Dilemmas and Optimization of Third-Party Assessment System in Chinese Fair Competition Review

The current predominant self-review mechanism by policy-making bodies suffers from deficiencies such as insufficient motivations, limited review capabilities, and weak external supervision. Third-party assessment, characterized by independence and specialization, is designed to mitigate these shortcomings. However, the implementation of third-party assessment faces challenges too. This paper intends to improve the third-party assessment system and to realize the legislative purpose of the system. Based on social research, discussions and exchanges with relevant parties, and the existing research results, this paper analyzes the challenges and possible optimization measures for the third-party assessment. The challenges include repulsion from policy-making bodies, insufficient independence of assessment bodies, disparity of assessment quality, and limited application of assessment outcomes. Possible optimization measures include promoting fair competition culture, increasing the acceptance of third-party assessment from policy-making bodies, enhancing the quality of third-party assessment, clarifying the relationship between policy-making bodies and assessment bodies, ensuring the independence of third-party assessments, and promoting the application of assessment results.

Galerkin-Bernstein Approximations for the System of Third-Order Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems

This paper is devoted to find the numerical solutions of one dimensional general nonlinear system of third-order boundary value problems (BVPs) for the pair of functions using Galerkin weighted residual method. We derive mathematical formulations in matrix form, in detail, by exploiting Bernstein polynomials as basis functions. A reasonable accuracy is found when the proposed method is used on few examples. At the end of the study, a comparison is made between the approximate and exact solutions, and also with the solutions of the existing methods. Our results converge monotonically to the exact solutions. In addition, we show that the derived formulations may be applicable by reducing higher order complicated BVP into a lower order system of BVPs, and the performance of the numerical solutions is satisfactory. .

乌尔第三王朝的重名和规避国王名讳现象

在古代两河文明的进程中,乌尔第三王朝是经济、文化发展的鼎盛时期,留存下来的泥板文献数以万计。在这一时期的文献中,数以千计的人名中重名者较多,但未见与国王重名者,这一现象是对乌尔第三王朝的楔形文文献断代的一个重要依据,亦是判断相关人名的释读是否正确的重要参考。在已出版的研究成果中,部分学者因对该时期人名避国王名讳的情况重视不足,在文献释读的过程中出现了误读。

论农业适度规模经营视野下的承包地细碎化治理

发展农业适度规模经营是中国式农业农村现代化的必由之路,而承包地细碎化治理是发展农业适度规模经营中的关键一环。承包地细碎化治理模式中,“承包权不动,经营权连片”在法律上的技术路径是三权分置之下的土地经营权流转;“承包权互换,承包地连片”在法律上的技术路径是两权分离之下的土地承包经营权互换。农村集体经济组织在承包地细碎化治理中发挥着统筹协调、组织服务等功能,按照法定的程序形成集体意志,还可以充当承包农户在土地经营权外部流转时的代理人,以破除集体行动困境。承包地的调整仅限于个别农户之间,并在符合法定条件的前提之下按照法定程序进行,不得以承包地细碎化治理为由扩大承包地调整的适用范围而进行“打乱重分”。

论新时代全面深化改革的历史逻辑、理论逻辑和现实逻辑

新时代全面深化改革具有深厚的历史逻辑、丰富的理论逻辑和鲜明的现实逻辑。从历史逻辑看,全面深化改革始于党的十一届三中全会,提出于党的十八届三中全会,成熟于党的二十届三中全会。从理论逻辑看,全面深化改革概念历经从改革与开放到改革开放,从全面改革到深化改革,再从全面改革、深化改革到全面深化改革的演化,全面深化改革以马克思主义、党的领导、中国特色社会主义、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想等为理论支撑。从现实逻辑看,新时代全面深化改革不仅体现了中国特色社会主义进入新时代改革的重要性与必要性,而且全面深化改革是应对中国改革面临的诸多挑战和机遇的时代选择,要将以人民为中心、坚持党的领导、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、坚持社会主义制度、构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、因地制宜发展新质生产力等作为新时代全面深化改革的现实抓手与工作重心。

公司董事对第三人信义义务研究

董事对第三人承担责任是基于董事对第三人的信义义务,公司运营状态、董事身份和第三人类型,均对董事所需要承担的义务程度产生影响。司法实践中董事实施不当行为之后的归责原则和举证责任分配等方面有不同的学说理论。通过线上案例库下载的十余份关于董事义务的案例进行研究,分析董事违反信义义务后的相关责任承担,讨论公司董事应当在何种情形下承担董事信义义务,以及对信义义务的构成要件、责任类型和追责机制进行探析,提出了商业判断规则、公司决议和董事责任保险三种方式对公司治理进行优化。

新时代新征程进一步全面深化改革的政党领导逻辑

坚持和加强党的全面领导是进一步全面深化改革的定海神针。马克思主义政党领导权理论,中国共产党作为长期执政的马克思主义政党所独有的品格及其使命型、变革型、先锋型政党的鲜明特质,以及有效应对进一步全面深化改革复杂性和艰巨性的内在需要,共同构成了坚持和加强党对进一步全面深化改革全面领导的多维逻辑。党的领导制度体系,党委(党组)制、领导小组制度、党管干部制度、选贤任能制度以及党的系列领导法规等,共同构成了党对进一步全面深化改革实施全面领导的制度机制。不断提升全党把握改革规律的水平,坚持用改革精神和严的标准管党治党,深化党的建设制度改革,有效落实改革的领导责任,是提高党对进一步全面深化改革领导水平的战略路径。

Communication in the Third Places

对以Kramsch为代表的跨文化交际研究思路与该领域其他研究思路进行对比探索性研究。笔者认为Kramsch的研究非常成功地描述了真实情景下跨文化交际的模式 ,也就是说 ,跨文化交际发生在所谓的第三位置 ,既不在本族语文化情境环境中 ,又不在目标语文化情境环境中。根据这一理解 ,Kramsch的研究思路强调文化的真实性及其动态特性。这一研究思路在中国外语教学环境下 ,可帮助我们避免在外语教学中走极端。即完全文化融入或文化霸权。Kramsch的理论总体上来说是无懈可击的 ,但由于还缺乏足够的数据资料支持以及语言学习过程的复杂性 ,因而要将其理论付诸语言教学实践 。

“单位制”的多样化研究——评Toleration:Group Governance in a Chinese Third Line Enterprise

本书以一个三线工厂为研究对象,进行'麻雀解剖'式的田野工作,注重从日常生活和劳动关系的角度,审视企业内部的组织生态,尤其关注到了工人在车间政治中的博弈能力。本书认为,计划经济时期国营企业管理层与普通工人之间,并非如'新传统主义'与'失序专制主义'等理论中体现出来的强弱关系。'终身雇佣'与'固定就业'所导致的工人对生产行为的控制,三线工厂远离城市的'孤立局面'以及工人来源的复杂性所形成的社会网络关系,最终导致工人的'旷工'行为得到了管理层的'容忍'。本书进而揭示,工人的缺勤甚至旷工,不能简单地置于'国家与个人'的论述框架之内,认为是对政策调整、利益受损的不满与反抗,也有可能是日常行为的组成部分,其生成的原因,还需要通过更为深入的案例分析与理论梳理加以解释。

Research on China Third Language Learners＇ Metalinguistic Awareness

This study investigated the general situation of metalinguistic awareness of third language learners in Chinese universities.Data analyses showed that the level of metalinguistic awareness in those learners was significantly higher than that of second language learners.And learning a third language can improve metalinguistic awareness.

Prognostic factors of refractory NSCLC patients receiving anlotinib hydrochloride as the third-or further-line treatment

Objective:Anlotinib hydrochloride is a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,fibroblast growth factor receptor,platelet-derived growth factor receptor,c-Kit,and c-MET;therefore,it exhibits both antitumor and anti-angiogenetic activities.A phase III trial has shown that anlotinib improved progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),who presented with progressive disease or intolerance after standard chemotherapy.This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of patients receiving anlotinib treatment to determine the dominant populations who are fit for the treatment.Methods:Data were collected from March 2015 to January 2017 from a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multicenter,phase III trial of anlotinib(ALTER0303).A total of 437 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated(2:1)to the anlotinib and placebo groups.Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test were performed to compare PFS and OS.Cox proportional hazards model was adopted for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results:Multivariate analysis indicated that high post-therapeutic peripheral blood granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were independent risk factors for PFS.Meanwhile,elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone,blood glucose,and triglyceride levels;hypertension;and hand–foot syndrome were independent protective factors of PFS.High posttherapeutic peripheral blood granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio,an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score≥2,and the sum of the maximal target lesion length at baseline were independent risk factors of OS,and hypertriglyceridemia was an independent protective factor of OS.Conclusions:This study preliminarily explored the possible factors that affected PFS and OS after anlotinib treatment in patients with advanced refractory NSCLC,and the baseline characteristics of the therapeutically dominant populations were then identified.

The third-party regulation on food safety in China:A review

Stakeholders in the field of food safety management in China can be classified into three categories, government, food producers （farmers and enterprises）, and the third-party regulatory bodies. The third-party regulation has experienced rapid development in past twenty years, and recently received considerable attention from consumers and the central government. This paper provides a review about the development, problems and future trend of the third-party regulation on food safety in China. To be specific, five forms of the third-party regulation are assessed, including media exposure, the third-party certification, regulation by consumer associations, social movements promoted by non-governmental organiza- tions （NGOs）, and regulation by industry associations. The study concludes that media and consumer associations are the major players in the third-party regulation and are highly repudiated among customers. The food certification industry has developed rapidly, but is now facing crises of confidence among consumers because of its lack of self-regulation. NGOs and industry associations still remain in the early development stages of food safety management, and therefore, are of little importance in current regulatory bodies.

MULTIPLE POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF SINGULAR THIRD-ORDER PERIODIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM

This paper deals with the singular nonlinear third-order periodic boundary value problem u'' + p(3)u = f (t, u), 0 less than or equal to t less than or equal to 2pi, with u((i)) (0) = u((i)) (2pi), i = 0, 1, 2, where p is an element of (Graphics) and f is singular at t = 0, t = 1 and u = 0. Under suitable weaker conditions than those of [1], it is proved by constructing a special cone in C[0, 2pi] and employing the fixed point index theory that the problem has at least one or at least two positive solutions.

Clinicopathological characteristics of clinical early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach

AIM: To elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics of clinically early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach and to clarify treatment precautions.METHODS: A total of 683 patients with clinical early gastric cancer were enrolled in this retrospective study, 128 of whom had gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach(U group). All patients underwent a double contrast barium examination, endoscopy, and computed tomography(CT), and were diagnosed preoperatively based on the findings obtained. The clinicopathological features of these patients were compared with those of patients with gastric cancer in the middle- and lower-third stomach(ML group). We also compared clinicopathological factors between accurate-diagnosis and under-diagnosis groups in order to identify factors affecting the accuracy of a preoperative diagnosis of tumor depth.RESULTS: Patients in the U group were older(P = 0.029), had a higher ratio of males to females(P = 0.015), and had more histologically differentiated tumors(P = 0.007) than patients in the ML group. A clinical under-diagnosis occurred in 57 out of 683 patients(8.3%), and was more frequent in the U group than in the ML group(16.4% vs 6.3%, P < 0.0001). Therefore, the rates of lymph node metastasis and lymphatic invasion were slightly higher in the U group than in the ML group(P = 0.071 and 0.082, respectively). An under-diagnosis was more frequent in histologically undifferentiated tumors(P = 0.094) and in those larger than 4 cm(P = 0.024). The medianfollow-up period after surgery was 56 mo(range, 1-186 mo). Overall, survival and disease-specific survival rates were significantly lower in the U group than in the ML group(P = 0.016 and 0.020, respectively). However, limited operation-related cancer recurrence was not detected in the U group in the present study.CONCLUSION: Clinical early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach has distinguishable characteristics that increase the risk of a clinical under-diagnosis, especially in patients with larger or undifferentiated tumors.

Impacted Lower Third Molar Fused with a Supernumerary Tooth—Diagnosis and Treatment Planning Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

This paper reported a case of fusion between an impacted third molar and a supernumerary tooth, in which a surgical intervention was carried out, with the objective of removing the dental elements. The panoramic radiography was complemented by the Donovan＇s radiographic technique; but because of the proximity of the dental element to the mandibular ramus, it was not possible to have a final fusion diagnosis. Hence, the Cone-Beam Computed Tomography--which provides precise three- dimensional information--was used to determinate the fusion diagnosis and also to help in the surgical planning. In this case report we observed that the periapical, occlusal and panoramic were not able to show details which could only be examined through the cone-beam computed tomo- graphy.

THE SHARP ESTIMATE OF THE THIRD HOMOGENEOUS EXPANSION FOR A CLASS OF STARLIKE MAPPINGS OF ORDER α ON THE UNIT POLYDISK IN C^n

In this article, first, a sufficient condition for a starlike mapping of order a f（x） defined on the unit ball in a complex Banach space is given. Second, the sharp estimate of the third homogeneous expansion for f is established as well, where f（z） = （f1（z）, f2（z）,..., fn（z））＇ is a starlike mapping of order a or a normalized biholomorphic starlike mapping defined on the unit polydisk in Cn, and D2fk（0）（z2） /2i= zk（∑l=1^b akzzl）, k = 2t l=1 k = 1, 2,..., n. Our result states that the Bieberbaeh conjecture in several complex variables （the case of the third homogeneous expansion for starlike mappings of order α and biholomorphic starlike mappings） is partly proved.

Influences of solid particles on the formation of the third phase crud during solvent extraction

The influences of solid particles in leach solution on the formation of the third phase crud during solvent extraction of copper were studied. Analyzed from the point of view of pH value and surface tension, the study results showed that the solid particle is one of the most important contributors for the formation of the third phase crud. During solvent extraction, if the pH value was greater than 2.30, the number of solid particles in the mother solution increased, in which case the possibility of forming the third phase crud could also increase, and the interface tension value might grow in pace with the quantity of the third phase crud.

Role of third molars in orthodontics

The role of third molars in the oral cavity has been extensively studied over the years. Literature includes numerous diagnostic and treatment alternatives regarding the third molars. However, an issue that has not been discussed at the same level is their involvement in orthodontic therapy. The aim of this study is to present a review of the contemporary literature regarding the most broadly discussed aspects of the multifactorial role of third molars in orthodontics and which are of general dental interest too.

Third-Molar Development in Relation to Chronologic Age in Young Adults of Central China

The estimation of chronologic age based on the stages of third-molar development was evaluated by using the eight stages （A–H） method of Demirjian and the third-molar development was compared, in terms of sex and age, with results of previous studies. The samples consisted of 291 orthopantomograms from young Chinese subjects of known chronologic age and sex （including 139 males with a mean age of 14.67±3.62 y and 152 females with a mean age of 14.85±3.70 y）. Statistical analysis was performed by employing the Mann-Whitney U-test and the t-test. Regression analysis was conducted to obtain regression formulas for calculating dental age from the chronologic age. Our results showed statistically significant differences （P〈0.05） in third-molar development between males and females, at the calcification stages D, E and H. And a strong correlation was found between age and third-molar development in both males （r2=0.65） and females （r2=0.61）. New equations （Age=8.76＋1.32 Development stage） for estimating chronologic age were derived. It is concluded that third-molar genesis took place earlier in males than in females. The use of third molars as a developmental marker is appropriate in young adults of Central China. The formula obtained in the present study can be used as a guide for estimation of dental maturity and a standard for age estimation for young adults of Central China.

Caudate lobectomy by the third porta hepatis anatomical method: a study of 16 cases

BACKGROUND: The treatment for primary tumor in the caudate lobe of the liver is difficult because of its unique anatomical location. This study was undertaken to improve operative techniques and results by a new anatomical method of caudate lobectomy. METHODS: Clinical data of 16 patients who had had caudate lobectomy for the liver from January 1996 to November 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. The third porta hepatis anatomical method was performed in all 16 patients. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications were recorded. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 13 patients with caudate lobe carcinoma were followed up. Anatomical status, operative routes, operative procedures, liver blood supply were evaluated. RESULTS: The operation was successful in the 16 patients. The operative time was 255±70 minutes and blood loss 740±402 ml. None of the patients died from massive bleeding during the operation, nor did complications such as biliary fistula and liver failure occurred. In 13 patients with malignant tumor, 7 died from recurrence and metastasis of the tumor and the other 6 are still alive at the end of follow-up. One patient has survived for 6 years. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates in the 13 patients were 83.9%, 58.7% and 39.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Caudate lobectomy by the third porta hepatis anatomical method can improve operative effect and increase the resection probability for solitary tumor in the caudate lobe.