为了揭示青花菜花球表面蜡粉代谢物的成分差异,以青花菜蜡粉缺失突变体和野生型为试材,基于气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry,GC-TOF-MS)联用技术的非靶向代谢组学,对青花菜蜡粉缺失突变体和...为了揭示青花菜花球表面蜡粉代谢物的成分差异,以青花菜蜡粉缺失突变体和野生型为试材,基于气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry,GC-TOF-MS)联用技术的非靶向代谢组学,对青花菜蜡粉缺失突变体和野生型的花球主要代谢通路及其产物进行深入分析,并采用单变量和多元变量统计分析及数据库注释筛选差异显著的代谢物。结果表明,青花菜花蕾蜡粉中共检测出显著差异代谢物24种,包括14种氨基酸类、4种有机酸类、1种脂肪酸类、1种胺类、1种糖类和3种其他类次生代谢物;其中,下调的有18种,包括了13种氨基酸类。综合富集分析和拓扑分析获得11条重要性凸显的代谢通路,其中差异最显著的代谢通路是氨基酸的生物合成,其次是次生代谢物的生物合成;而重要性最大的是色氨酸代谢。推测青花菜蜡粉缺失可以通过调节色氨酸代谢、次生代谢物生物合成以及氨基酸生物合成等途径,调节青花菜花蕾中氨基酸类和有机酸类等次生代谢产物的物质含量,进而调控花球的生长、营养品质以及耐寒性。展开更多
Carotenoids and chlorophylls are among the most widely distributed pigments in nature that play essential roles in the photosynthetic apparatus and confer diverse colours in plants.Among all vegetables,cauliflower(Bra...Carotenoids and chlorophylls are among the most widely distributed pigments in nature that play essential roles in the photosynthetic apparatus and confer diverse colours in plants.Among all vegetables,cauliflower(Brassica oleracea L.ssp.var.botrytis)is rich in phytochemicals and is an important crop grown all over the world.This study investigates carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations in differently pigmented cultivars and elucidates the role of transcriptional regulation of carotenoid accumulation including lutein andβ-carotene.Here,we characterised changes in pigments by UHPLC-DAD-ToF-MS and changes in transcript levels of carotenoid metabolic genes by qRT-PCR in florets and leaves of orange(‘Jaffa'and‘Sunset'),purple(‘Di Sicilia Violetto'and‘Graffiti'),green(‘Trevi')and white(‘Clapton')cultivars.Transcript levels of all carotenoid metabolic genes showed different transcript level patterns in the leaves and florets.Compared to the other cultivars,the orange cultivars had the highest levels ofβ-carotene in the florets and lutein in the leaves resulting in changes lutein/β-carotene ratios.In the green cultivar,higher transcript levels were also found,especially for phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase genes of the core biosynthesis pathway.However,no increased carotenoid concentrations were observed,possibly due to a higher carotenoid turnover induced by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 in the green cultivar.In the white(‘Clapton')and purple(‘Di Sicilia Violetto'and‘Graffiti')cultivars the phytoene desaturase transcript levels as well as carotenoid concentrations were low.Chlorophyll concentrations changed in trend comparable to the carotenoid concentrations and were only significantly lower in the leaves of the orange cultivar‘Jaffa'.Also,the chlorophyll a/b ratio changed in‘Jaffa'.In florets the highest chlorophylls concentrations were observed for the green cultivar(‘Trevi')and the purple cultivar(‘Di Sicilia Violetto').Taken together,the study demonstrates the complex source-sink relationship of carotenoid accumulation in different coloured cauliflower.展开更多
文摘为了揭示青花菜花球表面蜡粉代谢物的成分差异,以青花菜蜡粉缺失突变体和野生型为试材,基于气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry,GC-TOF-MS)联用技术的非靶向代谢组学,对青花菜蜡粉缺失突变体和野生型的花球主要代谢通路及其产物进行深入分析,并采用单变量和多元变量统计分析及数据库注释筛选差异显著的代谢物。结果表明,青花菜花蕾蜡粉中共检测出显著差异代谢物24种,包括14种氨基酸类、4种有机酸类、1种脂肪酸类、1种胺类、1种糖类和3种其他类次生代谢物;其中,下调的有18种,包括了13种氨基酸类。综合富集分析和拓扑分析获得11条重要性凸显的代谢通路,其中差异最显著的代谢通路是氨基酸的生物合成,其次是次生代谢物的生物合成;而重要性最大的是色氨酸代谢。推测青花菜蜡粉缺失可以通过调节色氨酸代谢、次生代谢物生物合成以及氨基酸生物合成等途径,调节青花菜花蕾中氨基酸类和有机酸类等次生代谢产物的物质含量,进而调控花球的生长、营养品质以及耐寒性。
基金supported by the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food(BLE)of Germany[Grant No.2816DOKI07(Carcauli)]。
文摘Carotenoids and chlorophylls are among the most widely distributed pigments in nature that play essential roles in the photosynthetic apparatus and confer diverse colours in plants.Among all vegetables,cauliflower(Brassica oleracea L.ssp.var.botrytis)is rich in phytochemicals and is an important crop grown all over the world.This study investigates carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations in differently pigmented cultivars and elucidates the role of transcriptional regulation of carotenoid accumulation including lutein andβ-carotene.Here,we characterised changes in pigments by UHPLC-DAD-ToF-MS and changes in transcript levels of carotenoid metabolic genes by qRT-PCR in florets and leaves of orange(‘Jaffa'and‘Sunset'),purple(‘Di Sicilia Violetto'and‘Graffiti'),green(‘Trevi')and white(‘Clapton')cultivars.Transcript levels of all carotenoid metabolic genes showed different transcript level patterns in the leaves and florets.Compared to the other cultivars,the orange cultivars had the highest levels ofβ-carotene in the florets and lutein in the leaves resulting in changes lutein/β-carotene ratios.In the green cultivar,higher transcript levels were also found,especially for phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase genes of the core biosynthesis pathway.However,no increased carotenoid concentrations were observed,possibly due to a higher carotenoid turnover induced by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 in the green cultivar.In the white(‘Clapton')and purple(‘Di Sicilia Violetto'and‘Graffiti')cultivars the phytoene desaturase transcript levels as well as carotenoid concentrations were low.Chlorophyll concentrations changed in trend comparable to the carotenoid concentrations and were only significantly lower in the leaves of the orange cultivar‘Jaffa'.Also,the chlorophyll a/b ratio changed in‘Jaffa'.In florets the highest chlorophylls concentrations were observed for the green cultivar(‘Trevi')and the purple cultivar(‘Di Sicilia Violetto').Taken together,the study demonstrates the complex source-sink relationship of carotenoid accumulation in different coloured cauliflower.
