Mechanical anisotropy associated with beddings in shale under Brazilian test conditions:Insights from acoustic emission statistics

A comprehensive understanding of shale’s bedding anisotropy is crucial for shale-related engineering activities,such as hydraulic fracturing,drilling and underground excavation.In this study,seven Brazilian tests were conducted on shale samples at different bedding orientations with respect to the loading direction(0°,45°and 90°)and the disc end face(0°,45°and 90°).An acoustic emission(AE)system was employed to capture the evolution of damage and the temporal-spatial distribution of microcracks under splitting-tensile stress.The results show that the Brazilian tensile strength decreases with increasing bedding inclination with respect to the disc end face,while it increases with the angle between bedding and loading directions.Increasing the bedding inclination with respect to the end face facilitates the reduction in b value and enhances the shale’s resistance to microcrack growth during the loading process.Misalignment between the bedding orientation and the end face suppresses the growth of mixed tensile-shear microcracks,while reducing the bedding angle relative to the loading direction is beneficial for creating mixed tensile-shear and tensile cracks.The observed microscopic failure characteristics are attributed to the competing effects of bedding activation and breakage of shale matrix at different bedding inclinations.The temporal-spatial distribution of microcracks,characterized by AE statistics including the correlation dimension and spatial correlation length,illustrates that the fractal evolution of microcracks is independent of bedding anisotropy,whereas the spatial distribution shows a stronger correlation.The evolution features of correlation dimension and spatial correlation length could be potentially used as precursors for shale splitting failure.These findings may be useful for predicting rock mass instability and analyzing the causes of catastrophic rupture.

Effects of 3D deformation and nonlinear stress–strain relationship on the Brazilian test for a transversely isotropic rock

To improve the accuracy of indirect tensile strength for a transversely isotropic rock in the Brazilian test, this study considered the three-dimensional (3D) deformation and the nonlinear stress–strain relationship. A parametric study of a numerical Brazilian test was performed for a general range of elastic constants, revealing that the 3D modeling evaluated the indirect tensile strength up to 40% higher than the plane stress modeling. For the actual Asan gneiss, the 3D model evaluated the indirect tensile strength up to 10% higher and slightly enhanced the accuracy of deformation estimation compared with the plane stress model. The nonlinearity in stress–strain curve of Asan gneiss under uniaxial compression was then considered, such that the evaluated indirect tensile strength was affected by up to 10% and its anisotropy agreed well with the physical intuition. The estimation of deformation was significantly enhanced. The further validation on the nonlinear model is expected as future research.

Behaviour of layered sandstone under Brazilian test conditions:Layer orientation and shape effects

The experimental study in this paper focuses on the effects of the layer orientation and sample shape on failure strength and fracture pattern of samples tested under Brazilian test conditions(i.e.diametrical loading of cylindrical discs)for one particular layered sandstone which is from Modave in the south of Belgium.The variations of the strength in combination with the failure patterns are examined as a function of the inclination angle between the layer plane and the loading direction.The experimental,results clearly show that the induced fracture patterns are a combination of tensile and/or shear fractures.In shape effect experiments the layer thickness and the number of layer boundaries are investigated.Different blocks of Modave sandstone are used to prepare samples.The layer thickness is different among the various blocks,but the layer thickness in each studied rock block can be considered to be constant;hence,the number of layer boundaries changes according to the sample diameter for samples of the same block.The experimental study shows that the layer thickness plays a more important role than the number of layer boundaries per sample.

3-D distribution of tensile stress in rock specimens for the Brazilian test

It is claimed that the formula used for calculating the tensile strength of a disk-shaped rock specimen in the Brazilian test is not accurate, because the formula is based on the 2-dimensional elastic theory and only suitable for very long or very short cylinders. The Matlab software was used to obtain the 2-dimensional distribution of stress in the rock specimen for Brazilian test. Then the 2-dimensional stress distribution in Brazilian disk was analyzed by the Marc FEM software. It can be found that the results obtained by the two software packages can verify each other. Finally, the 3-dimensional elastic stress in the specimen was calculated. The results demonstrate that the distribution of stress on the cross section of the specimen is similar to that in 2-dimension. However, the value of the stress on the cross section varies along the thickness of the specimen and the stress is bigger when getting closer to the end of the specimen. For the specimen with a height-to-diameter ratio of 1 and a Poisson＇s ratio of 0.25, the tensile strength calculated with the classical 2-D formula is 23.3% smaller than the real strength. Therefore, the classical 2-D formula is too conservative.

Analysis of stresses at the center of transversely isotropic Brazilian disk

This article presents the stresses at the center of a Brazilian disk(BD)for transversely isotropic rocks.It is shown that the solution of stresses at the center of an anisotropic disk is a function of the disk radius and the magnitude of applied load,as well as the material orientation with respect to the load axis and two dimensionless ratios with specific physical meanings and limitations.These two dimensionless parameters are the ratios of Young’s modulus and apparent shear modulus,although the ratio of apparent shear modulus will be eliminated if the Saint-Venant assumption is considered.Considerable finite element simulations are carried out to find the stresses at the disk center concerning the material orientation and the two dimensionless parameters.Also,an approximate formula obtained from analytical results,previously proposed in the literature for solving the tensile and compressive stresses at the disk center,is re-written and simplified based on these new definitions.The results of the approximate formula fitted to the analytical results are compared to those obtained from numerical solutions,suggesting a good agreement between the numerical and analytical methods.An approximate equation for the shear stress at the disk center is also formulated based on the numerical results.Finally,the influence of the assumptions for simplification of the proposed formula for the tensile,compressive,and shear stresses at the disk center is discussed,and simple and practical equations are proposed as estimations for the stresses at the center of the BD specimen for low to moderate anisotropic rocks.For highly anisotropic rocks,the reference plots can be used for more accuracy.

Particle flow study on strength and meso-mechanism of Brazilian splitting test for jointed rock mass

A discrete element method （DEM） called particle flow code （PFC2D） was used to construct a model for Brazilian disc splitting test in the present study. Based on the experimental results of intact Brazilian disc of rock-like material, a set of micro-parameters in PFC2D that reflected the macro-mechanical behavior of rock-like materials were obtained. And then PFC2D was used to simulate Brazilian splitting test for jointed rock mass specimens and specimen containing a central straight notch. The effect of joint angle and notch angle on the tensile strength and failure mode of jointed rock specimens was detailed analyzed. In order to reveal the meso-mechanical mechanism of crack coalescence, displacement trend lines were applied to analyze the displacement evolution during the crack initiation and propagation. The investigated conclusions can be described as follows. （1） The tensile strength of jointed rock mass disc specimen is dependent to the joint angle. As the joint angle increases, the tensile strength of jointed rock specimen takes on a nonlinear variance. （2） The tensile strength of jointed rock mass disc specimen containing a central straight notch distributes as a function of both joint angle and notch angle. （3） Three major failure modes, i.e., pure tensile failure, shear failure and mixed tension and shear failure mode are observed in jointed rock mass disc specimens under Brazilian test. （4） The notch angle roles on crack initiation and and joint angle play important propagation characteristics of jointed rock mass disc specimen containing a central straight notch under Brazilian test.

Brazilian disc test study on tensile strength-weakening effect of high pre-loaded red sandstone under dynamic disturbance

Tensile failure(spalling or slabbing)often occurs on the sidewall of deep tunnel,which is closely related to the coupled stress state of deep rock mass under high pre-static load and dynamic disturbance.To reveal the mechanism of rock tensile failure caused by this coupled stress mode,the Brazilian disc tests were carried on red sandstone under high pre-static load induced by dynamic disturbance.Based on the pure static tensile fracture load of red sandstone specimen,two static load levels(80%and 90%of the pure static tensile fracture load)were selected as the initial high pre-static loading state,and then the dynamic disturbance load was applied until the rock specimen was destroyed.The dynamic disturbance loading mode adopted a sinusoidal wave(sine-wave)load,and the loading wave amplitude was 20%and 10%of the pure static tensile fracture load,respectively.The dynamic disturbance frequencies were set to 1,10,20,30,40,and 50 Hz.The results show that the tensile failure strength and peak displacement of red sandstone specimens under coupled load actions are lower than those under pure static tensile load,and both parameters decrease significantly with the increase of dynamic disturbance frequency.With the increase of dynamic disturbance frequency,the decrease range of tensile strength of red sandstone increased from 3.3%to 9.4%when the pre-static load level is 80%.While when the pre-static load level is 90%,the decrease range will increase from 7.4%to 11.6%.This weakening effect of tensile strength shows that the deep surrounding rock is more likely to fail under the coupled load actions of pre-static load and dynamic disturbance.In this tensile failure mechanism of the deep surrounding rock,the stress environment of deep sidewall rock determines that the failure mode of rock is a tensile failure,the pre-static load level dominates the tensile failure strength of surrounding rock,and dynamic disturbance promotes the strength-weakening effect and affects the weakening range.

The influence of jaw's curvature on the results of the Brazilian disc test

The general contact problem of a disc squeezed between jaws of arbitrary curvature is considered employing Muskhelishvili’s complex potentials.Taking advantage of the general solution introduced,the closed-form expressions for the stresses along strategic loci(loaded rim,loaded diameter,disc’s center)are obtained,in terms of the ratio r of the disc’s to the jaw’s curvature.Then,the effect of r(as well as that of the relative stiffness of the disc’s and jaw’s materials dictating the contact arc)on the stress distribution along these loci is explored.It is concluded that,for both smooth contact(zero friction)and contact with friction,the role of the jaw’s curvature is significant not only along the disc-jaw contact arc(as it could be expected),but also all along the loaded diameter.On the other hand,it is indicated that the stress field at the disc’s center is more or less insensitive to the jaw’s curvature assuming that r lies within the range(0,0.67)or in other words within the limits defined by the two standardized suggestions,i.e.that of American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)(plane loading platens with r ? 0)and that of International Society for Rock Mechanics(ISRM)(curved jaws with r ? 0.67).The upper limit of this range is a kind of compromise between the need to make the stress field at the disc’s center independent of the boundary conditions while keeping at the same time the contact angle large enough to reduce the stress concentration and the risk for premature fracture initiation far from the disc’s center.For jaws with radius of curvature exceeded by that suggested by ISRM,the stress field at the disc’s center is significantly influenced.Especially for jaws with radius approaching that of the disc,the stress field at the disc’s center is dramatically distorted rendering Hondros’ formula inapplicable and the test results erroneous.

Correction of dynamic Brazilian disc tensile strength of rocks under preloading conditions considering the overload phenomenon and invoking the Griffith criterion

Dynamic tensile failure is a common phenomenon in deep rock practices,and thus accurately evaluating the dynamic tensile responses of rocks under triaxial pressures is of great significance.The Brazilian disc(BD)test is the suggested method by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering(ISRM)for measuring both the static and dynamic tensile strengths of rock-like materials.However,due to the overload phenomenon and the complex preloading conditions,the dynamic tensile strengths of rocks measured by the BD tests tend to be overestimated.To address this issue,the dynamic BD tensile strength(BTS)of Fangshan marble(FM)under different preloading conditions were measured through a triaxial split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The fracture onset in BD specimen was captured through a strain gage around the disc center.The discrepancy between the traditional tensile strength(TTS,determined by the peak load P_(f) of the BD specimen)and the nominal tensile strength(NTS,obtained from the load P_(i) when the diametral fracture commences in the tested BD specimen)was applied to quantitatively evaluating the overload phenomenon.The Griffith criterion was used to rectify the calculation of the tensile stress at the disc center under triaxial stress states.The results demonstrate that the overload ratio(s)increases with the loading rate(σ)and decreases with the hydrostatic pressure(σ_(s)).The TTS corrected by the Griffith criterion is independent of theσ_(s)due to the overload phenomenon,while the NTS corrected by the Griffith criterion is sensitive to both the andσ.Therefore,it is essential to modify the tensile stress in dynamic confined BD tests using both the overload correction and the Griffith criterion rectification to obtain the accurate dynamic BTS of rocks.

Tensile strength and failure behavior of rock-mortar interfaces: Direct and indirect measurements

The tensile strength at the rock-concrete interface is one of the crucial factors controlling the failure mechanisms of structures,such as concrete gravity dams.Despite the critical importance of the failure mechanism and tensile strength of rock-concrete interfaces,understanding of these factors remains very limited.This study investigated the tensile strength and fracturing processes at rock-mortar interfaces subjected to direct and indirect tensile loadings.Digital image correlation(DIC)and acoustic emission(AE)techniques were used to monitor the failure mechanisms of specimens subjected to direct tension and indirect loading(Brazilian tests).The results indicated that the direct tensile strength of the rock-mortar specimens was lower than their indirect tensile strength,with a direct/indirect tensile strength ratio of 65%.DIC strain field data and moment tensor inversions(MTI)of AE events indicated that a significant number of shear microcracks occurred in the specimens subjected to the Brazilian test.The presence of these shear microcracks,which require more energy to break,resulted in a higher tensile strength during the Brazilian tests.In contrast,microcracks were predominantly tensile in specimens subjected to direct tension,leading to a lower tensile strength.Spatiotemporal monitoring of the cracking processes in the rock-mortar interfaces revealed that they show AE precursors before failure under the Brazilian test,whereas they show a minimal number of AE events before failure under direct tension.Due to different microcracking mechanisms,specimens tested under Brazilian tests showed lower roughness with flatter fracture surfaces than those tested under direct tension with jagged and rough fracture surfaces.The results of this study shed light on better understanding the micromechanics of damage in the rock-concrete interfaces for a safer design of engineering structures.

巴西圆盘拉伸强度测试在岩石力学中的发展综述及新见解

准确获取岩石抗拉强度,全面了解岩石拉伸破坏演化机制,是岩石力学理论研究和岩体工程应用的关键问题之一。由于直接拉伸试验存在试样夹持困难、端部应力集中显著、试验成功率低等诸多局限性难题,岩石类材料抗拉强度通常采用间接方法测试。而巴西圆盘试验作为间接方法中最被广泛使用的测试技术,自提出就因其特殊的力学机制而成为了岩石力学领域的研究热点,但同时其结果的准确性和有效性也受到了广泛的质疑与讨论。本文系统调研了巴西圆盘试验相关的室内试验、解析模型和数值模拟研究,总结并分析了该方法的发展趋势、形成的不同试验标准以及每种标准提出的基本依据和适用性。基于国内研究中的试验数据,对比了巴西圆盘和直接拉伸试验在测试结果上的差异,分析了控制巴西圆盘有效起裂的关键因素,明确了外在因素(加载条件、几何形状)和内在因素(力学性质、非均质性)对巴西圆盘断裂机制和试验结果的影响。最后,从初始裂纹萌生和扩展裂纹延伸两个阶段重新讨论了巴西圆盘测试岩石拉伸强度在实际条件下的有效性,并结合近年来几种创新型的岩石拉伸测试新方法,指出了岩石力学领域抗拉强度测试方法的发展方向。

微波和传统加热下混凝土劈裂抗拉性能分析

近年来,微波辅助混凝土粗骨料回收技术因其绿色性、高效性及低损伤性引起国内外学者广泛关注。该文采用工业微波多模谐振腔及传统马弗炉对圆柱体混凝土试样进行不同条件下的加热实验,探讨了混凝土在两种加热方式下的加热效率、宏观裂纹扩展与破坏模式、劈裂抗拉强度弱化规律以及加热参数对能耗和能效的影响规律。此外,借助扫描电镜分析了微波照射下混凝土的抗拉强度弱化机理。实验结果表明:微波加热技术具有更高的加热效率,能够有效地促使裂纹沿砂浆-骨料界面扩展,从而削弱混凝土强度;并且高微波功率下混凝土加热效率更高,强度损失更大,能量消耗更少。反之,传统加热下砂浆-骨料界面结构紧凑,未出现可见裂纹,加热过程能量利用率仅1%左右。

Static and dynamic tensile failure characteristics of rock based on splitting test of circular ring

Static and dynamic splitting tests were conducted on ring marble specimens with different internal diameters to study the tensile strength and failure modes with the change of the ratio of internal radius to external radius （ρ） under different loading rates. The results show that the dynamic tensile strength of disc rock specimen is approximately five times its static tensile strength. The failure modes of ring specimens are related to the dimension of the internal hole and loading rate. Under static loading tests, when the ratio of internal radius to external radius of the rock ring is small enough （ρ〈0.3）, specimens mostly split along the diametral loading line. With the increase of the ratio, the secondary cracks are formed in the direction perpendicular to the loading line. Under dynamic loading tests, specimens usually break up into four pieces. When the ratio ρreaches 0.5, the secondary cracks are formed near the input bar. The tensile strength calculated by Hobbs’ formula is greater than the Brazilian splitting strength. The peak load and the radius ratio show a negative exponential relationship under static test. Using ring specimen to determine tensile strength of rock material is more like a test indicator rather than the material properties.

预制裂隙砂岩巴西劈裂特性试验研究

为研究裂隙对岩石宏观破裂形态的影响,开展了单裂隙、共线双裂隙、平行双裂隙3种裂隙类型下砂岩的巴西劈裂试验,分析3种裂隙类型不同裂隙倾角下的破裂形态并对其分类,同时分析不同裂隙倾角下3种裂隙类型抗拉强度的变化。试验结果表明:裂隙会削弱岩石的抗拉强度,裂隙数量、裂隙倾角及裂隙间几何排布对试样的破裂形态及抗拉强度造成影响;单裂隙、共线双裂隙与平行双裂隙砂岩试样分别存在5种、4种与3种类型的破裂形式,岩石非均质性导致同一裂隙倾角下试样的破裂形态有所不同;单裂隙与共线双裂隙砂岩的抗拉强度总体在0°裂隙倾角时最大,随着裂隙倾角的增大,单裂隙砂岩抗拉强度呈先下降后上升再下降的变化规律,共线双裂隙砂岩抗拉强度呈现下降趋势,而平行双裂隙砂岩的抗拉强度在45°裂隙倾角时最大。

Stress-deformed state of cylindrical specimens during indirect tensile strength testing

In this study, the interaction between cylindrical specimen made ofhomogeneous, isotropic, and linearlyelastic material and loading jaws of any curvature is considered in the Brazilian test. It is assumed thatthe specimen is diametrically compressed by elliptic normal contact stresses. The frictional contactstresses between the specimen and platens are neglected. The analytical solution starts from the contactproblem of the loading jaws of any curvature and cylindrical specimen. The contact width, correspondingloading angle （2 ^0）, and elliptical stresses obtained through solution of the contact problems are used asboundary conditions for a cylindrical specimen. The problem of the theory of elasticity for a cylinder issolved using Muskhelishvili＇s method. In this method, the displacements and stresses are represented interms of two analytical functions of a complex variable. In the main approaches, the nonlinear interactionbetween the loading bearing blocks and the specimen as well as the curvature of their surfacesand the elastic parameters of their materials are taken into account. Numerical examples are solved usingMATLAB to demonstrate the influence of deformability, curvature of the specimen and platens on thedistribution of the normal contact stresses as well as on the tensile and compressive stresses actingacross the loaded diameter. Derived equations also allow calculating the modulus of elasticity, totaldeformation modulus and creep parameters of the specimen material based on the experimental data ofradial contraction of the specimen.

干燥及饱水状态多孔玄武岩力学性质试验研究

多孔玄武岩具有典型的蜂窝气孔状构造,为了了解其工程特性,先对某多孔玄武岩的孔隙特征进行了分析,并开展了干燥与饱水两种状态下的单轴压缩、巴西劈裂和直剪试验。结果表明:多孔玄武岩存在大量大小且分布不均的孔隙,对岩石的力学性质有较大的影响。在饱水状态下,多孔玄武岩的单轴抗压和抗拉强度以及内摩擦角和黏聚力均有不同程度的降低;其破坏形式与干燥状态也有明显差异;劈裂试验软化系数低于单轴压缩试验。多孔玄武岩具有较高的孔隙率,其软化机制主要在于孔隙水压力和矿物颗粒摩擦弱化。饱水对多孔玄武岩的变形、强度以及破坏特征有明显的影响。

海南北部玄武岩实时温度单轴拉-压强度试验研究

我国海南北部玄武岩储量丰富且分布广泛,矿化碳封存潜力巨大。实时温度下玄武岩的力学特性对深部玄武岩碳封存工程实践具有重要意义。本文采用配备高温环境炉的MTS万能材料试验机,对取自海南北部晚新生代玄武岩样品(主要矿物为富铝辉石和钙长石),开展了实时温度条件(25~250℃)下的巴西劈裂和单轴压缩试验,探究实时温度对其强度与变形破坏特征的影响。巴西劈裂试验表明玄武岩样品的抗拉强度随温度下降,且优势破裂面明显:室温时约13 MPa,50℃时显著下降至约8 MPa,250℃时下降至约7 MPa。单轴压缩试验结果显示玄武岩样品的杨氏模量与泊松比分别为31.0~175.3 GPa和0.13~0.48,最大值均出现在100~150℃;抗压强度为77.5~159.5 MPa,随温度上升有微弱下降趋势,但离散性增大;破裂模式随温度升高由单斜面剪切趋向多斜面剪切,可能是由于温度导致抗拉强度降低,进而导致拉张微裂隙比例增加。综合分析表明,玄武岩样品在25~250℃条件下力学特性的温度依赖性较为复杂:抗拉强度随温度升高而下降;单轴压缩力学参数离散性增加但无显著温度依赖性。其温度依赖性的主控机制为裂纹扩展速率(裂纹扩展激活能)的温度依赖性,而非热损伤。本研究结果表明,地下玄武岩碳封存工业实践中,随着埋藏深度(温度)的增加,玄武岩抗拉强度显著降低可能增加固碳反应引发的膨胀致裂的可能性,有利于提高玄武岩固碳效率,但玄武岩压缩变形破裂过程对固碳效率的影响仍需深入研究。

不同温度下掺玄武岩纤维水工沥青混凝土劈裂试验研究

【目的】为了解温度和纤维掺量对水工沥青混凝土抗裂性能的影响,【方法】采用长度6 mm的玄武岩纤维,开展了0℃、5℃、10℃下的掺纤维沥青混凝土巴西劈裂试验,并利用数字图像相关技术(DIC)对试样表面变形进行测量。【结果】结果显示:试验加载初期,试样的水平向变形不明显,当达到峰值荷载后,试样在上下压条之间的直线上出现明显的水平向应变,与裂缝扩展路径相对应,且掺入纤维增加了裂缝扩展路径的曲折程度;相同温度下,沥青混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度随纤维掺量的增加呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,0℃时,掺量0.8%对应的劈裂抗拉强度最大,5℃和10℃时,掺量0.6%对应的劈裂抗拉强度最大;在0℃的低温条件下,掺入0.2%的纤维可提高沥青混凝土的破坏拉伸应变,然而,当温度升高到5℃和10℃时,沥青混凝土的破坏拉伸应变随纤维掺量的增加呈先减小再增大的变化趋势;沥青混凝土断裂能随纤维掺量变化规律同样受温度影响,0℃和10℃时,断裂能随纤维掺量增加而增大,且掺量为0.6%~0.8%时,断裂能最大,但5℃时,断裂能随纤维掺量变化不明显。【结论】结果表明:在不同温度下,掺玄武岩纤维沥青混凝土抗裂性能随纤维掺量的变化规律是不同的。

Microscopic damage evolution of anisotropic rocks under indirect tensile conditions: Insights from acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques

The anisotropy induced by rock bedding structures is usually manifested in the mechanical behaviors and failure modes of rocks.Brazilian tests are conducted for seven groups of shale specimens featuring different bedding angles. Acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) technologies are used to monitor the in-situ failure of the specimens. Furthermore, the crack morphology of damaged samples is observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results reveal the structural dependence on the tensile mechanical behavior of shales. The shale disk exhibits compression in the early stage of the experiment with varying locations and durations. The location of the compression area moves downward and gradually disappears when the bedding angle increases. The macroscopic failure is well characterized by AE event location results, and the dominant frequency distribution is related to the bedding angle. The b-value is found to be stress-dependent.The crack turning angle between layers and the number of cracks crossing the bedding both increase with the bedding angle, indicating competition between crack propagations. SEM results revealed that the failure modes of the samples can be classified into three types:tensile failure along beddings with shear failure of the matrix, ladder shear failure along beddings with tensile failure of the matrix, and shear failure along multiple beddings with tensile failure of the matrix.

缓冲/回填材料砌块抗拉强度试验研究

对半工业化/工业化制备的缓冲/回填材料砌块抗拉强度以及不同位置抗拉强度均匀性的准确评价,可为优化砌块制备工艺、设计砌块起吊装置提供重要参考。基于单轴压实技术制备标准试样,使用径向劈裂法测定抗拉强度,研究高径比、荷载接触方式对砌块抗拉强度测试结果的影响。在此基础上,采用钻孔、取心和切割技术在大型扇形砌块不同位置取样,分析其抗拉强度的均匀性。实验结果表明:使用劈裂法测定砌块抗拉强度时,平板加载和弧形加载结果相近,垫条加载试验结果小于前两者;砌块抗拉强度随高径比增加先呈指数减小,在高径比大于0.6时可忽略其对抗拉强度的影响;大型砌块不同位置处抗拉强度与模具形状无关,而与距模具边界位置相关,距边界越远抗拉强度越小。