Strawberry is a major fruit crop worldwide because its nutritional and health benefits to human health,but its productivity is limited by Botrytis cinerea.Sucrose nonfermentation 1-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)has a...Strawberry is a major fruit crop worldwide because its nutritional and health benefits to human health,but its productivity is limited by Botrytis cinerea.Sucrose nonfermentation 1-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)has a defense function against pathogens,but the function of SnRK1 in the defense response to B.cinerea in plants is still unclear.In this study,FaSnRK1a-OE and RNAi fruits were constructed and then inoculated with B.cinerea.The result reveals a positive role of Fa SnRK1a in the regulation of resistance to gray mold.FaSnRK1a affects SA content by regulating FaPAL1 and FaPAL2 expressions.The genes related to the SA signaling pathway(FaTGA1 and FaTGA2.1)were significantly increased/decreased in FaSnRK1a-OE or FaSnRK1a-RNAi fruit,respectively.FaSnRK1a interacted with the FaWRKY33.2 protein and negatively regulated FaWRKY33.2 expression,and FaWRKY33.2 acts as a repressor of disease resistance to B.cinerea.Finally,FaSnRK1a regulates the expression of six PR genes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes to boost defense response after B.cinerea inoculation.Our findings showed that FaSnRK1a increases the resistance of strawberry fruit to B.cinerea via SA signaling pathway and interaction with the FaWRKY33.2 transcription factor.展开更多
Although the complete nucleotide sequence of strawberry vein banding virus(SVBV) has been determined and bioinformatic analysis has revealed that the SVBV genome could encode seven proteins, the precise function of ea...Although the complete nucleotide sequence of strawberry vein banding virus(SVBV) has been determined and bioinformatic analysis has revealed that the SVBV genome could encode seven proteins, the precise function of each protein is unclear. This study provided evidence that the P1 protein of SVBV(SVBV-P1) possesses the following features. Bioinformatic and subcellular localization analyses showed that SVBV-P1 is localized in the cytoplasm and cell walls of epidermal cells in Nicotiana benthamiana, and it forms inclusion bodies associated with microtubules and the endoplasmic reticulum. Dilution experiments demonstrated that SVBV-P1 could move from the original agro-infiltrated cells to adjacent cells in N. benthamiana leaves. Further trans-complementation experiments demonstrated that SVBV-P1 could facilitate the intercellular movement of a movement-deficient potato virus X mutant in N. benthamiana leaves. Finally, yeast twohybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that SVBV-P1 could interact with the SVBV coat protein, which is a major component of Caulimovirus virions. Results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that SVBV-P1 lacks DNA-binding capability. In summary, the results suggest that SVBV-P1 is probably a movement protein of SVBV, providing new insights into the function of movement proteins of the Caulimovirus genus.展开更多
One possible mechanism suggested for somaclonal variation is the activation of transposable elements. The activation of retrotransposons by stresses and external changes is commonly observed in plants. In previous stu...One possible mechanism suggested for somaclonal variation is the activation of transposable elements. The activation of retrotransposons by stresses and external changes is commonly observed in plants. In previous study, we isolated the reverse transcriptase （RT） gene sequences of Ty 1-copia retrotransposons from tissue culture strawberry （Fragaria x ananassa） plant, but not the transcriptionally active sequence. For further understanding the relationship between retrotransposon and somaclonal varation, in this study, we isolated the transcriptionally active RT gene sequences from strawberry plants subjected to different abiotic stresses. These retrotransposons were activated by spraying strawberry leaves with 2 mmol L^-1 salicylic acid （SA）, 50 mmol L^-1 methyl jasmonate （MeJA）, 50 mmol L^-1 abscisic acid （ABA）, 50 mmol L^-1 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） or by inducing callus growth in 2 types of MS media： first medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L^-1 6-benzylaminopurine （6-BA）, 0.5 mg L^-1 gibberellic acid （GA3）, 1.0 mg L^-1 thidiazuron （TDZ）, and 0.1 mg L^-1 2,4-D, and the second medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L^-1 6-BA, 0.5 mg L^-1 GA3, 2.0 mg L^-1 TDZ, and 0.02 mg L^-1 indole butyric acid （1BA）. Analysis of gene sequences of 17 RTs revealed that none of them contained stop codons and/or indels disrupting the reading frame. These different stress-origin transcriptionally active RTs were remarkably similar to each other- FATEXP2-8 and FATEYS9-7 showed 100% sequence identity. Analysis of pylogenetic of these transcriptionally active RTs and the RT sequences from genome showed that there were close phylogenetic relationships of most of the transcriptionally active RTs. The results of this study have contributed to the background information necessary for future studies for evaluating the relationship between retrotransposons and somaclonal variation.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31672099,31801812)the National Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System Fund(Grant No.CARS-30-2-02)。
文摘Strawberry is a major fruit crop worldwide because its nutritional and health benefits to human health,but its productivity is limited by Botrytis cinerea.Sucrose nonfermentation 1-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)has a defense function against pathogens,but the function of SnRK1 in the defense response to B.cinerea in plants is still unclear.In this study,FaSnRK1a-OE and RNAi fruits were constructed and then inoculated with B.cinerea.The result reveals a positive role of Fa SnRK1a in the regulation of resistance to gray mold.FaSnRK1a affects SA content by regulating FaPAL1 and FaPAL2 expressions.The genes related to the SA signaling pathway(FaTGA1 and FaTGA2.1)were significantly increased/decreased in FaSnRK1a-OE or FaSnRK1a-RNAi fruit,respectively.FaSnRK1a interacted with the FaWRKY33.2 protein and negatively regulated FaWRKY33.2 expression,and FaWRKY33.2 acts as a repressor of disease resistance to B.cinerea.Finally,FaSnRK1a regulates the expression of six PR genes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes to boost defense response after B.cinerea inoculation.Our findings showed that FaSnRK1a increases the resistance of strawberry fruit to B.cinerea via SA signaling pathway and interaction with the FaWRKY33.2 transcription factor.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072386 and 31801700)the Key Research and Development Project of Anhui Province,China(202004a06020013)the Postdoctoral Science Fund of Anhui Province,China(2019B360)。
文摘Although the complete nucleotide sequence of strawberry vein banding virus(SVBV) has been determined and bioinformatic analysis has revealed that the SVBV genome could encode seven proteins, the precise function of each protein is unclear. This study provided evidence that the P1 protein of SVBV(SVBV-P1) possesses the following features. Bioinformatic and subcellular localization analyses showed that SVBV-P1 is localized in the cytoplasm and cell walls of epidermal cells in Nicotiana benthamiana, and it forms inclusion bodies associated with microtubules and the endoplasmic reticulum. Dilution experiments demonstrated that SVBV-P1 could move from the original agro-infiltrated cells to adjacent cells in N. benthamiana leaves. Further trans-complementation experiments demonstrated that SVBV-P1 could facilitate the intercellular movement of a movement-deficient potato virus X mutant in N. benthamiana leaves. Finally, yeast twohybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that SVBV-P1 could interact with the SVBV coat protein, which is a major component of Caulimovirus virions. Results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that SVBV-P1 lacks DNA-binding capability. In summary, the results suggest that SVBV-P1 is probably a movement protein of SVBV, providing new insights into the function of movement proteins of the Caulimovirus genus.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (30871689)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China(NCET-07-0565)Science Foundation from the Department of Education of Liaoning Province, China(20060772)
文摘One possible mechanism suggested for somaclonal variation is the activation of transposable elements. The activation of retrotransposons by stresses and external changes is commonly observed in plants. In previous study, we isolated the reverse transcriptase （RT） gene sequences of Ty 1-copia retrotransposons from tissue culture strawberry （Fragaria x ananassa） plant, but not the transcriptionally active sequence. For further understanding the relationship between retrotransposon and somaclonal varation, in this study, we isolated the transcriptionally active RT gene sequences from strawberry plants subjected to different abiotic stresses. These retrotransposons were activated by spraying strawberry leaves with 2 mmol L^-1 salicylic acid （SA）, 50 mmol L^-1 methyl jasmonate （MeJA）, 50 mmol L^-1 abscisic acid （ABA）, 50 mmol L^-1 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） or by inducing callus growth in 2 types of MS media： first medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L^-1 6-benzylaminopurine （6-BA）, 0.5 mg L^-1 gibberellic acid （GA3）, 1.0 mg L^-1 thidiazuron （TDZ）, and 0.1 mg L^-1 2,4-D, and the second medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L^-1 6-BA, 0.5 mg L^-1 GA3, 2.0 mg L^-1 TDZ, and 0.02 mg L^-1 indole butyric acid （1BA）. Analysis of gene sequences of 17 RTs revealed that none of them contained stop codons and/or indels disrupting the reading frame. These different stress-origin transcriptionally active RTs were remarkably similar to each other- FATEXP2-8 and FATEYS9-7 showed 100% sequence identity. Analysis of pylogenetic of these transcriptionally active RTs and the RT sequences from genome showed that there were close phylogenetic relationships of most of the transcriptionally active RTs. The results of this study have contributed to the background information necessary for future studies for evaluating the relationship between retrotransposons and somaclonal variation.
