Rainfall-induced wind erosion in soils stabilized with alkali-activated waste materials

This study evaluates the efficacy of sustainable erosion control using slag-based alkali-activated cement crusts under varying rainfall and wind conditions. The rainfall intensities ranged from 30 mm/h to 120 mm/h, with durations ranging from 15 min to 90 min, and crust slopes of ∼2° (gentle) and 30° (steep). Wind tunnel experiments were conducted at wind velocities of 14 m/s, 21 m/s, and 28 m/s to investigate post-rainfall wind erodibility, along with changes in crust strength and microstructure analysis. The findings show the development of hydrated cementitious phases in alkali-activated material, which form around and between the particles during the alkaline activation process. Alkali-activated cement crusts significantly reduced erosion caused by rainfall and subsequent wind by several orders of magnitude. At the highest rainfall intensity of 120 mm/h, rainfall erosion was measured to be 1654.81 kg/m2 for untreated samples and 0.89 kg/m2 for treated samples, demonstrating a substantial 99.95% reduction in erosion due to the treatment. Similarly, at the highest wind speed tested, wind erosion was 122.75 kg/m2 for untreated samples and 0.095 kg/m2 for treated samples, indicating a significant 99.92% reduction in erosion due to the formation of an alkali-activated cement crust on the soil surface. However, exposure of the samples to 120 mm/h rainfall for 90 min resulted in a 5.2-fold increase in wind erosion compared to pre-rainfall conditions. Similarly, penetrometer results indicated a 37%–54% reduction in post-rainfall surface strength.

Application of DynaCT biliary soft tissue reconstruction technology in diagnosis and treatment of hepatolithiasis

BACKGROUND Hepatobiliary stone disease involves an intrahepatic bile duct stone that occurs above the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts.One-step percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy(PTCSL)using the percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation(PTOBF)technique enables the clearing of intrahepatic stones and the resolution of strictures.However,hepatolithiasis with associated strictures still has high residual and recurrence rates after one-step PTCSL.DynaCT can achieve synchronized acquisition with a flat-panel detector during C-arm rotation.The technical approach and application value of DynaCT biliary soft tissue reconstruction technology for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatolithiasis with bile duct stenosis were evaluated in this study.AIM To explore the value of DynaCT biliary soft tissue reconstruction technology for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatolithiasis with bile duct stenosis,and to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the PTOBF technique guided by DynaCT biliary soft tissue reconstruction technology.METHODS The clinical data of 140 patients with complex biliary stenosis disease combined with bile duct stenosis who received PTOBF and were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2020 to December 2024 were collected.The patients were divided into two groups:DynaCT-PTOBF group(70 patients)and conventional PTOBF group(70 patients).These groups were compared in terms of the preoperative bile duct stenosis,location of the liver segment where the stone was located,intraoperative operative time,immediate stone retrieval rate,successful stenosis dilatation rate,postoperative complication rate,postoperative reoperation rate,stone recurrence rate,and stenosis recurrence rate.RESULTS DynaCT biliary soft tissue reconstruction technology was successfully performed in 70 patients.The DynaCTPTOBF group had a higher detection rate of target bile ducts where bile duct stones and biliary strictures were located than the PTOBF group.Compared with the PTOBF group,the DynaCT-PTOBF group was characterized by a significantly greater immediate stone removal rate(68.6%vs 50.0%,P=0.025),greater immediate stenosis dilatation success rate(72.9%vs 55.7%,P=0.034),greater final stenosis release rate(91.4%vs 75.7%,P=0.012),shorter duration of intraoperative hemorrhage(3.14±2.00 vs 26.5±52.1,P=0.039),and lower incidence of distant cholangitis(2.9%vs 11.4%,P=0.49).There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the final stone removal rate,reoperation rate,or long-term complication incidence rate.CONCLUSION DynaCT biliary soft tissue reconstruction technology guiding the PTOBF technique in patients with hepatolithiasis with bile duct stenosis is feasible and accurate.It may be beneficial for optimizing the preoperative evaluation of the PTOBF technique.

Hollow cerium nanoparticles synthesized by one-step method for multienzyme activity to reduce colitis in mice

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a common chronic intestinal inflammatory disease.High oxidative stress is a treatment target for IBD.Cerium oxide(CeO2)nanomaterials as nanozymes with antioxidant activity are potential drugs for the treatment of colitis.AIM To synthesize hollow cerium(H-CeO2)nanoparticles by one-step method and to validate the therapeutic efficacy of H-CeO2 in IBD.METHODS H-CeO2 was synthesized by one-step method and examined its characterization and nanoenzymatic activity.Subsequently,we constructed dextran sulfate so-dium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice to observe the effects of H-CeO2 on colonic inflammation.The effects of H-CeO2 on colon inflammation and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in IBD mice were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining and dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining,respectively.Finally,the biological sa-fety of H-CeO2 on mice was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining,blood routine,and blood biochemistry.RESULTS H-CeO2 nanoparticles prepared by the one-step method were uniform,monodi-sperse and hollow.H-CeO2 had a good ability to scavenge ROS,∙OH and∙OOH.H-CeO2 reduced DSS-induced decreases in body weight and colon length,colonic epithelial damage,inflammatory infiltration,and ROS accumulation.H-CeO2 administration reduced the disease activity index of DSS-induced animals from about 8 to 5.H-CeO2 had no significant effect on body weight,total platelet count,hemoglobin,white blood cell,and red blood cell counts in healthy mice.No significant damage to major organs was observed in healthy mice following H-CeO2 administration.CONCLUSION The one-step synthesis of H-CeO2 nanomaterials had good antioxidant activity,biosafety,and inhibited deve-lopment of DSS-induced IBD in mice by scavenging ROS.

Three-dimensional visualization technology for guiding one-step percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy for the treatment of complex hepatolithiasis

BACKGROUND Biliary stone disease is a highly prevalent condition and a leading cause of hospitalization worldwide.Hepatolithiasis with associated strictures has high residual and recurrence rates after traditional multisession percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy(PTCSL).AIM To study one-step PTCSL using the percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation(PTOBF)technique guided by three-dimensional(3D)visualization.METHODS This was a retrospective,single-center study analyzing,140 patients who,between October 2016 and October 2023,underwent one-step PTCSL for hepatolithiasis.The patients were divided into two groups:The 3D-PTOBF group and the PTOBF group.Stone clearance on choledochoscopy,complications,and long-term clearance and recurrence rates were assessed.RESULTS Age,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,Child-Pugh class,and stone location were similar between the 2 groups,but there was a significant difference in bile duct strictures,with biliary strictures more common in the 3D-PTOBF group(P=0.001).The median follow-up time was 55.0(55.0,512.0)days.The immediate stone clearance ratio(88.6%vs 27.1%,P=0.000)and stricture resolution ratio(97.1%vs 78.6%,P=0.001)in the 3D-PTOBF group were significantly greater than those in the PTOBF group.Postoperative complication(8.6%vs 41.4%,P=0.000)and stone recurrence rates(7.1%vs 38.6%,P=0.000)were significantly lower in the 3D-PTOBF group.CONCLUSION Three-dimensional visualization helps make one-step PTCSL a safe,effective,and promising treatment for patients with complicated primary hepatolithiasis.The perioperative and long-term outcomes are satisfactory for patients with complicated primary hepatolithiasis.This minimally invasive method has the potential to be used as a substitute for hepatobiliary surgery.

Effect of the Retarder on Initial Hydration and Mechanical Properties of the"one-step"Alkaliactivated Composite Cementitious Materials

This paper studied the effects of different retarders on the performance of the"one-step"alkali-activated composite cementitious material(ACCM)which is composed of ground granulated blast slag(GGBS)and fly ash(FA),and analyzed its mechanical properties,hydration mechanism,and retardation mechanism.The effects of retarders on the hydration products,mechanical properties,and hydration kinetics of ACCM were investigated using XRD,SEM,FTIR,EDS,and thermoactive microcalorimetry.The results showed that Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)·10H_(2)O(B)delayed the exotherm during the alkali activation process and could effectively delay the setting time of ACCM,but the mechanical properties were slightly decreased.The setting time of ACCM increased with the increase in SG content,but the mechanical properties of ACCM decreased with the increase in SG content.C1_(2)H_(22)O_(11)(CHO)could effectively delay the hydration reaction of ACCM and weakly enhanced the compressive strength.H_(3)PO_(4)(HP)at a concentration of 0.05 mol/L had a certain effect on ACCM retardation,but HP at a concentration of 0.07 and 0.09 mol/L had an effect of promoting the setting and hardening time of ACCM.

One-step quantum dialogue

Quantum dialogue(QD)enables two communication parties to directly exchange secret messages simultaneously.In conventional QD protocols,photons need to transmit in the quantum channel for two rounds.In this paper,we propose a one-step QD protocol based on the hyperentanglement.With the help of the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted Bell state measurement(BSM),the photons only need to transmit in the quantum channel once.We prove that our one-step QD protocol is secure in theory and numerically simulate its secret message capacity under practical experimental condition.Compared with previous QD protocols,the one-step QD protocol can effectively simplify the experiment operations and reduce the message loss caused by the photon transmission loss.Meanwhile,the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted BSM has a success probability of 100%and is feasible with linear optical elements.Moreover,combined with the hyperentanglement heralded amplification and purification,our protocol is possible to realize long-distance one-step QD.

Study of the reaction mechanism for preparing powdered activated coke with SO_(2)adsorption capability via one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere

In this study,the impact of different reaction times on the preparation of powdered activated carbon(PAC)using a one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere is investigated,and the underlying reaction mechanism is summarized.Results indicate that the reaction process of this method can be divided into three stages:stage I is the rapid release of volatiles and the rapid consumption of O_(2),primarily occurring within a reaction time range of 0-0.5 s;stage II is mainly the continuous release and diffusion of volatiles,which is the carbonization and activation coupling reaction stage,and the carbonization process is the main in this stage.This stage mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 0.5 -2.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 0.5-3.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material;stage III is mainly the activation stage,during which activated components diffuse to both the surface and interior of particles.This stage mainly involves the reaction stage of CO_(2)and H2O(g)activation,and it mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 2.0-4.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 3.0-4.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material.Besides,the main function of the first two stages is to provide more diffusion channels and contact surfaces/activation sites for the diffusion and activation of the activated components in the third stage.Mastering the reaction mechanism would serve as a crucial reference and foundation for designing the structure,size of the reactor,and optimal positioning of the activator nozzle in PAC preparation.

Direct Ethylene Purification from Cracking Gas via a Metal–Organic Framework Through Pore Geometry Fitting

The direct one-step separation of polymer-grade C_(2)H_(4) from complex light hydrocarbon mixtures has high industrial significance but is very challenging.Herein,an ethylene-adsorption-weakening strategy is applied for precise regulation of the pore geometry of four tailor-made metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)with pillar-layered structures,dubbed TYUT-10/11/12/13.Based on its pore geometry design and functional group regulation,TYUT-12 exhibits exceptional selective adsorption selectivity toward C_(3)H_(8),C_(3)H_(6),C_(2)H_(6),C_(2)H_(2),and CO_(2) over C_(2)H_(4);its C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4) adsorption selectivity reaches 4.56,surpassing the record value of 4.4 by Fe_(2)(O_(2))(dobdc)(dobdc^(4-)=2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate).The weak p–p stacking binding affinity toward C_(2)H_(4) in TYUT-12 is clearly demonstrated through a combination of neutron powder diffraction measurements and theoretical calculations.Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that C_(2)H_(4) can be directly obtained from binary,ternary,quaternary,and six-component light hydrocarbon mixtures with over 99.95%purity.

Fundamental Study on Alkali-Activated Slag System with Sodium Carbonate or Calcium Hydroxide

Cement as a building material, has high fluidity, compressive strength, and durability, but carbon dioxide emissions during cement production are a major problem. As one of the countermeasures, alkali-activated cement using blast furnace slag powder with alkaline stimulants is considered to be a very promising solution for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, but there is a lack of information about the fundamental properties of alkali-activated materials. This study presents an experimental investigation of the fundamental properties of an alkali-activated slag system with sodium carbonate (NC) and calcium hydroxide (CH). The effects of calcium sulfo-aluminate (CSA) and shrinkage reducing agent (SRA) on the properties of blast furnace slag (BFS) based alkali-activated mixture were also investigated. In the experiments, fundamental characteristics including compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and water penetration tests of mortar were evaluated. Porosity, pH, and ignition loss were measured to verify the effectiveness of the materials. The experimental investigation revealed that the compressive strength was increased with the increasing replacement rates of NC in the BFS mortar, and in the case of water to BFS ratio of 0.45 with sodium carbonation addition contents 10 wt.%, the compressive strength for 28 days of curing reaches more than 50 MPa. Low water to BFS ratio and higher addition ratio of NC had a positive effect on the compressive strength development of mortar. Incorporating NC into BFS would affect the decrease in porosity and increase in ignition loss, leading to higher compressive strength. There was a negligible change to the compressive strength, porosity, pH, and ignition loss of BFS samples made with CH, thus, the addition rates of CH to BFS have no or little significant effect on the fundamental properties of alkali-activated cement. From the results of drying shrinkage and water penetration tests, the addition of NC and CH only to BFS exhibited poor drying shrinkage and water penetration characteristics. However, these problems may be overcome due to the use of CSA or SRA in the alkali-activated system made with NC or CH.

系统性红斑狼疮病人外周血白细胞TNFRSF12mRNA表达的研究

目的 :了解肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员 12 (TNFRSF12 )mRNA在系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)外周血白细胞中的表达是否异常 ,初步判断TNFRSF12是否为SLE的易感基因。方法 :采用TaqManone stepRT PCR方法 ,分别对SLE病人、正常人和类风湿性关节炎 (RA)病人外周血白细胞TNFRSF12mRNA的表达进行检测。结果 :SLE病人TNFRSF12mRNA的表达形式与表达量和正常人相比均存在差异 ,SLE病人白细胞存在TNFRSF12mRNA的两类形式剪切体 ,分别为编码膜结合蛋白形式和分泌形式的TNFRSF12 ,而正常人只有后者 ,在PHA刺激后才开始同时表达前者。并且TNFRSF12mRNA在SLE病人中的表达量与病情活动度和肾脏累及相关。结论 :提示TNFRSF12在SLE的发病机制中起一定作用 ,因此可能是SLE的易感基因。

The Durability of Alkali-Activated Materials in Comparison with Ordinary Portland Cements and Concretes:A Review

China is the largest producer and user of ordinary Portland cement(OPC),and the rapid growth of infrastructure development demands more sustainable building materials for concrete structures.Alkali-activated materials(AAMs)are a new type of energy-saving and environmentally friendly building material with a wide range of potential applications.This paper compares the durability of AAMs and 0 PC-based materials un der sulfate attack,acid corrosion,carb on ation,and chloride penetratio n.Different AAMs have shown distinct durability properties due to different compositions being formed when different raw materials are used.According to the calcium(Ca)concentration of the raw materials,this paper interprets the deterioration mechanisms of three categories of AAMs:calcium-free,low-calcium,and calcium-rich.Conflicts found in the most recent research are highlighted,as they raise concerns regarding the consistenee and long-term properties of AAMs.Nevertheless,AAMs show better durability performances than OPC-based materials in general.

One-step synthesis of Pt@ZIF-8 catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol to 1,4-butenediol

A catalyst consisting of platinum nanoparticles on a ZIF-8 support（Pt@ZIF-8） was synthesized in a straightforward one-step procedure,by adding a nanostructured platinum sol during the formation of ZIF-8 at room temperature.Pt@ZIF-8 was highly porous and well crystallized.The Pt nanoparticles were well dispersed within the ZIF-8 support.In the hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol,Pt@ZIF-8 exhibited high activity,excellent selectivity for 1,4-butenediol of greater than 94%,and reusability.The Pt@ZIF-8 catalyst did not require further additives.The favorable catalytic performance was attributed primarily to the modification of the ZIF-8 support by the platinum nanoparticles.

Magnesia Modification of Alkali-Activated Slag Fly Ash Cement

A new type of magnesia modification alkali-activated cement was prepared, the strength, setting time, shrinkage ratio and cracking behavior, as well as the composition and structure of the hydration product were investigated. The results indicate that the setting time of this cement is similar to that of the ordinary commercial cements; its strength reaches the standard of 42.5 degree cement, its cracking resistance has been remarkably improved because of the micro-aggregate effect of fly ash and shrinkage compensating of magnesia.

Development of Cementitious Materials Utilizing Alkali-activated Yellow River Silt

The possibility of preparing cementitious materials by the alkali-activated method using Yellow River sediment(The second largest river in China)as raw material and the modification effect on different slag addition were investigated.Sodium silicate and calcium hydroxide were used as the activator,and the specimens were prepared by the press molding method.The hydration process,hydration products,pore characteristics,and mechanical properties were investigated using SEM/EDS,FTIR,TG/DTG,XRD,MIP,and uniaxial compressive strength experiments,respectively.The results showed that the compressive strength of the modified yellow river silt-based cementitious material was significantly increased when the water glass dosage was 12 wt%(Ms=1.8)and the slag dosage was 40%,and its 90-day maximum compressive strength could reach 53 MPa.

One-step laparoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy verse surgical step-up approach for infected pancreatic necrosis:a case-control study

BACKGROUND:The surgical step-up approach often requires multiple debridements and might not be suitable for infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN)patients with various abscesses or no safe route for percutaneous catheter drainage(PCD).This case-control study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of one-step laparoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy(LPN)in treating IPN.METHODS:This case-control study included IPN patients undergoing one-step LPN or surgical step-up in our center from January 2015 to December 2020.The short-term and long-term complications after surgery,length of hospital stay,and postoperative ICU stays in both groups were analyzed.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the risk factors of major complications or death.RESULTS:A total of 53 IPN patients underwent one-step LPN and 37 IPN patients underwent surgical step-up approach in this study.There was no significant difference in the incidence of death,major complications,new-onset diabetes,or new-onset pancreatic exocrine insufficiency between the two groups.However,the length of hospital stay in the one-step LPN group was significantly shorter than that in the surgical step-up group.Univariate regression analysis showed that the surgical approach(one-step/step-up)was not the risk factor for major complications or death.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that computed tomography(CT)severity index,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)class IV,and white blood cell(WBC)were the significant risk factors for major complications or death.CONCLUSION:One-step LPN is as safe and effective as the surgical step-up approach for treating IPN patients,and reduces total hospital stay.

Physiochemical and Biological Properties of Modified Collagen Sponge from Porcine Skin

The aim of the present study was to compare one-step method to EDC/NHS crosslinking （EDC/NHS group） and one-step simultaneous method to EDC/NHS crosslinking and heparin immobilization （EDC/NHS- Heparin group） in improving physiochemical and biological properties of native collagen sponge （Control group）. Modified collagen sponge overcome the disadvantages of native collagen sponge. IR spectra suggest the change of the functional groups. DSC data indicate that the stability of caloric transformation in EDC/NHS group is slightly higher than that of EDC/NHS-Heparin group. The crosslinking degree, stability against enzymes, stability in morphologically and biomechanical properties of EDC/NHS-Heparin group are higher than those of EDC/NHS group, whereas, the water-binding capacity in EDC/NHS-Heparin group is lower than that of EDC/NHS group. HUVECs in EDC/NHS-Heparin group scaffold proliferate fast, migrate well and distribute uniformly. One-step simultaneous method gains the better effects in above aspects, heparinized collagen matrices increase in angiogenic potential and suit for defect repairing and tissue engineering.

Noether＇s theorem and one-step corrections method for holonomic system

In this paper, a new computational method for improving the accuracy of numerically computed solutions is introduced. The computational method is based on the one-step method and conserved quantities of holonomic systems are considered as kinematical constraints in this method.

Synthesis and Thermal Insulation Performance of Silica Aerogel from Recycled Coal Gangue by Means of Ambient Pressure Drying

Silica aerogel materials are well recognized for their superinsulation performance and are regarded as one of the hot candidates to revolutionize building insulation. To date, high production cost related to exorbitant precursors as well as cumbrous multi-step hydrophobization process has often narrowed the field of applications. In this work, granular silica aerogel materials were synthesized by extracting Si O2 from recycled rich silicon coal gangue, followed by one-step hydrophobization and ambient pressure drying. Lightweight(about 0.16 g/cm3) and nanostructural aerogels were obtained through this route. They exhibit a 3D open porous microstructure with around 600 cm2/g surface area and 20 nm of the average pore diameter, thermal conductivity of 4-5 mm packed granules is 20-25 m W/(m·K), which was proved by both guarded hot plate and hot-wire transient methods. This study offers a new facile route for the synthesis of silica aerogel from recycled solid waste coal gangue and suggests a method, which may lead to a cost reduction in terms of industrial production.

Effect of activator on rheological properties of alkali-activated slag-fly ash pastes

The time-dependent rheological behaviors of alkali-activated cement(AAC)are expected to be precisely controlled,in order to meet the requirements of modern engineering practices.In this paper,the effects of activator,including the Na_(2)O concentration and SiO_(2)/Na_(2)O(S/N)molar ratio,on the rheological behavior of alkali-activated slag fly ash pastes were investigated.The small amplitude oscillatory shear(SAOS)and shear test were used to evaluate the structural build-up and flowability of pastes.Besides,zeta potential measurement,calorimetric test and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)were carried out to reveal the physico-chemical mechanisms behind the rheological evolution of fresh pastes.It was found that high Na_(2)O concentration and low S/N molar ratio improved the flowability and structural build-up rate of paste.Moreover,the structural build-up of alkali-activated slag-fly ash pastes consists of two stages,which is controlled by the dissolution of solid reactants and formation of C-(A)-S-H gels,respectively.

Long-term observation of the mineral trioxide aggregate extrusion into the periapical lesion:a case series

One-step apexification using mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA) has been reported as an alternative treatment modality with more benefits than the use of long-term calcium hydroxide for teeth with open apex.However,orthograde placement of MTA is a challenging procedure in terms of length control.This case series describes the sequence of events following apical extrusion of MTA into the periapical area during a one-step apexification procedure for maxillary central incisor with an infected immature apex.Detailed long-term observation revealed complete resolution of the periapical radiolucent lesion around the extruded MTA.These cases revealed that direct contact with MTA had no negative effects on healing of the periapical tissues.However,intentional MTA overfilling into the periapical lesion is not to be recommended.