Planning Evaluation on Spatial Layout of Livestock and Poultry Farms

The problems of spatial layout in livestock and poultry farms were discussed, and the development status of the planning evaluation on the spatial layout in recent years was systematically reviewed. The research progress in planning evaluation systems and methods was mainly intro- duced. And some opinions were proposed to solve these problems.

Spatial Layout Art of Chinese Private Gardens

Private garden is one of the three major garden styles in China,the artistic achievements of which have devoted remarkable contributions to the development of global landscape architecture.Through studying the spatial layout of private gardens,the authors further analyzed three ways of landscape layouts,specifically,separated scenery,winding scenery and borrowed scenery.Concrete examples were taken to demonstrate the connotations and application skills of such three layouts,in order to benefit the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese garden art.

Construction of Tourism Spatial Layout in Huaihua from the Recreational Perspective

With the investigation of the current situation of tourism activities and characteristics of recreational tourism spatial layout in Huaihua,problems in tourism spatial layout are pointed out,that is,indistinct division of tourism functions,comparatively bad relevance in the "point-axle" spatial structure,and comparatively bad horizontal and vertical coherence in tourism space.It is suggested to rationally construct tourism spatial layout in Huaihua City after the model of spatial layered structure of recreational sightseeing,that is,the model of setting Huaihua City as the center,and from the inside out with three layers of recreational island within the city,recreational sites around the city and recreational sites at towns and villages away from the city through the spatial layout of point,axis and plane.

Spatial Layout of Environmental Landscapes in Elderly Community

As China enters the aging society, the old-age care problems have grown increasingly serious. Influenced by the only-child policy, traditional old-age support system fails to adapt to new social situation, the institutions have become major subjects in the future old-age support system. Researches on the elderly-fi t architectural design have achieved many fruits, but those on the landscape design of the elderly community has been less reported. This paper studied landscape design of the old-age support institutions from the perspective of both theory and practice, and tried to explore the spatial layout of environmental landscapes in the elderly community. On the basis of sorting out specifi c psychological needs of the elderly group in China and their needs for the layout of landscape spaces, this paper proposed some effective solutions in view of successful elderly communities in overseas countries, then analyzed the development of elderly communities in China, so as to fi gure out landscape design approaches capable of promoting physical and mental health of the elderly group in the old-age support institutions.

Spatial Layout and Morphological Characteristics of the Waterfront Settlements in Northern Jiangxi

The stmctufe types of the waterfront settlements in the north of Jiangxi Province were analyzed. According to the relationship between location and water, die waterfront setdements in northern Jiangxi were classified into tiiree categofies. The structuial commonalities of the three kinds of waterfront settlements were cleady interpreted. On this basis and combined with the field research data and relevant data, the characteristics of the waterfront setdements in northern Jiangxi were summarized： treating water as the main skeleton, choosing location by the distance ￡com watet, magnetic effect and organic textute. The characteiistic space of watetfront settLemeiits found in the investigation process was classified and elaborated, which has certain reference significance for tiie space study of waterfront settlements.

Coupling Relationship Between Summer Microclimate and Spatial Layout of Street Canyons in the White Stupa Temple Area of Beijing

With the rapid urbanization, many high-rise buildings and new districts have been built continuously. However, the old town of cities has gradually been forgotten by people and its environment is becoming increasingly harsh. The old town usually has diversified space and function. As an important part of the old town, the street canyon that is closely related to human settlements is a public space where people communicate and do activities. Therefore, research on microclimate-based improvement of the street canyon in the old town is of great significance. Six typical street canyons in the White Stupa Temple area of Beijing were selected for research to explore spatial characteristics of the street canyon. Microclimate factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation were measured on the spot in summer. These factors were combined with two microclimate assessment indexes of physiological equivalent temperature(PET) and wet bulb globe temperature(WBGT) to evaluate the microclimate of the street canyon. In the analysis of the measured data, the mean value comparison method was used to analyze the average values of the microclimate factors in different time periods. Spatial layout of microclimate included the orientation of the canyon, the ratio of the canyon height to canyon width, and green coverage of the canyon, and an in-depth study was made on the coupling relationship between the spatial layout and the microclimate of the canyon. Research results can provide an optimization strategy for the transformation design of the street canyon in White Stupa Temple area, and provide a scientific reference for the research on spatial layout and microclimate improvement in the old town, so as to improve the living quality of residents in the old town.

Humanized Spatial Layout Design of Cultural Plaza

From the perspective of humanized design concepts, humanized space design and behavioral psychological needs of users were re-interpreted and analyzed, basic elements and design principles of cultural plaza spatial layout were proposed. Particularly, application and role of humanized design in the spatial layout of cultural plaza was analyzed, on the basis of which humanized design objective and orientation for the sustainable development of cultural plaza was defined.

Research on the Optimization of Spatial Layout of Video Surveillance in Urban Residential Areas Based on Crime Prevention

The current spatial layout of video surveillance in urban residential areas primarily relies on the subjective assessments of personnel,which often results in issues like inadequate surveillance quality and inefficient resource use.To enhance monitoring effectiveness and ensure the rational allocation of surveillance resources,this paper proposes an optimization method for the spatial layout of residential video surveillance aimed at crime prevention.First,the residential area is divided into grids.From a crime prevention perspective,we construct an expected resource allocation matrix that outlines the demand for surveillance in each grid section.Next,we develop a surveillance resource contribution matrix to illustrate the coverage provided by the video surveillance systems.Additionally,candidate locations for surveillance cameras are identified based on the spatial structure of the residential area,ensuring that buildings do not obstruct the view.Using these components,we establish a spatial layout optimization model for residential video surveillance,which is then solved using a genetic algorithm.Finally,we present a simulation example to demonstrate the model’s applicability and effectiveness in enhancing the quality of residential video surveillance networks while optimizing resource allocation.

Optimization of spatial layouts for underground facilities to achieve carbon neutrality in cities:A multi-agent system model

Subways,underground logistics systems and underground parking,as the primary facilities types of underground,contribute significantly to the achievement of carbon–neutral cities by moving surface transportation to underground,thereby releasing surface space for the creation of more urban blue-green space for carbon sink.Therefore,in-depth studies on carbon neutrality strategies as well as reliable layout optimization solutions of these three types of underground facilities are required.This study proposes a spatial layout optimization strategy for carbon neutrality using underground hydrogen storage and geothermal energy for these three types of underground facilities employing a multi-agent system model.First,three spatial layout relationships,competition,coordination,and followership,between five underground facilities that contribute to emission reduction were investigated.Second,the implementation steps for optimizing the spatial layout of underground facilities were determined by defining the behavioral guidelines for spatial environment,underground facility,and synergistic agent.Finally,using the Tianfu New District in Chengdu City,China,as a case study,layouts of underground facilities under three different underground space development scenarios were simulated to verify the model.The findings of this study address the gap in the research on underground spatial facilities and their layout optimization in response to emission reduction.This study provided a significant reference for the study of underground space and underground resources at the planning level to aid in achieving carbon–neutral cities.

Suitability evaluation of population and settlements spatial layout after Wenchuan Earthquake

The suitability evaluation of population and settlements spatial layout in the mountainous areas is an important basis on which the scale of population and settlement after Wenchuan Earthquake is determined. Based on the statistical data of field research, this paper chooses 1264 towns in 51 counties as the scope of evaluation, selects eight indices in the evaluation index system which includes post-disaster population scale, population density, urbanization rate, the percentage of migrant workers, death rate by earthquake, the percentage of minorities, elevation-slope integrated terrain and comprehensive geological condition. Besides, this paper uses AHP supported by entropy technique and fuzzy membership function model to calculate the suitability evaluation index and then divides the disaster areas into five types： highly suitable area （area accounted for 11.03%）, relatively highly suitable area （15.29%）, moderately suitable area （29%）, less suitable area （30.08%） and unsuitable area （14.6%）. According to the result of suitability evaluation, this paper puts forward several suggestions for the reconstruction as follows： the urban system and the building of new countryside should be guided by the suitability evaluation subareas; post-earthquake reconstruction avoids zones near Longmenshan fracture and high-mountain gorge areas as far as possible; the scale of population and settlement should not exceed the capacity of resources and environment; population should be resettled as close as possible by considering adequately the heterogenicity and homogeneity of regional nationality culture characteristics; densely resettle the people at plains and hilly areas; encourage the migrant workers settle in the working place with their families voluntarily; and urban system reconstruction such as industry layout and important projects of lifeline should be guided by the spatial layout suitability evaluation.

Spatial Distribution of Hospitals in Handan City and Its Influencing Factors

Hospital is an important factor of people’s livelihood security,and the spatial layout of hospitals effectively ensures the medical convenience for residents.Location entropy and mathematical statistical analysis are used to study spatial distribution of hospitals.The results display that the distribution of medical facilities in Handan City is at a disadvantage level in Hebei Province,and medical facilities arr concentrated in the plain area.The layout of grade 3A hospitals in Hebei Province is characterized by urban centralization,and it is stronger in the east and weaker in the west.There is no medical facilities in Feixiang District of Handan City,and layout of medical facilities in Hanshan District and Congtai District is at advantage level of Handan City.The built-up area is the influencing factor for the distribution of medical resources.

Mapping the Layout of China's Strategic Emerging Industries

Currently,technology,human resources,economic development level and resource endowment determine the spatial layout of China's strategic emerging industries,whose development is dominated by large state-owned enterprises and leading firms.Disparities in the layout of strategic emerging industries are limited for economically developed regions in China but significant for less developed regions.In this context,the Chinese government should be alarmed of repetitive development and excessive input of industrial resources;encourage the development of private capital and prevent the monopoly of state-owned enterprises;adopt a strategy of complementary advantages,and promote industrial relocation for the multi-tiered and non-equilibrium development of strategic emerging industries in China.

A Spatial Supply-Demand Imbalance Between Rural Primary and Secondary Schools in Shaanxi Province Based on Road Network Analysis

It is of great significance to optimize the spatial matching of basic education facilities in rural areas and promote the equalization of urban and rural basic public services and the overall revitalization of rural areas.Based on the theory of spatial accessibility and spatial balance of supply and demand,this paper constructs the evaluation system of rural basic education facilities and layout rationality.In this study,we took 42 primary and secondary schools and 2089 rural areas with concentrated population in six township areas of Hancheng City as the research subjects.We used ArcGIS network analysis,population coupling model,and other methods,from the administrative scale and rural population concentration area scale for evaluation.The accessibility of basic education facilities and its coupling relationship with the spatial distribution of student population describe the spatial and geographical pattern of basic education facilities in rural areas.The results show that the accessibility of rural administrative scale and the spatial balance of supply and demand of population concentration area scale are associated with great problems,the differences between towns are obvious,and the overall level of the best performing towns is still low.On the scale of population concentration area,the overall coupling degree is too low,the"dislocation"distribution of educational facilities and student population is obvious,and the matching degree of the student population and school in different towns is significantly different,showing a more obvious"core-periphery"spatial structure characteristics centered on the eastern and southeast regions.The terrain characteristics of rural areas in Shaanxi province are prominent,and the accessibility of the road network is particularly significant.Therefore,optimizing the construction of rural roads and optimizing school layout according to local conditions will become an important solution to promote the balanced allocation of basic education resources in Shaanxi province.

Applicable Spatial Distribution Pattern of Green Space System in Emerging Towns——A Case Study of Gu'an County, China

In the context of the rapid development of urbanization in China, the development of emerging town shows a high-speed prosperity. This paper describes current situation of the emerging urban green space system and analyzes different characteristics between current green spaces and the old city or existing urban green space. Considering green space system planning in the downtown area of Gu'an County, advantages of the "network + patch" layout for green space systems in emerging towns are summarized to explore a green space structure suited to these towns.

Application of Indoor Natural Ventilation Simulation in Residential Space Layout

Tatural ventilation of indoor air flow and thermal comfort space plays an important role, especial y in the interior design of passive cooling factors, indoor space layout, and the location of doors, windows and other factors on the indoor natural ventilation effect has great influence. Using the method of fluid mechanics, and Airpak3.0 software, indoor natural ventilation for residential buildings was simulated, and the thermal comfort of indoor natural ventilation in a residential building in Xuzhou City was analyzed to explore the effect of indoor spatial layout, location of doors, window opening types on indoor natural ventilation. The results showed that indoor spatial layout played an essential role in indoor natural ventilation, application of numerical simulation for the simulation of the indoor natural ventilation and assessment of indoor natural ventilation effect was a scientific instruction for the indoor spatial design.

我国城市幼儿园空间布局适配性的现状、成因与优化建议

供需适配的幼儿园空间布局是促进学前教育资源均衡配置的关键举措,能有效推动学前教育高质量发展。本研究以我国中部地区某省会城市主城区759所幼儿园为例,运用地理信息分析工具中的核密度估计、最近邻指数等方法,分别从“有园上”“入园近”“上好园”“园幼共生”四个维度对幼儿园空间布局是否存在错配的核心议题进行深入剖析。研究发现:该市部分幼儿园空间分布存在欠适配现象,且形成了空间与结构错配的问题,其主要原因是资源投入层面的财政失衡、需求提出层面的逐优心理和城市规划层面的建设滞后。本文建议通过构建数字化管理平台、优化供需对接机制、加强配套园治理、加大治薄扶弱补缺的力度等措施,推动幼儿园空间布局从错配到适配的转换,从而促进区域学前教育公共服务一体化和高质量发展。

LID设施布局对城市径流与污染负荷影响评估

关于低影响开发(LID)空间布局对水量水质控制效果影响的研究较为缺乏。针对上述问题,以郑州市中原区为对象,基于SWMM模型原理构建布设LID设施的研究区城市水量水质模型。所提模型依据城市综合径流系数的经验值以及研究区实际情况,将中原区划分为城市建筑高、中、低密集区,并在研究区高、中、低密集子汇水区布设不同比例的LID设施(S1~S5),计算不同雨量级别下不同空间格局下的LID设施对水量水质的控制效果。结果表明:随着雨量级别的增大,LID方案的径流总量削减率、峰值流量削减率和TSS负荷削减率不断减小。在降雨级别为暴雨、大雨和中雨时,在高、中、低密集子汇水区布设占比分别为35%、35%和30%的LID方案(S5),其径流总量削减率超过80%,峰值流量削减率超过70%,且TSS负荷削减率超过50%。从各事件下水量与水质综合指标评估来看,该方案表现最佳。

城市洪涝应急响应能力评价及优化研究

在气候变化和全球化的背景下,极端降水事件及其导致的洪涝灾害频发。为准确评估暴雨内涝影响下的城市应急服务水平,基于InfoWorks ICM构建了城区内涝模型,利用ArcGIS中的最快路径法评估了医疗、公安、消防的空间可达性,利用基尼系数评估了公共应急服务相对幼儿园分布的合理性,采用最大覆盖算法对医疗、公安、消防的分布进行了优化,并基于研究区的情况进行了分析。结果显示:研究区的医疗、公安、消防相对幼儿园的基尼系数随着降雨重现期的增加而增大;对研究区的医疗、公安、消防分布优化前,这些部门的分布不尽合理,其15 min内的应急服务可达性不能满足应急救援要求,研究区应急响应资源相对幼儿园缺失严重,相对来说,医疗应急响应缺失最为严重;对研究区的医疗、公安、消防分布优化后,这些部门相对于幼儿园的基尼系数普遍在0.400以下,医疗和公安的应急服务即使在百年一遇洪涝加晚高峰情景下仍可以在15 min内覆盖40%的研究区面积,消防可覆盖70%的研究区面积,医疗、公安、消防的分布相对合理。本研究为中国城市洪涝灾害应急响应能力评价提供参考。

GIS- and RS-based Analysis of Suburban Landscape Layout in Haikou City

Landsat TM/ETM+ and Alos remote sensing data of the study area in 1991, 2001 and 2010 were interpreted by using object-oriented RS image extraction technology, landscape ecology theories were applied as well as GIS and FRAGSTATS4.1 to choose reasonable landscape indexes for studying temporal-spatial changes of suburban landscape layouts of Haikou City, exploring spatial features and change tendency of rural landscapes. According to the results, tropical garden landscapes have taken a dominant status in the last 2 decades; tropical farmland landscapes have had the most complicate shapes; tropical open forest landscapes have been most influenced by human interventions but had the best connectivity and high degree of concentration; tropical settlement landscapes and tropical meadow landscapes have been widely scattered with poor connectivity; landscape connectivity has been well maintained; contagion index has changed slightly, landscape equilibrium has been stable; landscape diversity has been maintained, all landscape types have been evenly distributed, landscape fragmentation has increased, and landscape heterogeneity has grown.

综合公园空间布局优化的模型构建及实证分析

综合公园作为重要且稀缺的城市公共资源,其合理布局对城市存量更新背景下优化公园体系、增进民生福祉具有重要意义。布局优化模型常用于解决公共服务设施布局问题,新重力P中值模型是一种综合多目标导向、设施供需匹配关系和复杂约束条件的布局优化方法。在辨析新重力P中值模型的基础上,综合考虑供给主体差异和模型求解难度,构建出面向城市综合公园布局优化的改进新重力P中值模型,主要修正内容如下:(1)通过细化供给主体,改良规模分配规则,改进新重力P中值模型未考虑现有公园和新建公园服务供给差异性的局限;(2)引入遗传算法寻优,解决非线性、多约束的复杂设施布局问题,实现模型求解以促进模型在公园实际规划中的推广应用。以苏州市中心城区为例,以多源数据为支撑,将研究尺度下沉至居住区尺度,实证结果表明模型优化后居民至邻近综合公园最大出行成本、平均出行成本和可达性基尼系数等指标均有改善,综合公园空间布局更为合理。研究结果可为综合公园布局规划提供有效决策工具,为公园绿地的精准化布局提供参考。