一种新型Carbon Quantum Dots/CdS/Ta_(3)N_(5)S型异质结纤维光催化材料用于高效降解抗生素

近年来随着工业化的深入发展,全球环境污染日益加重,尤其是水体中的抗生素污染,亟需重点关注并采取科学、有效方法予以解决。光催化技术是一种非常有前景的水体治理技术,为解决水体抗生素污染提供了重要途径。该技术实现大规模应用的关键在于开发出高效且稳定的光催化材料。现有的光催化材料的性能主要受制于其弱的太阳能利用率,快速复合的光生载流子以及氧化还原能力弱等问题。研究发现科学设计和构筑碳量子调控S型异质结材料可以有效克服以上问题。相比于单一的S型异质结,该新型异质结体系整合了两者的优势,具有巨大的应用前景。因此,开发新型碳量子调控S型异质结材料,有望实现对抗生素污染水体的快速治理,进一步促进光催化水体修复技术的发展。在本文研究中,我们成功开发了一种新型的碳量子点调控的S型carbon quantum dots/CdS/Ta_(3)N_(5)异质结纤维用于高效去除左氧氟沙星。其对左氧氟沙星去除速率常数为0.0404 min^(-1),比Ta_(3)N_(5),CdS/Ta_(3)N_(5)和CdS分别提高了39.4、2.1和7.2倍。这主要得益于独特1D/0D/0D核壳结构,该异质结构有效促进了碳量子点和S型异质结的协同增效机制。本研究为开发高效Ta_(3)N_(5)基催化体系用于环境治理开辟了一种新的思路。

时空异质性视角下华北地区碳足迹评估及驱动因子分析

碳足迹是衡量碳排放的重要指标,削减碳足迹是实现“双碳”目标的前提条件。华北地区作为我国高耗能、高排放的集中区域,客观量化碳足迹并探究主要驱动因子对加快推进碳减排具有重要意义。为此,论文基于IPCC法对华北地区“十五”至“十三五”期间的碳足迹进行测算,运用标准差椭圆分析碳足迹的分布及转移特征,使用地理探测器识别碳足迹的主要驱动因子。研究发现:(1)“十五”至“十三五”期间碳足迹总量经历了“先增长—后下降”两个阶段,由“十五”期间的425452万吨上升至1066353万吨,而后逐渐下降到“十三五”期间的898908万吨。(2)标准差椭圆呈稳定的“南—北”分布,重心分布于山西大同和河北张家口之间,呈向西北方向偏移趋势,已偏移72.56千米。(3)能源强度、产业结构、城镇化率对碳足迹驱动因子解释力度较大,且关键交互因子均含有能源强度、产业结构、研发投入。华北地区不同时期碳足迹分布及影响因子存在时空差异,在制定碳减排政策时应充分考虑区域碳足迹的时空异质性。

Soil Carbon Pool as Influenced by Soil Microbial Activity—An Overview

Soil is a significant carbon reservoir with the capacity to store carbon twice as much as the atmosphere or plants. Given the significant potential of soil to capture and store atmospheric CO2, it presents a viable solution for mitigating the present and future impacts of climate change. However, due to its high susceptibility to global environmental issues like land degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change, monitoring and protecting soil carbon pools is a complex challenge. Intensive agricultural operations have detrimental effects on the soil, including the rapid breakdown of soil organic carbon, which releases excess carbon into the air, causing increased atmospheric CO2 levels and a depletion of the soil carbon reserves. The diversity and abundance of soil microbial communities play a crucial role in controlling essential ecosystem processes, including the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling, including carbon. Heterotrophic soil microorganisms facilitate the soil organic matter turnover to obtain the nutrients and energy required for their growth and maintenance. Therefore, the microbial residues and exudates have up to 80% carbon in the stable soil organic matter fractions. This overview attempts to summarize the information on various carbon pools, soil carbon interaction with microbes, impacts on environmental changes, and strategies to enhance the storage of belowground carbon.

Determination of Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Fractions in Tartaric Acid, Oxalic Acid, Glucose and Fructose—National Center of High Technologies of Georgia

Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetables, and fruits. Understanding the isotopic compositions in organic compounds is crucial for comprehending various biochemical processes and the nature of substances present in different natural products. Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are widely distributed compounds, including in vegetables and fruits. Tartaric acid plays a significant role in determining the quality and taste properties of wine, while oxalic acid is also prevalent but holds great interest for further research, especially in terms of carbon isotopic composition. We can unveil the mechanisms of processes that were previously impossible to study. Glucose and fructose are the most common monosaccharides in the hexose group, and both are found in fruits, with sweeter fruits containing higher amounts of these substances. In addition to fruits, wheat, barley, rye, onions, garlic, lentils, peppers, dried fruits, beans, broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, and other foods are also rich sources of fructose and glucose. To determine the mass fraction of the carbon-13 isotope in these compounds, it is important to study their changes during natural synthesis. These compounds can be modified with a carbon center. According to the existing isotopic analysis method, these compounds are converted into carbon oxide or dioxide [1]. At this point, the average carbon content in the given compound is determined, but information about isotope-modified centers is lost. Dilution may occur through the transfer of other carbon-containing organic compounds in the sample or by dilution with natural carbon or carbon dioxide during the transfer process. This article discusses the possibility of carbon-13 isotope propagation directly in these compounds, both completely modified and modified with individual carbon centers. The literature provides information on determining carbon-13 substance in organic compounds, both with a general approach and for individual compounds [2] [3].

Fate and Behavior of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Activated Carbon Adsorption

The accessibility of tetracycline resistance gene (tetG) into the pores of activated carbon (AC), as well as the impact of the pore size distribution (PSD) of AC on the uptake capacity of tetG, were investigated using eight types of AC (four coal-based and four wood-based). AC showed the capability to admit tetG and the average reduction of tetG for coal-based and wood-based ACs at the AC dose of 1 g·L-1 was 3.12 log and 3.65 log, respectively. The uptake kinetic analysis showed that the uptake of the gene followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics reaction, and the uptake rate constant for the coal-based and wood-based ACs was in the range of 5.97 × 10-12 - 4.64 × 10-9 and 7.02 × 10-11 - 1.59 × 10-8 copies·mg-1·min-1, respectively. The uptake capacity analysis by fitting the obtained experiment data with the Freundlich isotherm model indicated that the uptake constant (KF) values were 1.71 × 103 - 8.00 × 109 (copies·g-1)1-1/n for coal-based ACs and 7.00 × 108 - 3.00 × 1010 (copies·g-1)1-1/n for wood-based ones. In addition, the correlation analysis between KF values and pore volume as well as pore surface at different pore size regions of ACs showed that relatively higher positive correlation was found for pores of 50 - 100 Å, suggesting ACs with more pores in this size region can uptake more tetG. The findings of this study are valuable as reference for optimizing the adsorption process regarding antibiotic resistance-related concerns in drinking water treatment.

Fertilization and Soil Ploughing Practices under Changing Physical Environment Lead to Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics under Conservation Agriculture in Rice-Wheat Cropping System: A Scoping Review

Ploughing and fertilization practices in rice-wheat system have deteriorated the soil carbon (C) pools. Conservation agriculture (CA) based management approaches have proven to enhance C sequestration and reverse the loss of soil-organic-carbon (SOC), which further enhances soil fertility. Different fractions of SOC pools react to the alterations in management practices and indicate changes in SOC dynamics as compared to total C in the soil. Higher SOC levels in soil have been observed in case of reduced/no-till (NT) practices than conventional tillage (CT). However, between CT and zero tillage/NT, total SOC stocks diminished with an increase in soil depth, which demonstrated that the benefits of SOC are more pronounced in the topsoil under NT. Soil aggregation provides physical protection to C associated with different-sized particles, thus, the improvement in soil aggregation through CA is an effective way to mitigate soil C loss. Along with less soil disturbance, residual management, suitable crop rotation, rational application of manures and fertilizers, and integrated nutrient management have been found to be effective in not only improving soil C stock but also enhancing the soil health and productivity. Thus, CA can be considered as a potential method in the build-up of SOC of soil in rice-wheat system.

Properties and Characterization of Two Clays Raw Material from Mountain District (West of Côte d’Ivoire) for Use in Low-Carbon Cements

This work was devoted to the study of the physico-chemical properties of two clay minerals from the Mountain District (West Côte d'Ivoire) referenced ME1 and ME2. These samples were characterized by the experimental techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetry (DTA-TG), Brunauer, Emett and Teller method (BET), laser particle size analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The main results of these analyses reveal that the two clay samples mainly contain quartz (52.91% for ME1 and 51.72% for ME2), kaolinite (36.60% for ME1 and 41.6% for ME2) and associated phases, namely goethite and hematite (13.47% for ME1 and 11.00% for ME2). The specific surface values obtained for samples ME1 and ME2 are 34.78 m2/g and 29.18 m2/g respectively. The results obtained show that the samples studied belong to the kaolinite family. After calcination, they could have good pozzolanic activity and therefore be used in the manufacture of low-carbon cements.

Carbon Footprint in Waste Sector of Hydropower Plant: A Case Study of Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Plant

While hydropower is generally considered a clean energy source, it is important to recognize that their waste can still contribute to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The purpose of this study is to assess the carbon footprint associated with the waste sector throughout the operational phase of the Nam Theun 2 hydropower plant in Laos. Understanding the environmental impact of the waste sector is crucial for ensuring the plant’s sustainability. This study utilizes the theoretical estimation method recommended in the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, as well as the Requirements for Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of GHG emissions and removals. We emphasize the significance of implementing sustainable waste management practices to reduce GHG emissions and minimize the environmental impact of hydropower operations. By conducting a comprehensive analysis, this paper also provides insights into the environmental implications of waste management in hydropower plants and identifies strategies to mitigate the carbon footprint in the waste sector. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the environmental sustainability of hydropower plants and provide valuable guidance for policymakers, energy producers, and environmental practitioners involved in hydropower plant design and operation.

Activity Data and Emission Factor for Forestry and Other Land Use Change Subsector to Enhance Carbon Market Policy and Action in Malawi

Activity data and emission factors are critical for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and devising effective climate change mitigation strategies. This study developed the activity data and emission factor in the Forestry and Other Land Use Change (FOLU) subsector in Malawi. The results indicate that “forestland to cropland,” and “wetland to cropland,” were the major land use changes from the year 2000 to the year 2022. The forestland steadily declined at a rate of 13,591 ha (0.5%) per annum. Similarly, grassland declined at the rate of 1651 ha (0.5%) per annum. On the other hand, cropland, wetland, and settlements steadily increased at the rate of 8228 ha (0.14%);5257 ha (0.17%);and 1941 ha (8.1%) per annum, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate that the “grassland to forestland” changes were higher than the “forestland to grassland” changes, suggesting that forest regrowth was occurring. On the emission factor, the results interestingly indicate that there was a significant increase in carbon sequestration in the FOLU subsector from the year 2011 to 2022. Carbon sequestration increased annually by 13.66 ± 0.17 tCO2 e/ha/yr (4.6%), with an uncertainty of 2.44%. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is potential for a Carbon market in Malawi.

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbons from Palm Nut Shells: Effects of Calcination Temperature on Porosity and Chemical Properties

Activated carbons (ACs) calcined at 400˚C, 500˚C, and 600˚C (AC-400, AC-500, and AC-600) were prepared using palm nut shells from Gabon as raw material and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a chemical activating agent. Prepared ACs were characterized by physisorption of nitrogen (N2), determination of diode and methylene blue numbers for studies of porosity and by quantification and determination of surface functional groups and pH at point of zero charge (pHpzc) respectively, for studies of chemical properties of prepared ACs. Then, effects of calcination temperature (Tcal) on porosity and chemical properties of prepared ACs were studied. The results obtained showed that when the calcination temperature increases from 500˚C to 600˚C, the porosity and chemical properties of prepared ACs are modified. Indeed, the methylene blue and iodine numbers determined for activated carbons AC-400 (460 and 7.94 mg·g−1, respectively) and AC-500 (680 and 8.90 mg·g−1, respectively) are higher than those obtained for AC-600 (360 and 5.75 mg·g−1, respectively). Compared to the AC-500 adsorbent, specific surface areas (SBET) and microporous volume losses for AC-600 were estimated to 44.7% and 45.8%, respectively. Moreover, in our experimental conditions, the effect of Tcal on the quantities of acidic and basic functional groups on the surface of the ACs appears negligible. In addition, results of the pHpzc of prepared ACs showed that as Tcal increases, the pH of the adsorbents increases and tends towards neutrality. Indeed, a stronger acidity was determined on AC-400 (pHpzc = 5.60) compared to those on AC-500 and AC-600 (pHpzc = 6.85 and 6.70, respectively). Also according to the results of porosity and chemical characterizations, adsorption being a surface phenomenon, 500˚C appears to be the optimal calcination temperature for the preparation of activated carbons from palm nut shells in our experimental conditions.

城市复合碳汇价值评价研究——以沈阳市为例

[目的]在实现“双碳”目标的紧迫任务与建立生态补偿制度的背景下,碳汇价值评价尤为重要。但在当前碳汇生态补偿研究中,城市的碳汇价值被忽视。从城市生态系统特征出发,构建城市复合碳汇价值的评价方法,揭示城市复合碳汇价值。[方法]首先结合遥感影像和样地数据,构建碳储量估算模型,计算2003、2008、2013、2018、2023年沈阳四环区域内的自然与人工碳储量,使用造林成本法、碳税法和碳交易法对研究区城市复合碳汇价值进行评价,分析使用不同方法的城市复合碳汇价值评价结果在时间变化、空间分布以及不同碳汇要素碳汇价值贡献方面的变化情况,探讨不同方法对城市复合碳汇价值评价的作用,以及评价过程中存在的局限。[结果]2003-2023年沈阳市四环区域内,使用造林成本法计算得到城市复合碳汇价值为5.99亿元~25.00亿元,使用碳税法的计算结果为6.46亿元~8.64亿元,使用碳交易法的计算结果为6.23亿元~8.33亿元。不同方法计算得到的碳汇价值差异较大,目前中国的碳交易价格与相关研究得到的碳税价格仍有上升空间。2003-2023年沈阳市城市复合碳汇价值不断提高,植被、土壤碳汇价值呈现波动趋势,而建筑碳汇价值则持续上升,植被、土壤的碳汇价值占比均有所下降,而建筑碳汇价值占比则有所上升。[结论]城市空间在陆地生态系统碳汇中的重要贡献不容忽视。虽然城市复合碳汇价值总量略逊于森林等其他陆地生态系统,但在年均增长速度上具有一定优势。城市复合碳汇价值评价能够揭示城市空间的碳资产情况,明确各类碳汇要素的价值,为进一步探讨自然与人工空间冲突、城市环境变化对碳汇价值的影响提供支持,为提升城市复合碳汇效能提供新的理论与方法,并为以综合效益为目标的土地利用决策与规划提供参考。未来应重点关注各类人类活动因素对城市复合碳汇价值的影响。在方法选择上,造林成本法相对不适用于城市碳汇价值评价,而碳税法与碳交易法也存在一定局限。未来应调控碳交易价格,在制定碳税税率时参考碳汇造林成本,提高碳汇功能在城市功能布局决策中的竞争力,进而提升城市碳汇价值。

Carbon Capture Technologies in OAPEC Member Countries and the Circular Carbon Economy: A Roadmap to Zero Emissions by 2050

Several Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) member states (OMSs) have updated their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) with the aim of achieving zero carbon emissions by 2050. Carbon neutrality requires shifting from a linear carbon economy (LCE) to a circular carbon economy (CCE). Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, including reduction, recycle, reuse, removal, and storage technologies, represent an important strategy for achieving such a shift. Herein, we investigate the effects of CCS technology adoption in six OMSs—namely the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Algeria, and Iraq—by examining their Circular Carbon Economy Index (CCEI) scores, which reflect compliance with CCE-transition policies. Total CCEI, current performance CCEI dimension, and future enabler CCEI dimensions scores were compared among the aforementioned six OMSs and relative to Norway, which was used as a global-high CCEI reference standard. Specifically, CCEI general scope and CCEI oil scope dimension scores were compared. The KSA, Qatar, the UAE, and Kuwait had higher CCEI scores than Algeria and Iraq, reflecting their greater adoption of CCE-transition policies and greater emission-reducing modernization investments. The current performance CCEI scores of Algeria and Iraq appear to be buttressed to some extent by their greater natural carbon sink resources. Based on the findings, we recommend specific actions for OMSs to enhance their CCE transitions and mitigate the negative impacts associated with the associated investments, including: taking rapid practical steps to eliminate carbon oil industry emissions;detailed CCS planning by national oil companies;international cooperation and coordination;and increased investment in domestic CCS utilization infrastructure.

A Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Cellulose Nanofibrils from Ammophila arenaria for the Sensitive Detection of L-Trytophan

L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid for human health. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) extracted from plants harvested in the center of Tunisia was used for the first time for the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), for the sensitive detection of L-tryptophan (Trp). After spectroscopic and morphological characterization of the extracted NFC, the GC electrode modification was monitored through cyclic voltammetry. The NFC-modified electrode exhibited good analytical performance in detecting Trp with a wide linear range between 7.5 × 10−4 mM and 10−2 mM, a detection limit of 0.2 µM, and a high sensitivity of 140.0 µA∙mM−1. Additionally, the NFC/GCE showed a good reproducibility, good selectivity versus other amino acids, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and good applicability to the detection of Trp in urine samples.

中国碳市场的价格有效性评估与优化设计研究

实现碳排放权交易价格有效性预测与设计是稳定全国碳排放权交易市场的基础。在利用机器学习预测碳排放权交易价格的基础上,对碳市场的碳价进行了评估与设计。以湖北碳交易市场碳价格为例,基于2014-2022年的碳交易价格日度数据,构建混合遗传粒子群神经网络(GAPSO-BP)定价模型,对碳达峰目标下的区域碳市场及全国统一碳市场的碳价进行有效性评估与优化设计。研究发现:GAPSO-BP模型预测的碳交易价格误差小,通过使用更高精度的GAPSO-BP模型对变量进行降维筛选,发现经济发展水平和太阳能、天然气、煤炭能源价格对碳价格影响最大。场景分析显示,发展绿色清洁能源在经济高速增长的情况下碳交易价格效果最好,在经济中等发展的情况下会受到抑制,在经济低速发展的情况下效果不显著。基于碳达峰目标,通过比较试点碳市场的现有平均价格和模拟预测的平均价格,评估出天津碳试点的碳价最为有效,而上海碳试点的碳价有效性最差。为顺利在2030年前实现“碳达峰”目标,全国统一碳市场最优碳价应设定为50.27元/吨较为合适。基于研究结论,从宏观调控决策因素、发展绿色清洁能源、考虑区域碳减排成本差异和建立相应的配额缓冲机制提出具体建议,为顺利实现试点碳市场与全国碳市场有效衔接及碳达峰提供了有益的理论支撑与路径选择。

Study of the Diffusion Behavior of Seawater Absorption in Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Halloysite Nanotubes Hybrid Nanofillers Modified Epoxy-Based Glass/Carbon Fiber Composites

In the maritime industry, cost-effective and lightweight Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites offer excellent mechanical properties, design flexibility, and corrosion resistance. However, their reliability in harsh seawater conditions is a concern. Researchers address this by exploring three approaches: coating fiber surfaces, hybridizing fibers and matrices with or without nanofillers, and interply rearrangement. This study focuses on evaluating the synergistic effects of interply rearrangement of glass/carbon fibers and hybrid nanofillers, specifically Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Halloysite nanotubes (HNT). The aim is to enhance impact properties by minimizing moisture absorption. Hybrid nanocomposites with equal-weight proportions of two nanofillers: 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, and 2 wt.% were exposed to seawater for 90 days. Experimental data was subjected to modelling through the application of Predictive Fick’s Law. The study found that the hybrid composite containing 2 wt.% hybrid nanofillers exhibited a 22.10% increase in impact performance compared to non-modified counterparts. After 90 days of seawater aging, the material exhibited enhanced resistance to moisture absorption (15.74%) and minimal reduction in impact strength (8.52%) compared to its dry strength, with lower diffusion coefficients.

Investigation of Carbonation of Concrete Based on Crushed Sand and Admixtures

Carbonation is a natural aging process that occurs in all types of concrete. One of its primary implications is the acceleration of steel corrosion caused by the phenomena of depassivation. The goal of this research is to investigate the carbonation of quarry sand-based concrete. The concrete is made of 100% crushed sand 0/6.3, gravel 8/15, and 15/25 from the Arab Contractor quarry in Nomayos, Cameroon, with CEM II B-P 42.5 R from CIMENCAM (Cimenteries du Cameroun). The study employed two admixtures: one with a dual superplasticizing and reducing action (Sikamen) and another with a water-repellent effect (Sika liquid). Carbonation was performed on concrete samples at the following dates: 0, 7, 14, 28, 56, 90, 180 days, one year, and six months. Carbonated concrete (CC) and non-carbonated concrete (NCC) samples are compared in terms of their physical attributes and mineralogical characteristics. The results of this investigation reveal that after more than a year and six months of carbonation, porosity decreases and permeability increases. Despite the high fineness modulus of quarry sand, the compressive strength of quarry sand-based concrete is satisfactory. Carbonation depth is relatively high on some dates, exceeding the minimal cover value for concrete reinforcement. Sikament additive increases concrete compactness and durability while decreasing permeability. Sika water repellant mixes with the lime in cement to generate complimentary crystallizations that block the mortar’s capillaries, making it watertight.

Preparation and Alkylation of Carbon Nanofibers from Polymethyl Methacrylate

Carbon nanofibers have revolutionized nanotechnology due to their potential applications in emerging frontiers of research and industrial sectors. This can be attributed to their superior properties such as higher mechanical strength, unique surface characteristics, and improved adherence that is transmitted into the polymer matrix to form a nanocomposite with improved properties. Polymethyl methacrylate is a common carbon source for the synthesis of carbon nanofibres of its high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and low moisture and water absorbing capacity that allows its products to have several applications. In this work, we report the successful electrospinning of carbon nanofibres from Poly methyl methacrylate and functionalizing the resulting carbon nanofibres. The functionalized carbon nanofibres were analyzed to determine their solubility/dispersion in selected organic solvents, then characterized using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with Energy dispersive spectroscopy and Thermalgravimetric analysis.

岩溶碳汇产品价值实现路径研究

探索岩溶碳汇产品价值实现路径,有利于岩溶碳汇生态价值变现为经济价值,有利于“双碳”目标实现。论文通过文献综述回顾前人对岩溶碳汇产品相关研究,在此基础上利用重点监测法测算我国现有岩溶碳汇总量,按全国碳市场第一个履约周期成交均价对我国现有岩溶碳汇经济价值进行市场评估。基于岩溶碳汇广阔的市场发展前景,进一步探究岩溶碳汇产品市场化的条件,构建岩溶碳汇产品价值实现路径,提出推进岩溶碳汇产品价值实现的建议。建议构建科学规范的岩溶碳汇标准体系,创新发展碳金融以激活岩溶碳汇市场,推进岩溶碳汇交易试点示范,促进中国岩溶碳汇产品价值的实现。

Impact of Planted Mangrove Species on Biomass Carbon and Other Structural Attributes in Ayeyarwady Region

This study examines the impact of different mangrove species on the structure and carbon storage potential of mangrove stands in Myanmar. We focused on three species: Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia marina and Bruguiera sexangula. These species were selected for their fast growth, ability to protect against cyclones, and effectiveness in coastal defense during mangrove restoration. To collect data on tree structure and carbon storage, we conducted field surveys measuring parameters such as diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height and crown diameter for each tree. Non-destructive methods were used for data collection. Using ANOVA and post-hoc multiple comparison tests, we assessed differences in structure and carbon stock among the three species. Regression analysis was also performed to understand the relationship between carbon stock and structural attributes. In terms of stand densities, we observed variations among species, with pioneer stage plantations exhibiting higher densities compared to mature stands. Seedlings showed sufficient regeneration, supporting the sustainability of the forest. Biomass accumulation varied across species, with A. officinalis having the highest average biomass. Aboveground biomass showed a strong correlation with basal area. A. officinalis had the highest total biomass carbon accumulation at 55.29 ± 20.91 Mg C ha-1, with 77.43% aboveground carbon and 22.57% belowground carbon. A. marina stored 41.09 ± 11.03 Mg C ha-1, with a similar distribution of 76.05% aboveground and 23.95% belowground carbon, while B. sexangula stored 23.23 ± 3.12 Mg C ha-1, with 70.70% aboveground carbon and 29.30% belowground carbon. The amount of aboveground carbon was a significant portion of the overall carbon storage and correlated with tree density, diameter, basal area and height. Our findings highlight the importance of selecting suitable species and considering structural attributes for mangrove restoration and carbon storage efforts. These results provide valuable insights for managing mangrove plantations at regional and global levels. On average, the reported carbon sequestration was 154.40 MgCO2-eq ha-1.

高寒生态脆弱区露天矿山碳排放核算模型研究

为了准确掌握高寒生态脆弱区露天矿山的碳排放量,亟需建立一套体系完整、科学可行的核算方法,全面量化矿山生产作业的直接碳排放和生态扰动所导致的间接碳排放.通过分析高寒生态脆弱区露天矿山的碳循环机制,基于生命周期理论界定了露天矿山开采活动的碳排放核算边界,通过梳理矿山开采、运输、选矿和辅助等环节的直接和间接碳排放过程,厘清了高寒生态脆弱区露天矿山的碳源、碳汇结构,编制了矿山的碳排放源清单.在此基础上,充分考虑矿山开采活动对高寒生态脆弱区的扰动,以及高海拔对矿山设备的能耗影响,构建了基于露天矿山生产环节及矿区碳汇变化的碳排放核算模型.以西藏某露天金属矿山为工程背景开展模型应用,计算出该矿2023年的碳排放总量为1.76295·10^(5)t C,为高寒生态脆弱区露天矿山开采活动的碳排放核算提供了理论依据.