery methods,and improving treatment outcomes.We have explored the advantages of utilizing large animal models,particularly pigs,in previous reviews.Since then,however,significant progress has been made in developing more sophisticated animal models that faithfully replicate the typical pathology of HD.In the current review,we provide a comprehensive overview of large animal models of HD,incorporating recent findings regarding the establishment of HD knock-in(KI)pigs and their genetic therapy.We also explore the utilization of large animal models in HD research,with a focus on sheep,non-human primates(NHPs),and pigs.Our objective is to provide valuable insights into the application of these large animal models for the investigation and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.展开更多
舞蹈病-棘红细胞增多症(chorea-acanthocytosis,ChAc)是一种罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病,其临床特征较为复杂,可累及运动、神经、精神及内分泌等多个系统,常伴有头颈部不自主运动、进行性舞蹈样运动障碍、认知能力下降等临床表现,极易与...舞蹈病-棘红细胞增多症(chorea-acanthocytosis,ChAc)是一种罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病,其临床特征较为复杂,可累及运动、神经、精神及内分泌等多个系统,常伴有头颈部不自主运动、进行性舞蹈样运动障碍、认知能力下降等临床表现,极易与麦克劳德综合征、类亨廷顿病2型、泛酸激酶相关的神经退行性等疾病相混淆[1];液泡蛋白分类同源物13A(vacuolar protein sorting homolog 13A,VPS13A)基因编码蛋白chorein对于维持细胞膜正常结构及神经元细胞功能具有重要作用,其突变与CHAc发病相关。现将南昌大学第一附属医院诊治的1例VPS13A基因双位点纯合突变致ChAc患者报告如下。展开更多
Huntington’s disease (HD)(OMIM 143100) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a monogenic mutation in the huntingtin gene (HTT),which induces typical midlife onset and age-dependent progression...Huntington’s disease (HD)(OMIM 143100) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a monogenic mutation in the huntingtin gene (HTT),which induces typical midlife onset and age-dependent progression with major symptoms including choreic movements,psychiatric disorders,and cognitive impairment(Gusella et al.,2021).After the 1993 discovery of a pathogenic expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat beyond 35 in HTT exon 1 as a causative factor for HD,many animal,mammalian cell and yeast models expressing mutant HTT (mHtt) with abnormal CAG repeats have been created to study CAG repeat-induced toxicity (Naphade et al.,2019;Gusella et al.,2021).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271327 (to ZW),82072535 (to ZW),81873768 (to ZW),and 82001253 (to TL)。
文摘The pathophysiology of Huntington's disease involves high levels of the neurotoxin quinolinic acid. Quinolinic acid accumulation results in oxidative stress, which leads to neurotoxicity. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which quinolinic acid contributes to Huntington's disease pathology remain unknown. In this study, we established in vitro and in vivo models of Huntington's disease by administering quinolinic acid to the PC12 neuronal cell line and the striatum of mice, respectively. We observed a decrease in the levels of hydrogen sulfide in both PC12 cells and mouse serum, which was accompanied by down-regulation of cystathionine β-synthase, an enzyme responsible for hydrogen sulfide production. However, treatment with NaHS(a hydrogen sulfide donor) increased hydrogen sulfide levels in the neurons and in mouse serum, as well as cystathionine β-synthase expression in the neurons and the mouse striatum, while also improving oxidative imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells and the mouse striatum. These beneficial effects correlated with upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression. Finally, treatment with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2inhibitor ML385 reversed the beneficial impact of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on quinolinic acid-induced oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings show that hydrogen sulfide reduces oxidative stress in Huntington's disease by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,suggesting that hydrogen sulfide is a novel neuroprotective drug candidate for treating patients with Huntington's disease.
文摘Huntington’s disease(HD)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and cortex.Patients can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms,inclusive of choreatic movements and rigidity,mood and psychiatric symptoms,such as depression and apathy,and cognitive symptoms,such as cognitive decline.The causal mutation underlying HD results from an expansion of a CAG repeat sequence on the IT15 gene,resulting in the formation and accumulation of a mutant huntingtin protein.
文摘In 1872, George Huntington presented his essay “On Chorea” to the Meigs and Mason Academy of Medicine and, in doing so, detailed a disease that would later bear his name. Huntington's disease(HD) is a genetic, neurodegenerative disease that manifests as the loss of motor control,cognitive impairment,and mood and psychiatric changes in paents.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0805300,2021YFA0805200)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170981,82371874,82394422,82171244,82071421,82271902)+1 种基金Guangzhou Key Research Program on Brain Science (202007030008)Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (2021ZT09Y007,2020B121201006,2018B030337001)。
文摘Huntington'sdisease(HD)isahereditary neurodegenerative disorder for which there is currently no effectivetreatmentavailable.Consequently,the development of appropriate disease models is critical to thoroughly investigate disease progression.The genetic basis of HD involves the abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin(HTT)gene,leading to the expansion of a polyglutamine repeat in the HTT protein.Mutant HTT carrying the expanded polyglutamine repeat undergoes misfolding and forms aggregates in the brain,which precipitate selective neuronal loss in specific brain regions.Animal models play an important role in elucidating the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as HD and in identifying potential therapeutic targets.Due to the marked species differences between rodents and larger animals,substantial efforts have been directed toward establishing large animal models for HD research.These models are pivotal for advancing the discovery of novel therapeutic targets,enhancing effective drug delivery methods,and improving treatment outcomes.We have explored the advantages of utilizing large animal models,particularly pigs,in previous reviews.Since then,however,significant progress has been made in developing more sophisticated animal models that faithfully replicate the typical pathology of HD.In the current review,we provide a comprehensive overview of large animal models of HD,incorporating recent findings regarding the establishment of HD knock-in(KI)pigs and their genetic therapy.We also explore the utilization of large animal models in HD research,with a focus on sheep,non-human primates(NHPs),and pigs.Our objective is to provide valuable insights into the application of these large animal models for the investigation and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
文摘舞蹈病-棘红细胞增多症(chorea-acanthocytosis,ChAc)是一种罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病,其临床特征较为复杂,可累及运动、神经、精神及内分泌等多个系统,常伴有头颈部不自主运动、进行性舞蹈样运动障碍、认知能力下降等临床表现,极易与麦克劳德综合征、类亨廷顿病2型、泛酸激酶相关的神经退行性等疾病相混淆[1];液泡蛋白分类同源物13A(vacuolar protein sorting homolog 13A,VPS13A)基因编码蛋白chorein对于维持细胞膜正常结构及神经元细胞功能具有重要作用,其突变与CHAc发病相关。现将南昌大学第一附属医院诊治的1例VPS13A基因双位点纯合突变致ChAc患者报告如下。
基金National Institute of General Medical Sciences grant (SC1GM1111178)to JX。
文摘Huntington’s disease (HD)(OMIM 143100) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a monogenic mutation in the huntingtin gene (HTT),which induces typical midlife onset and age-dependent progression with major symptoms including choreic movements,psychiatric disorders,and cognitive impairment(Gusella et al.,2021).After the 1993 discovery of a pathogenic expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat beyond 35 in HTT exon 1 as a causative factor for HD,many animal,mammalian cell and yeast models expressing mutant HTT (mHtt) with abnormal CAG repeats have been created to study CAG repeat-induced toxicity (Naphade et al.,2019;Gusella et al.,2021).
